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Methods of Political Influence of Weak Interests Using the Example of the Reform Process of the Bundesteilhabegesetz (Federal Participation Act) 弱势利益集团的政治影响方法——以《联邦参与法》改革进程为例
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00073-2
Laura Schultz
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引用次数: 0
Policing divided societies. Requirements for the civic education of police officers 管理分裂的社会。警务人员的公民教育要求
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1108/jcrpp-09-2022-0047
Bernhard Frevel, Philipp Kuschewski
PurposeThe demands on the police to ensure security and order have increased in times of growing right-wing extremism, corona protests and widespread criticism of and dissatisfaction with democratic structures and processes. Protection, escort or even confrontation in the course of public demonstrations and protests as well as the protection, e.g. of politicians, synagogues or mosques requires additional deployment of the police and poses extended challenges. However, the police force itself also faces various problems with antidemocratic, violent or extremist police officers. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate why and how civic education of police officers can be a cornerstone to respond to the described challenges and improve democratic policing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes how civic education can be organized in police training and further education and how it can be designed in cooperation with civil society actors. It is based on a research and development project conducted between 2016 and 2021 under the title “Civic Education and Police.”FindingsCivic education can or could be an approach in sensitizing police officers to social conflicts and in better understanding the background and reasons for their deployment. Moreover, civic education can be helpful in preventing abuse of power and police violence, reducing negative aspects of esprit de corps and strengthening police legitimacy.Practical implicationsCivic education of police officers can help to understand conflicts and social tensions, strengthen the understanding of the society, improve police investigation, reduce misbehavior and support legitimacy in the democratic state.Originality/valueThe article uses findings from the project Civic Education and Police, which was funded by the Federal Agency for Civic Education between 2016 and 2021. Project partners were the German Police University and the University of Applied Sciences for Police and Public Administration in North Rhine-Westphalia. The project conducted empirical studies on the supply and demand structure of civic education for and in the police. In addition, a database of educational concepts, a series of conferences and a new journal for conference documentation, research and special issues were launched.
在右翼极端主义、冠状病毒式抗议以及对民主结构和进程的广泛批评和不满日益加剧的时期,对警察确保安全和秩序的要求有所增加。在公众示威和抗议过程中,保护、护送甚至对抗,以及保护政治家、犹太教堂或清真寺等,都需要部署更多的警察,并带来长期挑战。然而,警察部队本身也面临着反民主、暴力或极端主义警察的各种问题。本文的目的是阐述警察的公民教育为什么以及如何成为应对上述挑战和改善民主警务的基石。设计/方法/方法本文描述了如何在警察培训和继续教育中组织公民教育,以及如何与民间社会行动者合作设计公民教育。这是以2016年至2021年以“公民教育和警察”为主题进行的研究开发项目为基础。发现公民教育可以或可能是一种方法,使警察对社会冲突敏感,并更好地了解他们部署的背景和原因。此外,公民教育有助于防止滥用权力和警察暴力,减少团队精神的消极方面,并加强警察的合法性。对警察进行公民教育有助于理解冲突和社会紧张局势,加强对社会的理解,提高警察调查水平,减少不当行为,支持民主国家的合法性。本文采用了公民教育和警察项目的研究结果,该项目由联邦公民教育局在2016年至2021年期间资助。项目伙伴是德国警察大学和北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚警察和公共行政应用科学大学。该项目对警察和警察公民教育的供求结构进行了实证研究。此外,还开办了一个教育概念数据库、一系列会议和一本载有会议文件、研究和专题的新杂志。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the relationship between psychopathy and criminal thinking: utilising the Tri-PM within a forensic sample 探索精神病和犯罪思维之间的关系:在法医样本中利用三pm
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1108/jcrpp-05-2022-0021
Shannon DeBlasio, D. Mojtahedi
PurposeThe Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (Tri-PM) was developed in 2010 as an alternative approach to the assessment of psychopathy. The measure aims to capture psychopathic traits on a 3-factor model, which encompass the characteristics established in previous measures, as well as those evidenced within practise. Though support for the tool in academic research is growing, less is known about the scale’s utility within crime forensic settings. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between the Tri-PM psychopathy constructs and criminal cognition within a forensic sample.Design/methodology/approachSeventy-three adult male offenders, convicted for acquisitive or sexual crimes, from a Category B prison within the Northwest of England completed questionnaires measuring their criminal backgrounds, psychopathy traits (Tri-PM; Patrick, 2010) and criminal thinking styles (Psychology Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles; Walters, 2001).FindingsThe Tri-PM measurement proved to be a successful predictor of most criminal thinking styles. Moreover, the meanness construct was the strongest predictor of proactive thinking styles, whereas the disinhibition construct was the strongest predictor of reactive thinking styles, and the boldness construct was negatively associated with reactive thinking. Comparisons among offender groups also indicated that acquisitive offenders reported higher scores of psychopathy and criminal thinking.Originality/valueThis study offers valuable insight into the proposed relationship between psychopathy and criminal thinking, using a recent addition to the repertoire of psychopathy measurements, the Tri-PM. This study also offers practical implications for those offering treatment within forensic settings, with significant relationships identified between the highly scoring psychopathy constructs and various criminal thinking styles.
