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Timber and time: The Vyne roofs 木材和时间:Vyne屋顶
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120720
Brigid Geist
SUMMARY While the social and building history of the manor house known as The Vyne are well documented, much less is known about the historic roof structures, and the carpentry and construction techniques used there. Archaeological recording and analysis, including tree-ring dating, of the main areas of the roof complex revealed phases of development, together with features and construction techniques of particular interest. Elements of the early 16th-century roofs survive and demonstrate advances in building techniques and quality of materials. The reuse of early oak timber in later roofs contributes to our knowledge of the earlier buildings on the site and available timber resources.
摘要虽然被称为the Vyne的庄园的社会和建筑历史有很好的记录,但人们对历史悠久的屋顶结构以及那里使用的木工和建筑技术知之甚少。对屋顶建筑群主要区域的考古记录和分析,包括树木年轮年代测定,揭示了其发展阶段,以及特别令人感兴趣的特征和施工技术。16世纪早期屋顶的元素得以幸存,并展示了建筑技术和材料质量的进步。早期橡木在后期屋顶中的再利用有助于我们了解现场早期建筑和可用木材资源。
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引用次数: 0
Report of the Portable Antiquities Scheme 2020 2020年流动古物计划报告
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2139516
Ian Richardson, Stuart Wyatt
The work of the British Museum’s and National Museum Wales’ Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has been highlighted in this journal since 2005 and an introduction to the organization and its work can be found in previous reports. In 2020 10,838 objects dating to the post-medieval and modern periods were recorded by the PAS in 8,384 records. This represents 22% of all objects recorded and 26% of all records created. Following the convention of earlier reports, the major functional categories (by numbers of objects recorded) were currency (coins and tokens) (40%), dress accessories (22%), trade equipment (8%), arms and armour (5%), entertainment and leisure (5%), household fittings (4%), vessels (4%), animal equipment (3%), and tools and utensils (2%). The number of recorded objects and records are fairly significantly lower than in recent years because of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The vast majority of finds recorded with the PAS are made through metal-detecting (89% of all finds in 2020), an activity which was restricted and virtually banned during the several periods of national lockdown in England and Wales. Moreover, from March 2020 most Finds Liaison Officers (FLO) and their volunteers, who create the lions’ share of PAS database records, were working from home and had little or no opportunity to meet finders in person. In the circumstances it is remarkable that so many objects were recorded. In the year 2000, post-medieval objects and coins comprised 25.25% of all Treasure finds (see Treasure Annual Report 2000), while in 2020 preliminary statistics show they comprised 36.77% of all Treasure finds. In addition to the global COVID-19 crisis, another major theme in 2020 was the growing awareness of entrenched and sometimes unconscious bias against ethnic minorities in Western democracies. This was brought to a head by the shocking murder of George Floyd in the United States and the subsequent protests and demonstrations organised by groups like Black Lives Matter. It caused many institutions, including the PAS, to reflect on issues of diversity and awareness, in terms of the makeup of its staff and the audience it engages with, and also in the language and content of its online records. The PAS now has a Diversity Working Group which seeks to address these issues. The following are a small selection of post-medieval finds discovered in 2020 and recorded with the PAS.
