Pub Date : 2021-03-13DOI: 10.3232/sjss.2021.v11.n1.06
Josep Vicent Llinares Palacios, J. Llorens-Molina, Jaume Mulet, S. Vacas
The variability of the soils found in an area together with the diversity of the bioclimatic parameters will affect the chemical profile of plant species, in our case Pistacia lentiscus L. The aim of this work is to analyse the bioclimatic characteristics and soil parameters affecting the essential oil (EO) composition of the leaves of the Pistacia lentiscus L. growing in València (Spain). The EO compositions of dried leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. from five sampling sites with noticeable differences in soil and climate features were analysed by GC(MS) and GD(FID). The main bioclimatic and soil parameters were also determined in order to relate them to oil composition. a-pinene (2.8-39.2%), myrcene (0.6-59.3%), b-phellandrene (0.0-42.8%), germacrene-D (3.9-20.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (0.2-19.0%) were found to be the major compounds showing a high variability. The five sampling sites presented well-defined bioclimatic and edaphic characteristics that could be related to specific EO profiles. The results suggested that the EO composition of P. lentiscus L. depends more on the edaphic factors interacting with bioclimate conditions than on the geographical origin itself. Some general trends could be established based on the results: the Calcaric Arenosol (Saler) with a high evapotranspiration index was associated with a high sesquiterpenic fraction, (germacrene-D and b-caryophyllene, mainly). The Luvisol (Borrell and L’Ull), with high amounts of a + b-pinene, were found to be related to sub-humid bioclimatic conditions and clayey and fertile soils (high CEC and OM levels). This last requirement was also observed to be related to the myrcene content, but with drier climatic conditions and calcareous soils (Haplic Calcisol) with high level of carbonates and active lime (Lliria). The rest of hydrocarbon monoterpene and oxygenated monoterpene (terpinen-4-ol, mainly) fractions could be related to a dry climate and non-calcareous and low fertility soils (Eutric Regosol, Segart). Given the most suitable composition related to specific and useful biological activities, new research of controlled environmental factors (soil features and bioclimatic conditions) should be conducted in order to define the best conditions to manage industrial crops of P. lentiscus L.
{"title":"Soil parameters and bioclimatic characteristics affecting essential oil composition of leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. from València (Spain)","authors":"Josep Vicent Llinares Palacios, J. Llorens-Molina, Jaume Mulet, S. Vacas","doi":"10.3232/sjss.2021.v11.n1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/sjss.2021.v11.n1.06","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of the soils found in an area together with the diversity of the bioclimatic parameters will affect the chemical profile of plant species, in our case Pistacia lentiscus L. The aim of this work is to analyse the bioclimatic characteristics and soil parameters affecting the essential oil (EO) composition of the leaves of the Pistacia lentiscus L. growing in València (Spain). The EO compositions of dried leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. from five sampling sites with noticeable differences in soil and climate features were analysed by GC(MS) and GD(FID). The main bioclimatic and soil parameters were also determined in order to relate them to oil composition. a-pinene (2.8-39.2%), myrcene (0.6-59.3%), b-phellandrene (0.0-42.8%), germacrene-D (3.9-20.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (0.2-19.0%) were found to be the major compounds showing a high variability. The five sampling sites presented well-defined bioclimatic and edaphic characteristics that could be related to specific EO profiles. The results suggested that the EO composition of P. lentiscus L. depends more on the edaphic factors interacting with bioclimate conditions than on the geographical origin itself. Some general trends could be established based on the results: the Calcaric Arenosol (Saler) with a high evapotranspiration index was associated with a high sesquiterpenic fraction, (germacrene-D and b-caryophyllene, mainly). The Luvisol (Borrell and L’Ull), with high amounts of a + b-pinene, were found to be related to sub-humid bioclimatic conditions and clayey and fertile soils (high CEC and OM levels). This last requirement was also observed to be related to the myrcene content, but with drier climatic conditions and calcareous soils (Haplic Calcisol) with high level of carbonates and active lime (Lliria). The rest of hydrocarbon monoterpene and oxygenated monoterpene (terpinen-4-ol, mainly) fractions could be related to a dry climate and non-calcareous and low fertility soils (Eutric Regosol, Segart). Given the most suitable composition related to specific and useful biological activities, new research of controlled environmental factors (soil features and bioclimatic conditions) should be conducted in order to define the best conditions to manage industrial crops of P. lentiscus L.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46173969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.08