目的:三元精神病量表(Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Tri-PM)于2010年开发,作为精神病评估的替代方法。该措施的目的是在一个三因素模型上捕捉精神病特征,该模型包括在以前的措施中建立的特征,以及在实践中证明的特征。尽管在学术研究中对该工具的支持越来越多,但人们对该量表在犯罪法医环境中的效用知之甚少。因此,本研究旨在探讨在法医样本中,三pm精神病构念与犯罪认知之间的关系。设计/方法/方法来自英格兰西北部B类监狱的73名成年男性罪犯,被判犯有掠取或性犯罪,他们完成了一份调查问卷,测量他们的犯罪背景、精神病特征(trii - pm;Patrick, 2010)和犯罪思维风格(犯罪思维风格心理学量表;沃尔特斯,2001)。研究结果三- pm测量被证明是大多数犯罪思维方式的成功预测者。此外,均势构念对主动性思维方式的预测作用最强,去抑制构念对反应性思维方式的预测作用最强,大胆构念对反应性思维方式的预测作用最强。罪犯群体之间的比较也表明,贪得无厌的罪犯在精神变态和犯罪思维方面得分更高。原创性/价值本研究使用了最近增加的精神病测量库,即Tri-PM,为精神病和犯罪思维之间的关系提供了有价值的见解。这项研究也为那些在法医环境中提供治疗的人提供了实际意义,在高得分的精神病构建和各种犯罪思维风格之间确定了显著的关系。
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引用次数: 3
Policing the pandemic in Australia and New Zealand: lessons for trust and legitimacy 在澳大利亚和新西兰监管疫情:信任和合法性的教训
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1108/jcrpp-10-2022-0050
Nicholas Evans
PurposeThis paper aims to assess COVID-19 as presenting both a crisis and opportunity for police trust and legitimacy by considering the role of police in delivering the legislative requirements of government and enforcing various health orders across Australia and New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachThe research relies on a mixed-methods analysis of national, commonwealth, state and territory policy, corporate police reports, academic commentary and media coverage throughout the pandemic. Survey data gathered during the pandemic relevant to trust and legitimacy in police and government is also analysed.FindingsFive findings relating to police trust and legitimacy are identified. They reveal that police mostly did seize the pandemic as an opportunity to implement practices that enhanced perceptions of trust and legitimacy. However, even where police were able to leverage COVID-19 as an opportunity, the protracted nature of the pandemic posed a challenge for maintaining trust and legitimacy gains. The findings also underscore the importance of a continued focus on building trust and legitimacy post-pandemic to counter any lingering consequences.Research limitations/implicationsThe applicability of the findings outside the Australian and New Zealand context may be limited, given differences in jurisdictional legislative frameworks and policing operational environments.Practical implicationsThis study identifies good community engagement practice for pandemic policing, contributes to communication strategies for managing trust decay during an emergency, forecasts ongoing trust and legitimacy challenges to policing’s post-pandemic operational environment and enhances aspects of post-pandemic recruitment approaches.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to emerging police practice and research on building and sustaining trust and legitimacy during periods of uncertainty and volatility, such as during and after a pandemic.
