Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.045
Nada ElShaarawy
The world is currently undergoing rapid development in industrialization in various industries such as chemical industry, textile industry, nuclear power plant. They release effluents that contain harmful substances (U235, Cs137, and other compounds) that are released in the environment and cause contamination. Also, due to nuclear disaster such as Chernobyl and Fukushima large amount of radioactive substances was spread and cause harmful effects on living organisms and environment, so it is necessary to maintain and manage the disposal of radioactive waste by treating it with physical, chemical, biological methods for the management of radioactive waste. Microbial remediation is the best method and carried out by different mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, biotransformation, biosolubilization, bioprecipitation, chelation, and complexation.
{"title":"The Role of Microbes in Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes","authors":"Nada ElShaarawy","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.045","url":null,"abstract":"The world is currently undergoing rapid development in industrialization in various industries such as chemical industry, textile industry, nuclear power plant. They release effluents that contain harmful substances (U235, Cs137, and other compounds) that are released in the environment and cause contamination. Also, due to nuclear disaster such as Chernobyl and Fukushima large amount of radioactive substances was spread and cause harmful effects on living organisms and environment, so it is necessary to maintain and manage the disposal of radioactive waste by treating it with physical, chemical, biological methods for the management of radioactive waste. Microbial remediation is the best method and carried out by different mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, biotransformation, biosolubilization, bioprecipitation, chelation, and complexation.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.046
R. P. da Cruz, Lariza Leisla Leandro Nascimento, Nadilânia Oliveira da Silva, Murilo Felipe Felício, Márcia Jordana Ferreira Macêdo, José Aglailson Oliveira da Anunciação, Bárbara Fernandes Melo, Cicero dos Santos Leandro, Ademar Maia Filho, Fábio Caboclo Moreira, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, Damiana Gonçalves de Sousa Freitas, Dhenes Ferreira Antunes, Francisca Sâmara Muniz dos Santos, José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
This review addresses the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and fungi like Candida spp. Initially, various mechanisms of bacterial resistance are discussed, including antibiotic target modification and horizontal gene transfer. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance are explored, highlighting how these microorganisms adapt and survive antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, the challenges faced in the treatment of fungal infections, such as resistance to azoles and echinocandins among Candida species, are addressed. The review also discusses the importance of discovering new antifungal agents and strategies to overcome emerging resistance. It concludes that antimicrobial resistance remains a significant threat to global health, requiring innovative and coordinated approaches to tackle this growing problem.
{"title":"Microbial Resistance: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Challenges for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections","authors":"R. P. da Cruz, Lariza Leisla Leandro Nascimento, Nadilânia Oliveira da Silva, Murilo Felipe Felício, Márcia Jordana Ferreira Macêdo, José Aglailson Oliveira da Anunciação, Bárbara Fernandes Melo, Cicero dos Santos Leandro, Ademar Maia Filho, Fábio Caboclo Moreira, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, Damiana Gonçalves de Sousa Freitas, Dhenes Ferreira Antunes, Francisca Sâmara Muniz dos Santos, José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2024.05.046","url":null,"abstract":"This review addresses the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and fungi like Candida spp. Initially, various mechanisms of bacterial resistance are discussed, including antibiotic target modification and horizontal gene transfer. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance are explored, highlighting how these microorganisms adapt and survive antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, the challenges faced in the treatment of fungal infections, such as resistance to azoles and echinocandins among Candida species, are addressed. The review also discusses the importance of discovering new antifungal agents and strategies to overcome emerging resistance. It concludes that antimicrobial resistance remains a significant threat to global health, requiring innovative and coordinated approaches to tackle this growing problem.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are some common fungi found in the oral cavity. Epidemiological studies indicate higher risk for periodontal disease in smokers vis a vis non-smokers. The increased risk is proportional to the length and frequency of smoking. This is an important area of public health research. In our study we found fungi to be present significantly more in oral cavity of smokers as compared to non-smokers.