M. Yagüe, M. C. Lobo
The circular economy promotes the use of renewable fuels as an alternative to natural gas. Anaerobic digestion for waste management produces methane, carbon dioxide and a residue-the digestate- which must be recovered. This residue can be separated into two parts, namely the liquid and solid fractions, the former characterized by its large volume, presence of nutrients in mineral forms, and highly variable composition. Here we studied the fertilizing capacity of the liquid fractions obtained from the waste derived from artichoke canning (LF-Ar), orange juice manufacturing (LF-Or) and pig slurry (LF-Sl). To this end, we examined the physical-chemical parameters, carbon fractions, phytotoxicity and presence of pathogens in these fractions. The liquid fraction derived from fruit and vegetables had a low nutrient content compared to that of slurry ( ̴1.0 kg total-N m-3 vs. 5.6 kg total-N m-3 respectively). The NH4+-N content of the fractions ranged between 70-93% of total N. Given the permissible dose in non-vulnerable areas, LF-Sl, LF-Ar and LF-Or would provide 0.9-1.0 t of organic matter ha-1 and 134, 128 and 98 kg of C ha-1 from the total humic extract, respectively. The proportion of humic acids in the total humic extract was 59%, 51% and 34% respectively. The slurry digestate showed phytotoxicity probably due to high salinity, so it should be diluted based on the needs of the crop. On the basis of our findings, the characterized liquid fractions could be recovered in agricultural soils in line to circular economy principles.
{"title":"Liquid digestate features as fertilizer: carbon fractions, phytotoxicity and microbiological analysis","authors":"M. Yagüe, M. C. Lobo","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The circular economy promotes the use of renewable fuels as an alternative to natural gas. Anaerobic digestion for waste management produces methane, carbon dioxide and a residue-the digestate- which must be recovered. This residue can be separated into two parts, namely the liquid and solid fractions, the former characterized by its large volume, presence of nutrients in mineral forms, and highly variable composition. Here we studied the fertilizing capacity of the liquid fractions obtained from the waste derived from artichoke canning (LF-Ar), orange juice manufacturing (LF-Or) and pig slurry (LF-Sl). To this end, we examined the physical-chemical parameters, carbon fractions, phytotoxicity and presence of pathogens in these fractions. The liquid fraction derived from fruit and vegetables had a low nutrient content compared to that of slurry ( ̴1.0 kg total-N m-3 vs. 5.6 kg total-N m-3 respectively). The NH4+-N content of the fractions ranged between 70-93% of total N. Given the permissible dose in non-vulnerable areas, LF-Sl, LF-Ar and LF-Or would provide 0.9-1.0 t of organic matter ha-1 and 134, 128 and 98 kg of C ha-1 from the total humic extract, respectively. The proportion of humic acids in the total humic extract was 59%, 51% and 34% respectively. The slurry digestate showed phytotoxicity probably due to high salinity, so it should be diluted based on the needs of the crop. On the basis of our findings, the characterized liquid fractions could be recovered in agricultural soils in line to circular economy principles. ","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44293889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.02
P. G. Rodríguez, Beatriz Álvarez García
The Royal Sites have been studied and analysed from many points of view and there is an extensive bibliography regarding their historic, artistic and touristic heritage. However, their importance in the conservation of the environment, namely the conservation of soils and ecological corridors allowing the movement of animals and maintenance of biodiversity, has hardly been studied. Their high levels of protection, both as patrimony of the State and as ecological areas, have helped to preserve these natural landscapes even in areas close to big cities. In this paper we will analyse the importance that the Royal Sites, located in the northwest of the Autonomous Community of Madrid and in areas nearby in the Province of Segovia, have had in the conservation of the soils.