本文旨在通过考虑警察在履行政府立法要求和执行澳大利亚和新西兰各地各种卫生命令方面的作用,评估COVID-19对警察信任和合法性的危机和机遇。设计/方法/方法该研究依赖于对整个大流行期间的国家、联邦、州和地区政策、公司警察报告、学术评论和媒体报道的混合方法分析。还分析了大流行期间收集的与警察和政府的信任和合法性有关的调查数据。调查结果确定了与警察信任和合法性有关的五项调查结果。它们表明,警方大多确实抓住了疫情的机会,实施了增强信任度和合法性的做法。然而,即使警察能够利用COVID-19作为一个机会,大流行的长期性也对维持信任和合法性带来了挑战。调查结果还强调了在大流行后继续注重建立信任和合法性以应对任何挥之不去的后果的重要性。研究限制/影响考虑到司法管辖区立法框架和警务操作环境的差异,研究结果在澳大利亚和新西兰以外的适用性可能有限。实际意义本研究确定了流行病警务的良好社区参与做法,有助于制定紧急情况下管理信任衰退的沟通战略,预测流行病后警务业务环境面临的持续信任和合法性挑战,并加强流行病后招聘方法的各个方面。原创性/价值这些调查结果有助于在不确定和动荡时期(例如在大流行期间和之后)建立和维持信任和合法性的新兴警察实践和研究。
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引用次数: 1
Police emergency: career survivability navigating trauma, the impacts of COVID-19 and mental illness for police 警察紧急情况:职业生存能力导航创伤,COVID-19和精神疾病对警察的影响
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1108/jcrpp-10-2022-0049
A. McKinley, Samantha Jones
PurposeThis study aims to view police mental and physical health and overall well-being through a victimological lens so as to attempt to prevent problems from starting or protecting them by informing them of what may occur within their career.Design/methodology/approachKnowledge production within the field of police health and career implications is exponentially increasing as officers all over the world try and sometimes fail to navigate the difficulties of their complex career choice. Many of the disciplines that deal with this research are acting as silos, so there is not a lot of crossover in Australian literature. This study creates a contemporary collective of literary evidence in relation to police well-being as well as the impact of COVID on them. Creating this collective is why the literature review as a research method is critical. Traditional literature reviews can lack clear process. By using a literature review as a specific methodology, the outcome is a meticulous record of all relevant materials.FindingsThe results of this literature review identified, without bias or interpretation, many officers became disillusioned, mentally unwell and took time away from work for two main reasons: (1) for many police officers, the substantial distress from cumulative exposure to bureaucratic administration and management styles, erratic work hours and long hours of repetitive work and (2) the dangers of day-to-day policing with the presence at fatal accidents, suicides, receiving threats to life, being assaulted and gaining poor eating and drinking habits creating issues for sleep and physical health.Research limitations/implicationsFor the purposes of creating a contemporary paper, the authors restricted the sample of literature to 22 years (accessing from 2,000 onward). By only selecting journals from Google Scholar, relating to specific years and drawing on search terms to limit our search, it may be perceived to have skewed the sample and the outcomes. Further work will be completed in the future to correct this.Practical implicationsPolice organisations may consider altering their bureaucratic procedures and make an effort to allow officers to better self-manage minor issues. From a victimological perspective, given that police officers are more than likely to be affected by cumulative experience of traumatic events over their career, they should be taught how to lower their individual levels of stress, to practice self-care and to be able to trust that the care they seek will be readily available without judgement.Social implicationsKnowing the triggers related to police breakdown, both physically and mentally, may help intervene in the early years to prevent The extremes of policing range from being faced with overwhelming paperwork and administration to acute trauma events and can leave the officer dealing with cumulative stress in all its guises. Allowing a judgment free public debate into this issue will assist
目的本研究旨在从受害者的角度看待警察的身心健康和整体幸福感,试图通过告知他们职业生涯中可能发生的事情来防止问题的发生或保护他们。设计/方法/方法警察健康和职业影响领域的知识生产呈指数级增长,因为世界各地的警察都试图解决他们复杂的职业选择中的困难,有时甚至失败。许多涉及这项研究的学科都是孤立的,因此澳大利亚文学中没有太多的交叉。这项研究创造了一组与警察福祉以及新冠肺炎对他们的影响有关的当代文学证据。创建这个集体是为什么文献综述作为一种研究方法是至关重要的。传统的文献综述可能缺乏清晰的过程。通过使用文献综述作为一种特定的方法,结果是对所有相关材料进行了细致的记录。调查结果这篇文献综述的结果表明,在没有偏见或解释的情况下,许多警察变得幻灭、精神不适并请假,主要原因有两个:(1)对许多警察来说,累积接触官僚行政和管理风格带来的巨大痛苦,不稳定的工作时间和长时间的重复性工作,以及(2)日常治安的危险,包括致命事故、自杀、受到生命威胁、遭到袭击以及养成不良的饮食习惯,这些都会给睡眠和身体健康带来问题。研究局限性/含义为了撰写一篇当代论文,作者将文献样本限制在22年内(从2000年起访问)。通过只从谷歌学者中选择与特定年份相关的期刊,并利用搜索词来限制我们的搜索,可能会被认为扭曲了样本和结果。今后将完成进一步的工作来纠正这一问题。实际含义警察组织可能会考虑改变其官僚程序,并努力让警察更好地自我管理小问题。从受害者的角度来看,鉴于警察在其职业生涯中极有可能受到创伤事件累积经历的影响,应教会他们如何降低个人压力水平,进行自我护理,并能够相信他们所寻求的护理将在没有判断的情况下随时可用。社会影响了解与警察崩溃有关的触发因素,无论是身体上还是精神上,都可能有助于在早年进行干预,以防止警察的极端行为,从面临繁重的文书工作和行政管理到严重的创伤事件,都可能使警察面临各种形式的累积压力。允许对这一问题进行不受评判的公开辩论将有助于警方(以及其他应急服务工作)在未来的工作。独创性/价值观将警察视为职业选择的受害者并不常见,审查日常和整个职业生涯中影响他们的因素对预防和理解至关重要。这篇论文对许多学科都有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual Identities and Political Protesting Among Social Work Students 社工学生的性别认同与政治抗议
