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MachineSense: detecting and monitoring active machines using smart phone MachineSense:使用智能手机检测和监控活动机器
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436205
M. Uddin, T. Nadeem
Comparison of actual running machine and recognized running machine using our prototype system for 25 minutes of time. Multivariate Gaussian Acoustic Model Naive Bayes classifier with equal prior probability Circle 1,2,3 shows the position of a microwave, a fan and a vacuum cleaner respectively at our lab office. Square 1,2,3,4 and 5 shows the position from we have identified the current running machine using our prototype application. We develop a prototype system in Android phone (Nexus S)
使用我们的原型系统进行实际跑步机与认可跑步机25分钟时间的比较。等先验概率的多元高斯声学模型朴素贝叶斯分类器圆1,2,3分别表示了我们实验室办公室中微波炉,风扇和吸尘器的位置。方格1、2、3、4和5显示了我们使用原型应用程序确定的当前正在运行的机器的位置。我们在Android手机(Nexus S)上开发了一个原型系统。
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引用次数: 6
Recognition of environmental sound recorded by mobile phone 识别由移动电话记录的环境声音
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436201
Reona Mogi, H. Kasai
Recognizing and understanding of environmental sounds shall give higher semantics of the surrounding context and situation. This paper presents a proposal of an innovative environmental sound recognition method as a combination of robust ICA basis in a frequency domain and robust MP feature in the time domain. Implementation details and its performance evaluations are presented. Its feasibility and future works are provided.
对环境声音的识别和理解将使周围环境和情况具有更高的语义。本文提出了一种结合频域鲁棒ICA基和时域鲁棒MP特征的环境声音识别方法。给出了实现细节和性能评价。提出了该方法的可行性,并对今后的工作进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of android IPC for continuous sensing applications 面向连续传感应用的android IPC性能评价
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436200
C. Hsieh, H. Falaki, N. Ramanathan, H. Tangmunarunkit, D. Estrin
Sensor-rich smartphones are enabling a new class of applications and systems with significant potential to improve users’ daily lives. These applications, referred to as continuous sensing applications, continuously collect sensor data from on-board and external sensors and apply machine learning techniques to extract meaningful information about users’ behaviour and environment[1, 2, 6]. To collect the required sensor data, a continuous sensing application needs to communicate with different software entities on the phone including a) system services that interface with on-board sensors; b) drivers of off-board sensors, which are often proprietary applications developed by sensor manufacturers; and c) other sensing applications to obtain relevant user and context information. For enhanced security and privacy on modern smartphone platforms, each application runs within its own process. Therefore, Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms are crucial to continuous sensing applications. Current sensing sampling rates range from 32 bytes/sec for accelerometer and location data [5]; 63 bytes/sec for user and system context information, such as CPU, memory, and phone call, SMS records[3]; 88 KB/sec for acoustic data; and 232 KB/sec for image documentation [4]. Different sensing applications require IPC that can support a transfer of few bytes to hundreds of kilobytes, and frequencies of 0.1Hz to 1Hz. Ideal inter-process communication for continuous sensing applications must therefore meet the following performance requirements: 1) Low latency since the IPC transactions are on the critical path of the data collecting process; 2) Resource efficiency to minimize interference with device interactivity, performance, and availability; 3) Variable Bandwidth to accommodate a wide range of application demands from a few bytes to several hundreds of kilobytes per second as described earlier. We study the performance of three Android IPC mechanisms: 1) Binder, a remote-procedure-call (RPC) mechanism that enables a process to remotely invoke functions running on another process; Binder adopts a direct-message-copy scheme to transfer the IPC payload with only single data copy. 2) Intent, a flexible message passing system, implemented using two Binder RPC calls, allowing applications to send messages to each other; and 3) Content Provider, a data storehouse mechanism that implements various SQL-like IPC interfaces, in which the query operation uniquely incorporates a shared memory region to facilitate the transmission of possibly large query results.