自2005年以来,大英博物馆和威尔士国家博物馆的便携式文物计划(PAS)的工作一直在本期刊上重点介绍,该组织及其工作的介绍可以在以前的报告中找到。2020年,PAS在8384份记录中记录了10838件可追溯到后中世纪和现代时期的物品。这代表了记录的所有对象的22%和创建的所有记录的26%。根据早期报告的惯例,主要功能类别(按记录的物品数量)是货币(硬币和代币)(40%)、服装配件(22%)、贸易设备(8%)、武器和盔甲(5%)、娱乐和休闲(5%),家用配件(4%)、器皿(4%),动物设备(3%)以及工具和用具(2%)。由于新冠肺炎大流行的影响,记录的物体和记录的数量明显低于近年来。PAS记录的绝大多数发现都是通过金属探测完成的(2020年占所有发现的89%),在英格兰和威尔士的几次全国封锁期间,这一活动受到限制,实际上被禁止。此外,从2020年3月起,大多数发现联络官(FLO)和他们的志愿者都在家工作,几乎没有机会亲自见到发现者。在这种情况下,如此多的物体被记录下来是值得注意的。2000年,后中世纪的物品和硬币占所有宝藏发现物的25.25%(见2000年宝藏年度报告),而2020年的初步统计数据显示,它们占所有宝藏找到物的36.77%。除了全球新冠肺炎危机,2020年的另一个主要主题是,人们越来越意识到西方民主国家对少数民族根深蒂固、有时是无意识的偏见。乔治·弗洛伊德在美国被令人震惊的谋杀,以及随后由“黑人的命也是命”等组织的抗议和示威活动,使这一点达到了顶点。它促使包括PAS在内的许多机构反思多样性和意识问题,反思其工作人员和受众的构成,以及在线记录的语言和内容。PAS现在有一个多元化工作组,致力于解决这些问题。以下是2020年发现并由PAS记录的后中世纪发现物的一小部分。
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引用次数: 1
Whitfield’s gun shop: contents of a 19th-century gunsmith’s shop 惠特菲尔德的枪店:19世纪的枪匠店
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120714
E. Harris, Daniel J. Leahy
SUMMARY On 7 November 1864, George Whitfield, Australia’s most prominent gunsmith, was shot and killed in front of his King Street shop in Sydney by his competitor, Patrick McGlinn. Whitfield’s goods-in-trade were auctioned off and the remaining contents of the gun shop were discarded down an abandoned stone-lined well at the back of the property, which was excavated in 2010. The gun parts, ammunition and tools recovered from the well present a picture of a gunsmith’s workshop in colonial New South Wales. This artefact collection represents one of the first archaeological investigations of the gunsmithing trade in Australia.
1864年11月7日,澳大利亚最著名的枪匠乔治·惠特菲尔德在他位于悉尼国王街的店铺前被他的竞争对手帕特里克·麦格林枪杀。惠特菲尔德的交易物品被拍卖,枪支店的剩余物品被丢弃在房产后面的一个废弃的石砌井里,该井于2010年被挖掘出来。从井中发现的枪支零件、弹药和工具,展现了新南威尔士州殖民地时期一个枪械匠的车间。这个人工制品收藏代表了澳大利亚枪支制造贸易的首批考古调查之一。
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引用次数: 0
Monstrous things: horror, othering, and the Anthropocene 怪异的事物:恐怖、另类和人类世
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120709
Geneviève Godin
SUMMARY This article approaches the masses of discarded things washed ashore and roaming waterways as the new monsters of the Anthropocene. It explores the ways in which monstrosity and archaeology intersect, and how the genre of horror simultaneously emerges from and informs the current epoch. As they embark on their post-abandonment journey, things’ immense scale, spread, and refusal to serve as proxies for human narratives result in the impossibility of fully grasping and making sense of them. Combining archaeological approaches and queer theory, this article attempts to get to the heart of the inevitable, complex entanglements between people and monstrous Others.
这篇文章将大量被冲上岸的废弃物品和漫游的水道视为人类世的新怪物。它探讨了怪物和考古学的交叉方式,以及恐怖类型如何同时出现并影响当前时代。当他们踏上被遗弃后的旅程时,事物的巨大规模、传播和拒绝作为人类叙事的代理,导致不可能完全掌握和理解它们。结合考古学的方法和酷儿理论,本文试图触及人与怪异的他者之间不可避免的复杂纠缠的核心。
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引用次数: 0
‘Around the hut’: an archaeological ethnography around the experimental construction of a shepherd’s hut in Konitsa, north-west Greece “小屋周围”:希腊西北部科尼察牧羊人小屋实验性建筑的考古民族志
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120708
Faidon Moudopoulos-Athanasiou, Traianos Bokas, Antonija Mikulić, Petya Dimitrova, Kristiyan Karaivanov, Anica Tubanović, İrem Sayılgan, Konstantina Papadopoulou, A. Banu
SUMMARY This article reflects on the experimental building of a Vlach hut that took place in the 14th Summer School of the Balkan Border Crossings Network. The approach took the form of an archaeological ethnography and addressed a variety of subjects from ethnographic and experimental fieldworkto videography and critical heritage, all emerging from the same point: thebuilding of a shepherd’s roundhut in the plain of Konitsa. From interdisciplinary methodological encounters to reflections on pastoral identities, legislation and its effects on this built pastoral heritage, as well as fieldwork reflections, while experiencing and experimenting, this article reveals potential avenues for interdisciplinary engagement in contexts such as Summer Schools.