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00070-5
Brittanie Atteberry-Ash, E. Swank, J. Williams
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引用次数: 2
Valuing volunteers: emerging trends in the training of Volunteer Police Cadet Leaders 重视义工:培训志愿警察学员领袖的新趋势
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1108/jcrpp-06-2022-0022
I. Pepper, C. Rogers
PurposeThis paper aims to consider the training provided to Volunteer Police Cadet (VPC) Leaders in police forces across England and Wales who, as part of the wider policing volunteer family, lead organised youth development activities for uniformed police cadets.Design/methodology/approachAn online ethically approved questionnaire was administered to volunteer leaders across six VPC schemes hosted by police forces in England and Wales. The sample population being selected due to their geographical spread across both nations, along with the similarities of their VPC schemes. The questionnaire collected demographic information of respondents, then used a blend of closed questions. Likert scales and free text boxes to explore attitudes.FindingsThe training for the volunteer leaders seems to focus on the mandated elements provided to protect the cadets from harm and also the organisation from litigation. With little development of additional knowledge, skills and behaviours (and in some cases required qualifications) to enhance the service and opportunities delivered to the young people by the volunteers.Research limitations/implicationsDue in part to the limited response rate, this research cannot claim to be representative of all individuals engaged in this voluntary role; it does however provide insights into the training of such volunteers.Practical implicationsThe research informs the decision makers of how the training of volunteer cadet leaders within forces seems to focus on the completion of the mandatory elements, with little further development of the volunteers to deliver both varied and challenging activities for the cadets.Originality/valueThe research provides an insight for decision makers on how the training of volunteer cadet leaders within forces seems to focus on the mandatory elements, with few opportunities for further development of volunteer leaders to deliver new, varied and challenging activities for the cadets.
目的本文旨在考虑为英格兰和威尔士警察部队的志愿警察学员(VPC)领导提供的培训,他们作为更广泛的警务志愿者家庭的一部分,领导有组织的军警学员青年发展活动。设计/方法/方法向英格兰和威尔士警察部队主办的六个VPC计划的志愿者领导者发放了一份经道德批准的在线问卷。之所以选择样本人群,是因为他们在两国的地理分布,以及他们VPC计划的相似性。调查问卷收集了受访者的人口统计信息,然后使用了封闭式问题。Likert量表和免费文本框来探索态度。发现对志愿者领导者的培训似乎侧重于为保护学员免受伤害和组织免受诉讼而提供的强制性要素。几乎没有发展出额外的知识、技能和行为(在某些情况下还需要具备资格)来加强志愿者为年轻人提供的服务和机会。研究局限性/含义部分由于反应率有限,本研究不能声称代表所有参与这一自愿角色的个人;然而,它确实为这些志愿者的培训提供了见解。实际含义该研究告知决策者,部队内志愿学员领导者的培训似乎侧重于完成强制性要素,而志愿者几乎没有得到进一步发展,无法为学员提供多样化和具有挑战性的活动。独创性/价值该研究为决策者提供了一个见解,即部队内志愿学员领导者的培训似乎侧重于强制性要素,而很少有机会进一步培养志愿领导者,为学员提供新的、多样化的和具有挑战性的活动。
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引用次数: 0
“Piecemeal” Advocacy, Radical Accomplishments: Adding Normatizing to the Advocacy Toolbox “零敲碎打”的倡导,激进的成就:将规范化加入倡导工具箱
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00072-3
Ezra Temko
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引用次数: 1
Examining the Impact of Social Media Use, Political Interest, and Canvassing on Political Participation of the American Public During the 2020 Presidential Campaigns 研究社交媒体使用、政治兴趣和拉票对2020年总统竞选期间美国公众政治参与的影响
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00071-4
Janaki Santhiveeran, Meghan Orr
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引用次数: 0
Whither Political Social Work? 政治社会工作向何处去?
IF 0.5 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42972-022-00075-0
C. E. Lewis
{"title":"Whither Political Social Work?","authors":"C. E. Lewis","doi":"10.1007/s42972-022-00075-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42972-022-00075-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice
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