{"title":"Study of comparison of oral fungal flora of smokers vs non-smokers in a Metropolitan city","authors":"Shyam Sundar Tiwari, Atul Raj, Sayan Bhattacharyya, Abhirup Ganguli","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"There are some common fungi found in the oral cavity. Epidemiological studies indicate higher risk for periodontal disease in smokers vis a vis non-smokers. The increased risk is proportional to the length and frequency of smoking. This is an important area of public health research. In our study we found fungi to be present significantly more in oral cavity of smokers as compared to non-smokers.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.035
Svoa Microbiology, José Weverton Almeida - Bezerra, Welia Pereira De Araújo, Maria Hellena, Garcia Novais, Naiza Saraiva Farias, H. Douglas, Melo Coutinho, Marcos Aurélio Figuereido, dos Santos, M. A. D. Souza, Ademar Maia Filho, Jácia Santos, Oliveira Ramos, José Thyálisson da Costa, Jailson Renato, de Lima Silva, Amanda Maria Tavares Moreira, João Eudes, Lemos de Barros, Maria Flaviana, Bezerra Morais - Braga
In Brazil, the use of medicinal plants has been on the rise over the years, especially as an alternative for the treatment of diseases caused by fungal infections. Fungal infections have become a major public health problem, primarily due to the indiscriminate and prolonged use of antibiotics. In this context, among the various species of the Brazilian flora, an endemic species stands out, Caryocar coriaceum, popularly known as "pequi," is widely used in nutrition and is also employed by the population for medicinal purposes to treat infectious diseases. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, antifungal action of the medicinal oil from Caryocar coriaceum, test the combined effect with the drug Fluconazole, and finally determine the chemical constituents present in the oil of pequi fruits. Initially, the fruits of this species were subjected to boiling in broth microdilution, and the combined effect with Fluconazole was assessed at sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/8 MIC), followed by spectrophotometric readings used to determine the IC50. The C. coriaceum species is composed of four fatty acids, of which two were more prevalent, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The fixed oil showed low antifungal activity when evaluated individually for Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis strains, with IC50 values of 593.8 μg/mL, exhibiting greater modification for the standard drug with IC50 values for C. albicans at 16.07 μg/mL and C. tropicalis at 4.77 μg/mL. However, for the Candida krusei strain, the fixed oil exhibited more potent antifungal activity than Fluconazole at concentrations of 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, while Fluconazole had intensified activity at concentrations from 2 μg/mL up to 128 μg/mL. Regarding the potentiating action for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains, the oil associated with Fluconazole enhanced the antifungal effect with IC50 values of 0.02792 μg/mL for C. albicans, 0.09903 μg/mL for C. tropicalis, and 15.15 μg/mL for C. krusei. Thus, the oil contains promising compounds in its composition for the development of medications to treat infectious diseases.
{"title":"Does the Ethnomedicinal Use of Pequi Oil for the Treatment of Infections Reveal its Antifungal Potential?","authors":"Svoa Microbiology, José Weverton Almeida - Bezerra, Welia Pereira De Araújo, Maria Hellena, Garcia Novais, Naiza Saraiva Farias, H. Douglas, Melo Coutinho, Marcos Aurélio Figuereido, dos Santos, M. A. D. Souza, Ademar Maia Filho, Jácia Santos, Oliveira Ramos, José Thyálisson da Costa, Jailson Renato, de Lima Silva, Amanda Maria Tavares Moreira, João Eudes, Lemos de Barros, Maria Flaviana, Bezerra Morais - Braga","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"In Brazil, the use of medicinal plants has been on the rise over the years, especially as an alternative for the treatment of diseases caused by fungal infections. Fungal infections have become a major public health problem, primarily due to the indiscriminate and prolonged use of antibiotics. In this context, among the various species of the Brazilian flora, an endemic species stands out, Caryocar coriaceum, popularly known as \"pequi,\" is widely used in nutrition and is also employed by the population for medicinal purposes to treat infectious diseases. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, antifungal action of the medicinal oil from Caryocar coriaceum, test the combined effect with the drug Fluconazole, and finally determine the chemical constituents present in the oil of pequi fruits. Initially, the fruits of this species were subjected to boiling in broth microdilution, and the combined effect with Fluconazole was assessed at sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/8 MIC), followed by spectrophotometric readings used to determine the IC50. The C. coriaceum species is composed of four fatty acids, of which two were more prevalent, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The fixed oil showed low antifungal activity when evaluated individually for Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis strains, with IC50 values of 593.8 μg/mL, exhibiting greater modification for the standard drug with IC50 values for C. albicans at 16.07 μg/mL and C. tropicalis at 4.77 μg/mL. However, for the Candida krusei strain, the fixed oil exhibited more potent antifungal activity than Fluconazole at concentrations of 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, while Fluconazole had intensified activity at concentrations from 2 μg/mL up to 128 μg/mL. Regarding the potentiating action for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains, the oil associated with Fluconazole enhanced the antifungal effect with IC50 values of 0.02792 μg/mL for C. albicans, 0.09903 μg/mL for C. tropicalis, and 15.15 μg/mL for C. krusei. Thus, the oil contains promising compounds in its composition for the development of medications to treat infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"109 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.030
R. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, S. Sikdar, A. Chowdhury, Debolina Bhattacharjee, Titlee Majumder, Nilanjan Mitra, Bithika Pramanik, B. Das, R. Ghosh
The coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive sense single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus that first appeared in China and has spread throughout the world since late 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a mild to severe respiratory infection that affects not just the lungs but also pancreas and other endocrine glands, as well as responsible for ischemic stroke and sexual dysfunctions. Serum pro-calcitonin (PCT) levels have been linked to the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in several investigations. According to our studies, high PCT levels are linked to a greater risk of severe COVID-19 infection in patients, as well as its involvement and role in a COVID-19 infected cancer survivor. This is the first study we are aware of from India that shows COVID-19 infected people should have regular PCT screening may help clinicians to plan intensive care unit (ICU) placement and detect any recurrence of past illness if any.
{"title":"Impact of Serum Pro-calcitonin Level Among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: Emphasizing on A Medullary Thyroid Cancer Survivor in Kolkata, India","authors":"R. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, S. Sikdar, A. Chowdhury, Debolina Bhattacharjee, Titlee Majumder, Nilanjan Mitra, Bithika Pramanik, B. Das, R. Ghosh","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive sense single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus that first appeared in China and has spread throughout the world since late 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a mild to severe respiratory infection that affects not just the lungs but also pancreas and other endocrine glands, as well as responsible for ischemic stroke and sexual dysfunctions. Serum pro-calcitonin (PCT) levels have been linked to the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in several investigations. According to our studies, high PCT levels are linked to a greater risk of severe COVID-19 infection in patients, as well as its involvement and role in a COVID-19 infected cancer survivor. This is the first study we are aware of from India that shows COVID-19 infected people should have regular PCT screening may help clinicians to plan intensive care unit (ICU) placement and detect any recurrence of past illness if any.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129746318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.029
Biswas M, Bhattacharyya S, B. A, Jilani G Md
Biofilms are produced by many uropathogens and they render the drugs ineffective even if antibiotics are effective against the big in vivo. In this study we evaluated the biofilm forming potential of the uropathogenic bacteria by the test tube method and compared 2 new methods with it, which were the glass Petri dish method and glass slide method. We found that the glass petri dish method was as good as, if not better than Test tube method to detect biofilms in uropathogenic bacteria. The slide method was neither very sensitive specific. Also, biofilms in test tube method could be observed microscopically. So these can be explored further by researchers later on.
{"title":"Evaluation of New Glass Slide and Petri Dish Methods of Biofilm Testing in Uropathogenic Bacteria and Their Comparison with Test-Tube Method","authors":"Biswas M, Bhattacharyya S, B. A, Jilani G Md","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms are produced by many uropathogens and they render the drugs ineffective even if antibiotics are effective against the big in vivo. In this study we evaluated the biofilm forming potential of the uropathogenic bacteria by the test tube method and compared 2 new methods with it, which were the glass Petri dish method and glass slide method. We found that the glass petri dish method was as good as, if not better than Test tube method to detect biofilms in uropathogenic bacteria. The slide method was neither very sensitive specific. Also, biofilms in test tube method could be observed microscopically. So these can be explored further by researchers later on.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131061364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.028
C. Rodriguez
The state of Guanajuato in Mexico is known for its large production of vegetables not only for the local and national market, but also for the international market, especially the North American market, to which it exports mainly species such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), among other products. In this sense, one of the organizations located in the municipality of Dolores Hidalgo, C. I. N., in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, has a safety management system in accordance with the PrimusGFS system guidelines, which is recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) and is therefore recognized worldwide (GFSI, 2022). Within this food safety scheme, a microbiological environmental monitoring program is required as a preventive control to avoid contamination of pathogenic microorganisms to the product from surfaces in direct contact as well as those that are not in direct contact but are part of the production environment. In environmental microbiological assessment, the zone concept is widely used and represents the basis for assessments accepted by international public health and food microbiology bodies such as the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, ICMSF.