摘要本文回顾了巴尔干边境过境网络第14暑期学校的弗拉赫小屋实验楼。该方法采用了考古民族志的形式,涉及从民族志和实验田野工作到录像和批判性遗产的各种主题,所有这些都源于同一点:在科尼察平原建造牧羊人的圆形小屋。从跨学科的方法论遭遇,到对田园身份、立法及其对这一已建成的田园遗产的影响的反思,以及实地考察的反思,在体验和实验的同时,本文揭示了在暑期学校等背景下跨学科参与的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
Bridewell Revisited: Finds From A Lost Palace Bridewell重访:失落宫殿的发现
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120716
D. Killock, M. Gaimster, K. Hayward, C. Jarrett, Sophie White
SUMMARY The location and layout of Bridewell Palace, Henry VIII’s first major building project, have previously been documented through both historical research and archaeological excavation, though the latter has been extremely limited when compared to the extent of the palace complex. This article deals with the discovery of building remains that apparently formed part of the palace but are located beyond the generally accepted bounds of the precinct. Apart from the structural remains the excavation at Dorset Rise also recorded a remarkable assemblage of animal bone that probably derived from the king’s lavish kitchen. Finds analysis provides a more detailed picture of everyday life in the palace than previous excavations at Bridewell which focused heavily on the structure of the building.
摘要亨利八世的第一个主要建筑项目Bridewell宫的位置和布局此前已通过历史研究和考古发掘进行了记录,尽管与宫殿建筑群的范围相比,考古发掘极为有限。这篇文章讨论了建筑遗迹的发现,这些遗迹显然是宫殿的一部分,但位于公认的范围之外。除了结构遗迹外,多塞特高地的挖掘还记录了一组引人注目的动物骨头,这些骨头可能来自国王奢华的厨房。发现分析提供了比之前在Bridewell的挖掘更详细的宫殿日常生活画面,之前的挖掘主要集中在建筑结构上。
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引用次数: 0
Sugar refining at Plymouth: archaeological excavations at the Boatyard, Sutton Harbour 普利茅斯炼糖:萨顿港Boatyard的考古发掘
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2120712
A. Gutiérrez
SUMMARY An excavation on the eastern side of Sutton Harbour, Plymouth, uncovered the remains of a sugar house and related buildings. Documentary evidence confirms that the sugar house was built anew around the middle of the 17th century and remained active for at least a century, being out of use by 1754. The excavation has produced a large assemblage of ceramics used in the refining of sugar, but very little of it is of local manufacture. Once the sugar house ceased functioning, the ceramics were discarded on site and used to infill structures and build new surfaces. The assemblage includes ceramic forms not previously catalogued in sugar-refining before.
在普利茅斯萨顿港东侧的一次挖掘中,发现了一家糖厂和相关建筑的遗迹。文献证据证实,这座糖屋是在17世纪中叶左右重新建造的,并在至少一个世纪的时间里一直活跃着,直到1754年才停止使用。这次发掘出土了大量用于提炼糖的陶瓷制品,但其中很少是当地生产的。一旦糖屋停止运作,陶瓷就被丢弃在现场,用于填充结构和建造新的表面。该组合包括以前未在糖精制中编目的陶瓷形式。
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引用次数: 0
Metals, mines and moorland: the changing lead mining landscapes of the North Pennines, UK, 1700-1948 金属、矿山和荒原:1700-1948年英国北宾夕法尼亚州不断变化的铅开采景观
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2058221
M. Kincey, Christopher D. Gerrard, J. Warburton
SUMMARY Intensive metal mining considerably altered many British upland landscapes between the 18th and 20th centuries, modifying both subterranean and surface environments and fundamentally changing the character of local settlements, infrastructure and society. However, our understanding of the landscape-scale patterns of development through time in mining districts is still limited. In this study, we take an interdisciplinary approach to understand the historical development of the mining industry within a nearly 200 km2 area of the North Pennines, UK. Our approach combines documentary and cartographic records, archaeological mapping, and geomorphological analysis of changes to the physical environment. We demonstrate pronounced spatio-temporal variability in the intensity of mining and the nature of associated landscape impacts. Production time series data indicate a widespread intensification of operations during the 18th century, with archaeological evidence suggesting that the environmentally destructive practice of hushing, a hydraulic mining technique, was also widespread during this period. The scale of ore production from subterranean mines increased considerably throughout the mid-19th century, before a rapid decline from the late 1800s onwards. The influence of large mining corporations reached into all aspects of the local economy and society; altering the settlement patterns, infrastructure and demographics of the area and shaping the finances, health and wellbeing of the miners and their families. The environmental and societal changes that accompanied the mining industry were profound, resulting in mining districts with a distinctive landscape character and legacy that persist to the present day.