{"title":"The Royal Sites and their importance in the conservation of the soil","authors":"P. G. Rodríguez, Beatriz Álvarez García","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Royal Sites have been studied and analysed from many points of view and there is an extensive bibliography regarding their historic, artistic and touristic heritage. However, their importance in the conservation of the environment, namely the conservation of soils and ecological corridors allowing the movement of animals and maintenance of biodiversity, has hardly been studied. Their high levels of protection, both as patrimony of the State and as ecological areas, have helped to preserve these natural landscapes even in areas close to big cities. In this paper we will analyse the importance that the Royal Sites, located in the northwest of the Autonomous Community of Madrid and in areas nearby in the Province of Segovia, have had in the conservation of the soils.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.06
M. B. Almendro-Candel, María José Poquet Perles, I. G. Lucas, J. Navarro-Pedreño, J. Mataix‐Solera
This study evaluates the effect on the density and porosity of three differently textured soils when they were subjected to different degrees of compaction, following the addition of two crushed vegetable residues, palm leaf and hay straw. Mixtures were prepared incorporating the plant residues to each soil following the proportions: 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (V/V). To quantify the incidence of compaction on physical properties, cylindrical PVC containers were used. The soil-waste mixtures were subjected to pressures of 0 (kg/cm2), 1.12 (kg/cm2) and 2.24 (kg/cm2). The results obtained showed that the addition of the residues reduces the apparent density in the three soils, with the use of hay straw having the greatest decrease. As an example, in soil 1, without applying compaction, the apparent density varies with the application of palm leaf from 1685 (kg/m3) to 890 (kg/m3) and with the straw reaches values of 781 (kg/m3).
{"title":"Effect of the application of two plant residues on the density and porosity of soils subjected to compaction","authors":"M. B. Almendro-Candel, María José Poquet Perles, I. G. Lucas, J. Navarro-Pedreño, J. Mataix‐Solera","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the effect on the density and porosity of three differently textured soils when they were subjected to different degrees of compaction, following the addition of two crushed vegetable residues, palm leaf and hay straw. Mixtures were prepared incorporating the plant residues to each soil following the proportions: 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (V/V). To quantify the incidence of compaction on physical properties, cylindrical PVC containers were used. The soil-waste mixtures were subjected to pressures of 0 (kg/cm2), 1.12 (kg/cm2) and 2.24 (kg/cm2). The results obtained showed that the addition of the residues reduces the apparent density in the three soils, with the use of hay straw having the greatest decrease. As an example, in soil 1, without applying compaction, the apparent density varies with the application of palm leaf from 1685 (kg/m3) to 890 (kg/m3) and with the straw reaches values of 781 (kg/m3).","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.05
V. Santás-Miguel, M. Díaz-Raviña, Á. Martín, E. García-Campos, A. Barreiro, Avelino Núñez-Delgado, M. Fernández‐Sanjurjo, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez, M. Arias-Estévez, D. Fernández-Calviño
This work examines the results of a soil incubation experiment in the laboratory, under controlled conditions of humidity and temperature. The purpose was to determine the medium-term influence of the presence of antibiotics on the total and specific microbial biomass, determined by means of the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis (total microbial biomass, and specific fungal, bacterial, actinobacterial, Gram-negative bacterial and Gram-positive bacterial biomass), as well as the relationship between some of these groups (fungal biomass/bacterial biomass, Gram-negative-bacterial /Gram-positive bacterial). The experiment was performed with four different cultivated soils with a similar pH but different organic matter (OM) content, to which eight doses of three antibiotics of the tetracycline group (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlorotetracycline) were added. Microbial biomass measurements (total and specific groups) were performed after 42 days of incubation. As expected, the total and specific microbial biomass values were different in the four soils studied. Both the total and the specific microbial biomass showed a similar response to the presence of antibiotics, although in several cases the data were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. In general, in all soils the addition of chlorotetracycline and tetracycline slightly modified or increased, to a greater or lesser extent, the values of both total and specific microbial biomass, particularly at higher doses. However, in certain cases, biomass values decreased due to the addition of the highest dose of oxytetracycline. With regard to fungal/bacterial and Gram-bacteria/Gram+ bacterial biomass ratios, values slightly changed after the addition of the antibiotics.