墨西哥瓜纳华托州以其大量的蔬菜生产而闻名，不仅为当地和全国市场，而且为国际市场，特别是北美市场，它主要向北美市场出口西兰花(Brassica oleracea var. Italica)等产品。从这个意义上说，位于墨西哥瓜纳华托州的多洛雷斯伊达尔戈市的一个组织拥有符合PrimusGFS系统指南的安全管理体系，该体系得到了全球食品安全倡议(GFSI)的认可，因此得到了全球认可(GFSI, 2022)。在该食品安全方案中，需要微生物环境监测程序作为预防控制，以避免直接接触的表面以及不直接接触但属于生产环境一部分的表面对产品的病原微生物污染。在环境微生物学评价中，区域概念被广泛使用，是国际公共卫生和食品微生物学机构(如国际食品微生物规范委员会)所接受的评价基础。
{"title":"Environmental Monitoring Program in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Packing Plant Guanajuato, Mexico","authors":"C. Rodriguez","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"The state of Guanajuato in Mexico is known for its large production of vegetables not only for the local and national market, but also for the international market, especially the North American market, to which it exports mainly species such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), among other products. In this sense, one of the organizations located in the municipality of Dolores Hidalgo, C. I. N., in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, has a safety management system in accordance with the PrimusGFS system guidelines, which is recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) and is therefore recognized worldwide (GFSI, 2022). Within this food safety scheme, a microbiological environmental monitoring program is required as a preventive control to avoid contamination of pathogenic microorganisms to the product from surfaces in direct contact as well as those that are not in direct contact but are part of the production environment. In environmental microbiological assessment, the zone concept is widely used and represents the basis for assessments accepted by international public health and food microbiology bodies such as the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, ICMSF.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.026
Úrsula-Eva EñesoEfuá, Carlos Javier Ciria Gil, Agustín Benito Llanes, Fátima Patabobe, P. Owono, S. H. León
Among the various aetiological agents causing acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD), the heterogeneous group of different pathotypes of Escherichia coli continues to be responsible for a high percentage of cases, especially in children under 5 years of age in middle and low-income countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. The aim of the present study was to identify the main pathotypes of E. coli associated with ADD in patients in the two main hospitals on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (November 2011-April 2012). A total of 716 clinical samples were analysed, 496 samples from patients with symptomatology compatible with ADD (symptomatic) and 220 from patients without symptomatology compatible with ADD (asymptomatic). Of the samples from symptomatic patients, 41.53% were positive for a diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotype while only 1.36% of asymptomatic patients were positive for a diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotype. The most affected age group was children aged 0-4 years (37%). The ECD groups identified in symptomatic patients were: 22.98% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC); 9.68% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); 6.45% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 2.42% enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). In asymptomatic patients, only three cases of ECD due to ECEA (0.90%) and ECEP (0.45%) were detected. In our study no verotoxigenic E. coli pathotype was detected in a single case. The results suggest that EAEC, ETEC, EPEC and EIEC pathotypes are important aetiological agents of ADD on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. The results highlight the need to develop appropriate diagnostic methods for this group of pathogens. Improved diagnostic capacity coupled with implementation of prevention and control measures could help reduce the number of ADD caused by DEC in Equatorial Guinea.
