Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046107
T. E. Dy-Liacco
are thorns in the side of the free marketer, who might grumble in exasperation: “Why don’t engineers just pack up and go home?” But, engineers and control centers are here to stay. An integration of hardware components, software functions, graphical user interfaces, communications, and (not least), the human operator, the control center is the quintessential computer application in power. Articles have appeared in CAP magazine throughout its publication history on various control center installations, software applications, communication networks, and standards. This article focuses on the energy management system (EMS) control center, identifying the major functions that have become standard components of every application software package. The two most important control center functions, security control and load-following control, guarantee the continuity of electric ser-
{"title":"Control centers are here to stay","authors":"T. E. Dy-Liacco","doi":"10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046107","url":null,"abstract":"are thorns in the side of the free marketer, who might grumble in exasperation: “Why don’t engineers just pack up and go home?” But, engineers and control centers are here to stay. An integration of hardware components, software functions, graphical user interfaces, communications, and (not least), the human operator, the control center is the quintessential computer application in power. Articles have appeared in CAP magazine throughout its publication history on various control center installations, software applications, communication networks, and standards. This article focuses on the energy management system (EMS) control center, identifying the major functions that have become standard components of every application software package. The two most important control center functions, security control and load-following control, guarantee the continuity of electric ser-","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046108
F. Denny
he so-called " deregulation " and restructuring of the industry have made it very difficult to keep up with industry changes and have made it much more difficult to envision the future. In this article, current key issues and major developments of the past few years are reviewed to provide perspective, and prospects for future computer applications in power are suggested. Technology changes are occurring at an exponential rate. The interconnected bulk electric systems are becoming integrated with vast networked information systems. This article discusses the skills that will be needed by future power engineers to keep pace with these developments and trends. The computer applications used in the electric power industry have undergone profound changes since the first issue of IEEE Computer Applications in Power in January 1988. During that period of time, those of us who have had the privilege of working for electric utilities, electric utility organizations, and organizations providing services and products for the electric power industry have seen: I Development of new techniques for improving the increasingly vast quantities of real-time data being acquired I Availability of lower cost faster computers as well as great reductions in the cost of memory I Enormous increases in engineering productivity and increasing requirements for engineers to function in more complex roles I Shift in energy technology preferences concomitant with concerns about resource reserves, public safety, and environmental protection I Globalization of equipment markets and the recognition of the need for international standards I Advent and widespread acceptance of computer networking applications using the Web I Development of methods to accommodate real-time competitive power markets associated with industry deregulation/ restructuring. I Development of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) technologies and new procedural methods for coping with transmission system congestion I Upgrades to relaying systems,
{"title":"Prospective on computer applications in power","authors":"F. Denny","doi":"10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046108","url":null,"abstract":"he so-called \" deregulation \" and restructuring of the industry have made it very difficult to keep up with industry changes and have made it much more difficult to envision the future. In this article, current key issues and major developments of the past few years are reviewed to provide perspective, and prospects for future computer applications in power are suggested. Technology changes are occurring at an exponential rate. The interconnected bulk electric systems are becoming integrated with vast networked information systems. This article discusses the skills that will be needed by future power engineers to keep pace with these developments and trends. The computer applications used in the electric power industry have undergone profound changes since the first issue of IEEE Computer Applications in Power in January 1988. During that period of time, those of us who have had the privilege of working for electric utilities, electric utility organizations, and organizations providing services and products for the electric power industry have seen: I Development of new techniques for improving the increasingly vast quantities of real-time data being acquired I Availability of lower cost faster computers as well as great reductions in the cost of memory I Enormous increases in engineering productivity and increasing requirements for engineers to function in more complex roles I Shift in energy technology preferences concomitant with concerns about resource reserves, public safety, and environmental protection I Globalization of equipment markets and the recognition of the need for international standards I Advent and widespread acceptance of computer networking applications using the Web I Development of methods to accommodate real-time competitive power markets associated with industry deregulation/ restructuring. I Development of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) technologies and new procedural methods for coping with transmission system congestion I Upgrades to relaying systems,","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122320107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046112
A. Swarcewicz
E lectric power systems are highly nonlinear systems and constantly experience changes in generation, transmission, and load conditions, which causes power system analysis and especially control system synthesis to be extremely laborious. Various design methods and algorithms were developed that are based on different models of electric power systems (linear, non-linear, single machine, multiple machines). The most common method of improving stability of the power system is the synthesis of the turbine and generator control systems, because of the high effectiveness and relatively low cost of these elements. The synthesis and construction of the effective synchronous generator and turbine controller is a very difficult task due to following problems: I Large variation of the possible operating conditions I Large variety of disturbances that can occur in power systems I Variation of plant parameters as a result of power network configuration changes I Difficulty with working out mathematical models capable of adequately describing the generator under various operating conditions I State of the art of classical methods for designing the control systems, which usually turns out to be impractical and inefficient. This article proposes an approach to robust power system stabilizer (PSS) design. The following four groups of control are considered as the solution of these difficulties. Classical Control The synthesis method is based on a transfer function that describes a generator and turbine with constant parameters. The classical controllers allow achieving effective control and ensuring stability of the power system , but these controllers are optimal only for one operating condition, and they cannot modify their dynamic properties during operation. The following is a very short description of the considerations and procedures used for selection of the PSS parameters. The phase compensation block should provide the appropriate phase-lead characteristic to compensate for the phase lag between the exciter input and the generator electrical (air-gap) torque. The first step in determining the phase compensation is to compute the frequency response between the exciter input and the generator electrical input. Based on this characteristic, the phase-lead compensation parameters are chosen. The phase characteristic to be compensated varies to some extent with system conditions. Therefore, a characteristic acceptable for various system conditions is selected. The derivative block with inertia serves as a high-pass filter, with the time constants T 5 and T 6 high enough to allow signals associated with oscillations in ω r to pass unchanged (these parameters are not critical and …