{"title":"Medium-term influence of tetracyclines on total and specific microbial biomass in cultivated soils of Galicia (NW Spain)","authors":"V. Santás-Miguel, M. Díaz-Raviña, Á. Martín, E. García-Campos, A. Barreiro, Avelino Núñez-Delgado, M. Fernández‐Sanjurjo, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez, M. Arias-Estévez, D. Fernández-Calviño","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.05","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines the results of a soil incubation experiment in the laboratory, under controlled conditions of humidity and temperature. The purpose was to determine the medium-term influence of the presence of antibiotics on the total and specific microbial biomass, determined by means of the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis (total microbial biomass, and specific fungal, bacterial, actinobacterial, Gram-negative bacterial and Gram-positive bacterial biomass), as well as the relationship between some of these groups (fungal biomass/bacterial biomass, Gram-negative-bacterial /Gram-positive bacterial). The experiment was performed with four different cultivated soils with a similar pH but different organic matter (OM) content, to which eight doses of three antibiotics of the tetracycline group (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlorotetracycline) were added. Microbial biomass measurements (total and specific groups) were performed after 42 days of incubation. As expected, the total and specific microbial biomass values were different in the four soils studied. Both the total and the specific microbial biomass showed a similar response to the presence of antibiotics, although in several cases the data were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. In general, in all soils the addition of chlorotetracycline and tetracycline slightly modified or increased, to a greater or lesser extent, the values of both total and specific microbial biomass, particularly at higher doses. However, in certain cases, biomass values decreased due to the addition of the highest dose of oxytetracycline. With regard to fungal/bacterial and Gram-bacteria/Gram+ bacterial biomass ratios, values slightly changed after the addition of the antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.03
A. S. Navarro, Aldara Girona Ruiz, M. J. D. Iniesta
The electrical conductivity (EC) and ionic composition of the soil solution of a Haplic Calcisol in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) were studied in situ for four years in an experimental open-air vegetable plot, together with the relationship between these parameters, the quality of the irrigation water and the management of the plot. The results show that there were very significant fluctuations in these variables during the study period and that these fluctuations depended on the management of the plot and in particular on the irrigation water used. Therefore, for an adequate management of these agro-ecosystems, it is necessary to establish a network of experimental plots in situ, where sensitive indicators of soil degradation are monitored, in our case the EC and the ionic composition of the soil solution. Such indicators are capable of detecting these degradation processes and their relationship with the inappropriate management of this resource.