{"title":"Diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Associated Virulence Factors on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea","authors":"Úrsula-Eva EñesoEfuá, Carlos Javier Ciria Gil, Agustín Benito Llanes, Fátima Patabobe, P. Owono, S. H. León","doi":"10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"Among the various aetiological agents causing acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD), the heterogeneous group of different pathotypes of Escherichia coli continues to be responsible for a high percentage of cases, especially in children under 5 years of age in middle and low-income countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. The aim of the present study was to identify the main pathotypes of E. coli associated with ADD in patients in the two main hospitals on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (November 2011-April 2012). A total of 716 clinical samples were analysed, 496 samples from patients with symptomatology compatible with ADD (symptomatic) and 220 from patients without symptomatology compatible with ADD (asymptomatic). Of the samples from symptomatic patients, 41.53% were positive for a diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotype while only 1.36% of asymptomatic patients were positive for a diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotype. The most affected age group was children aged 0-4 years (37%). The ECD groups identified in symptomatic patients were: 22.98% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC); 9.68% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); 6.45% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 2.42% enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). In asymptomatic patients, only three cases of ECD due to ECEA (0.90%) and ECEP (0.45%) were detected. In our study no verotoxigenic E. coli pathotype was detected in a single case. The results suggest that EAEC, ETEC, EPEC and EIEC pathotypes are important aetiological agents of ADD on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. The results highlight the need to develop appropriate diagnostic methods for this group of pathogens. Improved diagnostic capacity coupled with implementation of prevention and control measures could help reduce the number of ADD caused by DEC in Equatorial Guinea.","PeriodicalId":435094,"journal":{"name":"SVOA Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.58624/svoamb.2023.04.025
Sograb M. M. A, El Sanousi S. M
The study principally aimed at evaluating different additives to the culture medium for the recovery of cold-shocked bacteria isolated from chilled carcasses. Sixty randomly selected beef carcasses were assigned for investigation from which 630 swabs were collected for assessment of microbiological contamination of carcasses during the processes after skinning and evisceration, along the washing to the chilling stage. Obtained results were analysed by statistical package (SAS 2000, version 9.0) and revealed bacterial counts decreased significantly (p≤0.05) from skinning to chilling (3.67±0.0 to 1.23±0.10, p≤0.01). The predominant bacteria isolated from the carcasses were Staphylococcus spp. followed by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. To test for recovery of cold-shocked bacteria, the bacterial load as CFU was evaluated after treatments with catalase, pyruvate and their combination. The CFU of samples from chilled carcasses increased after treatment with catalase and pyruvate (1.23±0.52 vs. 2.54±0.12 and 2.42±0.33, respectively; p≤0.05). The results showed that catalase treatment has induced higher bacterial recovery compared to pyruvate alone or the combination of pyruvate and catalase, but the bacteria died when the concentration of catalase and pyruvate was increased. Addition of catalase or pyruvate to plate count agar medium gives true estimates of the bacterial load of chilled carcasses and other cold foods.
本研究的主要目的是评价培养基中不同添加剂对从冷冻尸体中分离的冷休克细菌的恢复作用。随机选择60具牛肉尸体进行调查，其中收集了630份拭子，用于评估剥皮和内脏取出后以及清洗到冷却阶段过程中尸体的微生物污染情况。采用统计软件包(SAS 2000, version 9.0)对所得结果进行分析，结果显示，从剥皮到冷却，细菌计数明显减少(p≤0.05)(3.67±0.0 ~ 1.23±0.10,p≤0.01)。以葡萄球菌为优势菌群，其次为肠杆菌科菌群和假单胞菌群。采用过氧化氢酶、丙酮酸及其联合处理后的细菌负荷作为CFU检测冷休克菌的恢复情况。过氧化氢酶和丙酮酸处理后，冷冻胴体CFU分别为1.23±0.52比2.54±0.12和2.42±0.33;p≤0.05)。结果表明，过氧化氢酶处理的细菌回收率高于丙酮酸单独处理或丙酮酸与过氧化氢酶联合处理，但随着过氧化氢酶和丙酮酸浓度的增加，细菌死亡。在平板计数琼脂培养基中加入过氧化氢酶或丙酮酸盐，可以准确估计冷藏尸体和其他冷藏食物的细菌负荷。
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