{"title":"Optimal linear control in stabilizer design","authors":"A. Swarcewicz","doi":"10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCAP.2002.1046112","url":null,"abstract":"E lectric power systems are highly nonlinear systems and constantly experience changes in generation, transmission, and load conditions, which causes power system analysis and especially control system synthesis to be extremely laborious. Various design methods and algorithms were developed that are based on different models of electric power systems (linear, non-linear, single machine, multiple machines). The most common method of improving stability of the power system is the synthesis of the turbine and generator control systems, because of the high effectiveness and relatively low cost of these elements. The synthesis and construction of the effective synchronous generator and turbine controller is a very difficult task due to following problems: I Large variation of the possible operating conditions I Large variety of disturbances that can occur in power systems I Variation of plant parameters as a result of power network configuration changes I Difficulty with working out mathematical models capable of adequately describing the generator under various operating conditions I State of the art of classical methods for designing the control systems, which usually turns out to be impractical and inefficient. This article proposes an approach to robust power system stabilizer (PSS) design. The following four groups of control are considered as the solution of these difficulties. Classical Control The synthesis method is based on a transfer function that describes a generator and turbine with constant parameters. The classical controllers allow achieving effective control and ensuring stability of the power system , but these controllers are optimal only for one operating condition, and they cannot modify their dynamic properties during operation. The following is a very short description of the considerations and procedures used for selection of the PSS parameters. The phase compensation block should provide the appropriate phase-lead characteristic to compensate for the phase lag between the exciter input and the generator electrical (air-gap) torque. The first step in determining the phase compensation is to compute the frequency response between the exciter input and the generator electrical input. Based on this characteristic, the phase-lead compensation parameters are chosen. The phase characteristic to be compensated varies to some extent with system conditions. Therefore, a characteristic acceptable for various system conditions is selected. The derivative block with inertia serves as a high-pass filter, with the time constants T 5 and T 6 high enough to allow signals associated with oscillations in ω r to pass unchanged (these parameters are not critical and …","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"26 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113941538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mcap.2002.1046105
Arun G. Phadke
{"title":"CAP Forum","authors":"Arun G. Phadke","doi":"10.1109/mcap.2002.1046105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcap.2002.1046105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115593035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In power station management information systems (MIS), an important function is to manage electric facilities (e.g., equipment of main workshop, pipelines). Electric facilities have obvious features: their number is large and they are geographically related. The number of pipelines can reach about 40 types. Most pipelines are under ground and constitute very complicated networks. During the construction and development of a power station, these networks are changed at different extents. It is clumsy to modify paper maps, and paper maps easily become obsolete and are easily damaged. In addition, when the power station needs new buildings or needs maintenance work to pipelines, the worker should know their geographical distribution. These problems can be solved efficiently using GIS. In the facility management of power stations, facility maintenance management is a very important part, including heavy repair, routine maintenance, and facility defect management. At present, there has been mature management software for equipment maintenance and repair. Integrating these with GIS can enhance visual and graphical effects. Because of the large amount of equipment and the complexity of the pipeline network, the management requirements for administrators are very high. Applying GIS and network technology to power stations can implement centralized and graphical management of pipelines, equipment, workshops, and geographical related information and can provide data sharing, modern management methods, and decision-making support.
{"title":"Power station GIS design and implementation","authors":"S. Ma, Linhai Qi, Wenxia Liu, Wei Ma","doi":"10.1109/67.993759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/67.993759","url":null,"abstract":"In power station management information systems (MIS), an important function is to manage electric facilities (e.g., equipment of main workshop, pipelines). Electric facilities have obvious features: their number is large and they are geographically related. The number of pipelines can reach about 40 types. Most pipelines are under ground and constitute very complicated networks. During the construction and development of a power station, these networks are changed at different extents. It is clumsy to modify paper maps, and paper maps easily become obsolete and are easily damaged. In addition, when the power station needs new buildings or needs maintenance work to pipelines, the worker should know their geographical distribution. These problems can be solved efficiently using GIS. In the facility management of power stations, facility maintenance management is a very important part, including heavy repair, routine maintenance, and facility defect management. At present, there has been mature management software for equipment maintenance and repair. Integrating these with GIS can enhance visual and graphical effects. Because of the large amount of equipment and the complexity of the pipeline network, the management requirements for administrators are very high. Applying GIS and network technology to power stations can implement centralized and graphical management of pipelines, equipment, workshops, and geographical related information and can provide data sharing, modern management methods, and decision-making support.","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115613418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The so-called "multimedia network RTU" featured in this article integrates real-time video capturing and transmission, audio analysis and electric equipment diagnosis, global positioning system (GPS), substation security supervision, and Internet protocol (IP) communication into traditional RTUs. This article: Describes three key features of the proposed system distinguishing it from the existing RTUs Details the hardware and software architecture and functions of MNRTU Provides a typical application example in Shanxi province that verifies the availability and advance of MNRTU.
{"title":"Unmanned substations employ multimedia network RTUs","authors":"Junxiang Ge, Luyuan Tong, Quanshi Chen, Guang Han, Zhi Tang","doi":"10.1109/67.993758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/67.993758","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called \"multimedia network RTU\" featured in this article integrates real-time video capturing and transmission, audio analysis and electric equipment diagnosis, global positioning system (GPS), substation security supervision, and Internet protocol (IP) communication into traditional RTUs. This article: Describes three key features of the proposed system distinguishing it from the existing RTUs Details the hardware and software architecture and functions of MNRTU Provides a typical application example in Shanxi province that verifies the availability and advance of MNRTU.","PeriodicalId":435675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Computer Applications in Power","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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