在一个露天试验菜地中，对Campo de Cartagena（西班牙穆尔西亚）的半固态钙溶胶土壤溶液的电导率（EC）和离子组成进行了为期四年的原位研究，以及这些参数与灌溉水质量和菜地管理之间的关系。结果表明，在研究期间，这些变量存在非常显著的波动，这些波动取决于地块的管理，特别是所使用的灌溉水。因此，为了对这些农业生态系统进行充分管理，有必要在现场建立一个试验地块网络，监测土壤退化的敏感指标，在我们的案例中是EC和土壤溶液的离子组成。这些指标能够检测这些退化过程及其与这种资源管理不当的关系。
{"title":"Influence of intensive horticultural cultivation on soil salinity in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia)","authors":"A. S. Navarro, Aldara Girona Ruiz, M. J. D. Iniesta","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.03","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conductivity (EC) and ionic composition of the soil solution of a Haplic Calcisol in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) were studied in situ for four years in an experimental open-air vegetable plot, together with the relationship between these parameters, the quality of the irrigation water and the management of the plot. The results show that there were very significant fluctuations in these variables during the study period and that these fluctuations depended on the management of the plot and in particular on the irrigation water used. Therefore, for an adequate management of these agro-ecosystems, it is necessary to establish a network of experimental plots in situ, where sensitive indicators of soil degradation are monitored, in our case the EC and the ionic composition of the soil solution. Such indicators are capable of detecting these degradation processes and their relationship with the inappropriate management of this resource.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45584062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.04
Nerea Fibla Cebrián, R. Poch, D. B. Villas
A podzol has been described in the Iberian Range (Moncayo Natural Park), which may represent the southernmost example in Europe. The fact that it occurs at the podzol distribution limit makes its morphology atypical. The aim of this work is to identify the components and formation processes of the soil, and to determine if the processes are active or paleo-processes by a micromorphological approach. The study podzol is located in the top of a northern hillside (30% of slope), at 1600 m altitude on quartzitic sandstones, under Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with an udic moisture regime and a frigid temperature regime. We found opaque, orthic iron oxide nodules at the base of the profile (Bhs1), which is related to a current oxidation-reduction process; silt caps are also observed on the coarse elements, pedofeatures evidencing the cryoturbation process, probably also current processes. In the Bhs2 horizon, coatings and micro-laminated clay infillings are identified that are interspersed with fine silts in the holes. Many of these coatings are fragmented and mixed with the basal mass of the soil, indicating that they are paleofeature, possibly prior to the current podzolization.
{"title":"Genesis of an atypical Podzol in the Iberian Range: micromorphological characterization","authors":"Nerea Fibla Cebrián, R. Poch, D. B. Villas","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.04","url":null,"abstract":"A podzol has been described in the Iberian Range (Moncayo Natural Park), which may represent the southernmost example in Europe. The fact that it occurs at the podzol distribution limit makes its morphology atypical. The aim of this work is to identify the components and formation processes of the soil, and to determine if the processes are active or paleo-processes by a micromorphological approach. The study podzol is located in the top of a northern hillside (30% of slope), at 1600 m altitude on quartzitic sandstones, under Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with an udic moisture regime and a frigid temperature regime. We found opaque, orthic iron oxide nodules at the base of the profile (Bhs1), which is related to a current oxidation-reduction process; silt caps are also observed on the coarse elements, pedofeatures evidencing the cryoturbation process, probably also current processes. In the Bhs2 horizon, coatings and micro-laminated clay infillings are identified that are interspersed with fine silts in the holes. Many of these coatings are fragmented and mixed with the basal mass of the soil, indicating that they are paleofeature, possibly prior to the current podzolization.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48787617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.07
C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes, S. Bravo, J. Amorós, F. García-Navarro, J. García-Pradas, Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño, R. Jiménez-Ballesta
A study has been conducted in a viticulture area near Lezuza (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) with the main aim of linking the effects of stoniness on vineyard productivity and quality. The studied area is unique because of the very high stoniness (6 of the 11 profiles exceeded 30% and another 3 reached 50%). A discussion is provided on the importance of the stony layer superimposed on the limestone plateau, which produces a clear contrast in the soils since these are two very different types of chemical and mineral substrates (acidic at the surface but calcareous in the subsurface). This special type of stoniness could impart unique characteristics that are highly valued in the current wine market. It was found that the importance of the stony phase is that – apart from the protective role from soil erosion – it plays a definitive role in the conservation of soil moisture, which is relevant during the growth period in the vineyard. The experience accumulated over many years by farmers, in the sense that smaller rock fragments should not be removed from the surface of the agronomic fields, should be taken into consideration, especially if the aim is to conserve soil and water.