18世纪至20世纪期间,密集的金属开采极大地改变了英国的许多高地景观,改变了地下和地表环境,并从根本上改变了当地定居点、基础设施和社会的特征。然而,我们对矿区随时间发展的景观尺度模式的理解仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们采用跨学科的方法来了解采矿业在近200年内的历史发展 英国北宾夕法尼亚州的平方公里面积。我们的方法结合了文献和制图记录、考古测绘以及对物理环境变化的地貌分析。我们证明了采矿强度和相关景观影响的性质存在明显的时空变异性。生产时间序列数据表明,在18世纪,作业普遍加剧,考古证据表明,水力采矿技术“静音”对环境造成破坏的做法在这一时期也很普遍。地下矿山的矿石生产规模在整个19世纪中期大幅增加,然后从19世纪末开始迅速下降。大型矿业公司的影响波及当地经济和社会的各个方面;改变该地区的定居模式、基础设施和人口结构,并影响矿工及其家人的财务、健康和福祉。伴随采矿业而来的环境和社会变化是深刻的,导致矿区具有独特的景观特征和遗产,并一直延续到今天。
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引用次数: 1
Matters of the heart: depictions of the heart and the archaeology of emotion, c. 1400–1700. 心之事:对心的描绘和情感考古,约1400-1700年。
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2055316
S. Hannesdóttir
SUMMARY This paper presents a case study of finger rings and pendants from England and Wales from the period 1400–1700, which have been recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme, and that feature the shape of the heart or inscriptions of the word ‘heart’. The paper explores how these objects can inform us about the embodied experience, perception and expression of love and other emotions in the period in question, and how this reflects contemporary medical and popular ideas held about the heart. It also discusses more generally how objects actively communicated and invoked emotion.
本文介绍了1400-1700年间英格兰和威尔士的戒指和吊坠的案例研究,这些戒指和吊坠已被记录在便携式文物计划中,其特征是心形或“心”字的铭文。本文探讨了这些物体如何告诉我们在这个时期爱和其他情感的具体化体验、感知和表达,以及这如何反映当代医学和大众对心脏的看法。它还更广泛地讨论了对象如何积极地交流和唤起情感。
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引用次数: 0
Policies, Brae, and Hill grounds: A microarchaeology of an Ochils estate 政策,勇敢,和山的理由:奥奇尔斯庄园的微观考古学
IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00794236.2022.2055314
K. Grant, Michael Given
SUMMARY This paper seeks to explore life during the post-medieval period in a small part of the Ochil Hills in Perthshire, Scotland, and in doing so, demonstrates how landscape archaeology can uncover stories which reflect the complexity and nuance of life in the past. Drawing on a range of approaches, this paper explores the stories uncovered through a programme of landscape archaeology. This includes considering the dramatic changes and reformations that have shaped the landscape over recent centuries, histories of specific people and places - and the relationship between the two. It asks questions of the role of archaeology in telling these stories and considers how a variety of approaches can reveal a multitude of voices and narratives from the past.
摘要本文试图探索后中世纪时期苏格兰珀斯郡奥奇尔山的一小部分地区的生活,并以此展示景观考古如何揭示反映过去生活复杂性和细微差别的故事。本文采用了一系列方法,探索了通过景观考古项目发现的故事。这包括考虑近几个世纪来塑造景观的戏剧性变化和改革,特定人和地方的历史,以及两者之间的关系。它提出了考古学在讲述这些故事中的作用问题,并考虑了各种方法如何揭示过去的众多声音和叙事。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Post-Medieval Archaeology
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