{"title":"The stony phase as a differentiation factor in vineyard soils","authors":"C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes, S. Bravo, J. Amorós, F. García-Navarro, J. García-Pradas, Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño, R. Jiménez-Ballesta","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N3.07","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been conducted in a viticulture area near Lezuza (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) with the main aim of linking the effects of stoniness on vineyard productivity and quality. The studied area is unique because of the very high stoniness (6 of the 11 profiles exceeded 30% and another 3 reached 50%). A discussion is provided on the importance of the stony layer superimposed on the limestone plateau, which produces a clear contrast in the soils since these are two very different types of chemical and mineral substrates (acidic at the surface but calcareous in the subsurface). This special type of stoniness could impart unique characteristics that are highly valued in the current wine market. It was found that the importance of the stony phase is that – apart from the protective role from soil erosion – it plays a definitive role in the conservation of soil moisture, which is relevant during the growth period in the vineyard. The experience accumulated over many years by farmers, in the sense that smaller rock fragments should not be removed from the surface of the agronomic fields, should be taken into consideration, especially if the aim is to conserve soil and water.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.02
Cristina Eimil-Fraga, R. Rodríguez-Soalleiro, M. Fernández‐Sanjurjo, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez
The influence of plantation age on the chemical properties of acidic soils was studied in 16 plots in adult Pinus pinaster stands established in Galicia (NW Spain). The Al fractions in the soil solid phase and the total Al in soil solution were determined in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm) and the lower soil layer (20-40 cm) in each plot. The pH, total C and N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Al and Al saturation (% Al) were determined in the solid fraction. Aluminium was extracted from the solid phase with the following solutions: ammonium oxalate (Alo), sodium pyrophosphate (Alp), copper chloride (Alcu) and ammonium chloride (AlNH4). The total Al in the liquid phase was also determined. All soil chemical parameters, except total N, C/N ratio and % Al, were significantly influenced by soil depth. The mean pH was lower in the upper than in the lower layer (4.57 vs. 4.97), but the opposite was observed for the organic C (77.2 vs. 50.4 g kg-1), the effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) (9.43 vs. 6.25 cmol(+) kg-1), P (8.95 vs. 4.65 mg kg-1) and the exchangeable cations. Organic matter, total N and eCEC were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (r = 0.69 in the upper layer and r = 0.82 in the lower layer, p < 0.01; r = 0.62, p < 0.05 in the upper layer and r = 0.78, p < 0.01 in the lower layer; r = 0.77, p < 0.01 in the upper layer and r = 0.85, p < 0.0001 in the lower layer, respectively), and pHKCl was negatively correlated with plantation age (r = -0.55 in the upper soil layer and r = -0.61 in the lower soil layer, p < 0.05). The concentrations of the different Al forms in all soils decreased in the order Alp > Alo > Alcu > AlNH4. Highly stable organo-aluminium complexes (Alp-cu) predominated over moderate and low stability complexes (Alcu) in all soil plots. The highly stable organo-Al complexes were significantly more abundant in the lower layer, whereas the opposite was observed for the exchangeable Al and the total Al in soil solution. The concentrations of all Al forms (except Alp-cu) were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (Alo r = 0.50, p < 0.05 for the upper layer and r = 0.67, p < 0.01 for the lower layer; Alp r = 0.64, p < 0.01 for the lower layer; Alcu r = 0.84 for the upper layer and r = 0.83 for the lower layer, p < 0.0001; Alcu-NH4 r = 0.65 for the upper layer and r = 0.78 for the lower layer, p < 0.01; AlNH4 r = 0.76, p < 0.01 for the upper layer and r = 0.84, p < 0.0001 for the lower layer; total Al in soil solution r = 0.61 for the upper layer and r = 0.60 for the lower layer, p < 0.05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that plantation age, pH and total C explained between 67% and 93% of the variance in the Al forms. In all regression models, plantation age was a significant predictor variable for the different Al fractions, except total soluble Al, which is an important variable to consider in the study of chemical properties in forest soils.
在西班牙加利西亚(NW)的16个样地研究了人工林年龄对酸性土壤化学性质的影响。测定每个样地上土层(0 ~ 20 cm)和下土层(20 ~ 40 cm)土壤固相铝含量和土壤溶液中总铝含量。测定了固体组分中的pH、总C、总N、可交换Ca、Mg、Na、K、Al和Al饱和度(% Al)。以草酸铵(Alo)、焦磷酸钠(Alp)、氯化铜(Alcu)和氯化铵(AlNH4)为溶剂从固相中提取铝。测定了液相中总铝的含量。除全氮、碳氮比和% Al外，土壤化学参数均受土壤深度的显著影响。表层的平均pH值比下层低(4.57比4.97)，而有机碳(77.2比50.4 g kg-1)、有效阳离子交换容量(eCEC)(9.43比6.25 cmol(+) kg-1)、磷(8.95比4.65 mg kg-1)和可交换阳离子则相反。有机质、全氮和eCEC与人工林年龄呈极显著正相关(上层r = 0.69，下层r = 0.82, p < 0.01;上层R = 0.62, p < 0.05;下层R = 0.78, p < 0.01;表层r = 0.77, p < 0.01，下层r = 0.85, p < 0.0001)， pHKCl与人工林年龄呈负相关(表层r = -0.55，下层r = -0.61, p < 0.05)。各土壤中不同形态Al的浓度依次为Alp > Alo > Alcu > AlNH4。高稳定性有机铝配合物(Alp-cu)在所有土壤样地中均高于中、低稳定性有机铝配合物(Alcu)。土壤溶液中高稳定性的有机铝络合物在下层明显丰富，而交换性铝和全铝则相反。除Alp-cu外，所有Al形态的浓度均与林龄呈极显著正相关(上层r = 0.50, p < 0.05，下层r = 0.67, p < 0.01);Alp r = 0.64，下层p < 0.01;Alcu上层r = 0.84，下层r = 0.83, p < 0.0001;Alcu-NH4上层r = 0.65，下层r = 0.78, p < 0.01;AlNH4上层r = 0.76, p < 0.01，下层r = 0.84, p < 0.0001;土壤溶液中总铝上层r = 0.61，下层r = 0.60, p < 0.05)。逐步线性回归分析表明，人工林年龄、pH值和总碳能解释Al形态变异的67% ~ 93%。在所有回归模型中，人工林年龄是不同Al组分的显著预测变量，但总可溶性Al是研究森林土壤化学性质时需要考虑的重要变量。
{"title":"Influence of Pinus pinaster age on aluminium fractions in acidic soils","authors":"Cristina Eimil-Fraga, R. Rodríguez-Soalleiro, M. Fernández‐Sanjurjo, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of plantation age on the chemical properties of acidic soils was studied in 16 plots in adult Pinus pinaster stands established in Galicia (NW Spain). The Al fractions in the soil solid phase and the total Al in soil solution were determined in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm) and the lower soil layer (20-40 cm) in each plot. The pH, total C and N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Al and Al saturation (% Al) were determined in the solid fraction. Aluminium was extracted from the solid phase with the following solutions: ammonium oxalate (Alo), sodium pyrophosphate (Alp), copper chloride (Alcu) and ammonium chloride (AlNH4). The total Al in the liquid phase was also determined. All soil chemical parameters, except total N, C/N ratio and % Al, were significantly influenced by soil depth. The mean pH was lower in the upper than in the lower layer (4.57 vs. 4.97), but the opposite was observed for the organic C (77.2 vs. 50.4 g kg-1), the effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) (9.43 vs. 6.25 cmol(+) kg-1), P (8.95 vs. 4.65 mg kg-1) and the exchangeable cations. Organic matter, total N and eCEC were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (r = 0.69 in the upper layer and r = 0.82 in the lower layer, p < 0.01; r = 0.62, p < 0.05 in the upper layer and r = 0.78, p < 0.01 in the lower layer; r = 0.77, p < 0.01 in the upper layer and r = 0.85, p < 0.0001 in the lower layer, respectively), and pHKCl was negatively correlated with plantation age (r = -0.55 in the upper soil layer and r = -0.61 in the lower soil layer, p < 0.05). The concentrations of the different Al forms in all soils decreased in the order Alp > Alo > Alcu > AlNH4. Highly stable organo-aluminium complexes (Alp-cu) predominated over moderate and low stability complexes (Alcu) in all soil plots. The highly stable organo-Al complexes were significantly more abundant in the lower layer, whereas the opposite was observed for the exchangeable Al and the total Al in soil solution. The concentrations of all Al forms (except Alp-cu) were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (Alo r = 0.50, p < 0.05 for the upper layer and r = 0.67, p < 0.01 for the lower layer; Alp r = 0.64, p < 0.01 for the lower layer; Alcu r = 0.84 for the upper layer and r = 0.83 for the lower layer, p < 0.0001; Alcu-NH4 r = 0.65 for the upper layer and r = 0.78 for the lower layer, p < 0.01; AlNH4 r = 0.76, p < 0.01 for the upper layer and r = 0.84, p < 0.0001 for the lower layer; total Al in soil solution r = 0.61 for the upper layer and r = 0.60 for the lower layer, p < 0.05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that plantation age, pH and total C explained between 67% and 93% of the variance in the Al forms. In all regression models, plantation age was a significant predictor variable for the different Al fractions, except total soluble Al, which is an important variable to consider in the study of chemical properties in forest soils.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48837414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.03
M. R. Landriscini, M. Duval, J. Galantini, J. O. Iglesias, C. Cazorla
Advances in cover crops practice, in the context of potential benefits for annual crop production and sustained soil quality were studied. A soybean-maize sequence with five winter cover crops (CC) species were studied at the Marcos Juárez INTA Experimental Station, Córdoba, Argentina. Common vetch (VS), hairy vetch (VV), rye (R), triticale (T) and hairy vetch (VV) + triticale (T) mixture were tested as well as a control treatment (Ct) without a CC. The CC effect on the dynamics and balance of the soil organic C (SOC) and its fractions were examined. Maize and soybean yields did not show significant differences between the control and the CC treatments. The SOC stratification (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m) with accumulation of residue on surface was due to the concentration of SOC and fractions that decreased with depth. The gramineous crops were more efficient in biomass production with more C input into the soil. Triticale showed positive C balance in OC and in the easily degradable fraction (labile) and an increase in the residue decomposition rate. CC had a positive impact on the more stable C stock (recalcitrant OC) in the sub-superficial layer than in the superficial one. The gramineae input was evident in the superficial layer and the most stable OC fraction, was concentered in the sub-superficial layer. Organic soil fractioning by particle size have been shown to be useful indicators for detecting changes produced by management practices in most experiments. This study demonstrated that the effect of cover crops on SOC and the labile fraction in the upper soil layer was strongly related with the high residue production.
{"title":"Changes in soil organic carbon fractions in a sequence with cover crops","authors":"M. R. Landriscini, M. Duval, J. Galantini, J. O. Iglesias, C. Cazorla","doi":"10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in cover crops practice, in the context of potential benefits for annual crop production and sustained soil quality were studied. A soybean-maize sequence with five winter cover crops (CC) species were studied at the Marcos Juárez INTA Experimental Station, Córdoba, Argentina. Common vetch (VS), hairy vetch (VV), rye (R), triticale (T) and hairy vetch (VV) + triticale (T) mixture were tested as well as a control treatment (Ct) without a CC. The CC effect on the dynamics and balance of the soil organic C (SOC) and its fractions were examined. Maize and soybean yields did not show significant differences between the control and the CC treatments. The SOC stratification (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m) with accumulation of residue on surface was due to the concentration of SOC and fractions that decreased with depth. The gramineous crops were more efficient in biomass production with more C input into the soil. Triticale showed positive C balance in OC and in the easily degradable fraction (labile) and an increase in the residue decomposition rate. CC had a positive impact on the more stable C stock (recalcitrant OC) in the sub-superficial layer than in the superficial one. The gramineae input was evident in the superficial layer and the most stable OC fraction, was concentered in the sub-superficial layer. Organic soil fractioning by particle size have been shown to be useful indicators for detecting changes produced by management practices in most experiments. This study demonstrated that the effect of cover crops on SOC and the labile fraction in the upper soil layer was strongly related with the high residue production.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42746875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：