传感器丰富的智能手机正在实现一类新的应用程序和系统,具有改善用户日常生活的巨大潜力。这些应用被称为连续传感应用,从机载和外部传感器持续收集传感器数据,并应用机器学习技术提取有关用户行为和环境的有意义信息[1,2,6]。为了收集所需的传感器数据,连续传感应用程序需要与手机上的不同软件实体进行通信,包括a)与车载传感器接口的系统服务;B)车载传感器的驱动程序,通常是传感器制造商开发的专有应用程序;c)其他传感应用,获取相关用户和环境信息。为了增强现代智能手机平台上的安全性和隐私性,每个应用程序都在自己的进程中运行。因此,进程间通信(IPC)机制对于连续传感应用至关重要。当前的传感采样率范围从加速度计和位置数据的32字节/秒[5];63字节/秒用于用户和系统上下文信息,如CPU、内存、电话呼叫、短信记录[3];声学数据88 KB/秒;232 KB/秒用于图像文档[4]。不同的传感应用需要IPC能够支持几个字节到数百千字节的传输,以及0.1Hz到1Hz的频率。因此,连续传感应用的理想进程间通信必须满足以下性能要求:1)低延迟,因为IPC事务位于数据收集过程的关键路径上;2)资源效率,尽量减少对设备交互性、性能和可用性的干扰;3)可变带宽,以适应广泛的应用需求,从几个字节到几百千字节每秒,如前所述。我们研究了三种Android IPC机制的性能:1)Binder,一种远程过程调用(RPC)机制,使进程能够远程调用运行在另一个进程上的函数;Binder采用直接消息复制(direct-message-copy)方案,仅使用单个数据副本传输IPC负载。2) Intent,一个灵活的消息传递系统,使用两个Binder RPC调用实现,允许应用程序相互发送消息;3) Content Provider,一种数据存储机制,实现各种类似sql的IPC接口,其中查询操作唯一地合并了一个共享内存区域,以方便可能较大的查询结果的传输。
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引用次数: 14
On-demand content-centric wireless networking 以点播内容为中心的无线网络
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436222
Hanno Wirtz, David Martin, Benjamin Grap, Klaus Wehrle
Typical scenarios in the city or on campus, show a high proliferation of wireless communication devices such as smartphones, laptops or netbooks. Wireless 802.11 networks between these devices allow for a spontaneous exchange of content or provision of services without the need for infrastructure-based services. However, the above mentioned proliferation of devices and therefore large number of networks hinders users in identifying and selecting the network that serves a specific request. We propose an approach to client-driven content-centric wireless networking in which the user specifically signals his request for a user, content item or service via 802.11 management frames. Upon reception of these frames, wireless devices that serve this request establish a dedicated wireless network on-demand. Our approach seamlessly integrates into the 802.11 association process and therefore provides support for unmodified wireless devices. By leveraging the wireless broadcast medium, we achieve pervasive service and peer discovery without the overhead of iterating through existing networks or running a traditional service discovery protocol.
在城市或校园的典型场景中,智能手机、笔记本电脑或上网本等无线通信设备的普及程度很高。这些设备之间的无线802.11网络允许自发地交换内容或提供服务,而不需要基于基础设施的服务。然而,上述设备的激增以及由此产生的大量网络阻碍了用户识别和选择服务于特定请求的网络。我们提出了一种客户端驱动的以内容为中心的无线网络方法,其中用户通过802.11管理框架明确地发出他对用户、内容项或服务的请求。在接收到这些帧后,服务于此请求的无线设备按需建立专用无线网络。我们的方法无缝集成到802.11关联过程中,因此为未修改的无线设备提供支持。通过利用无线广播媒介,我们实现了普及服务和对等发现,而无需在现有网络中迭代或运行传统服务发现协议的开销。
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引用次数: 6
Audio-WiFi: audio channel assisted WiFi network for smart phones audio -WiFi:智能手机的音频通道辅助WiFi网络
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436204
M. Uddin, T. Nadeem
Wi-Fi is becoming widely popular network interface for data communication in smart phones because of it’s high throughput, power efficiency and relatively larger range. However, the Wi-Fi network still has some perturbation such as high consumption of energy and bandwidth for detecting the contention and collision, energy consumption in idle state for continuous scanning of new networks and poor utilization of wireless channel for not detecting packet loss or collision while a transmitter is transmitting. In addition, Wi-Fi needs to transmit low rate of control packets (RTS/CTS) in order to access the channels. Researchers have proposed to use other existing wireless network interface (Bluetooth , ZigBee etc.) as a parallel communication for enhancing the performance of Wi-Fi network by addressing above issues [1], [2]. Although the solution of using bluetooth, ZigBee in parallel with WiFi improves the performance, it creates severe interference with Wi-Fi for communicating in the same frequency band (2.4GHz). In our project, we like to enhance the performance of data communication over the Wi-Fi network by integrating the mic/speaker of the smart phones as a parallel communication channel. Our idea is to propose a novel framework of communication using mic/speaker in order to develop a more efficient Wi-Fi network communication. The non-interferential nature with Wi-Fi network is the biggest advantage of using audio communication channel for this purpose. For audio communication we like to exploit frequency band beyond normal human ear perception. At our knowledge, most of the smart phones are both capable of generating and discerning audio frequency beyond human ear perception.
Wi-Fi以其高吞吐量、高能效和相对较大的覆盖范围,成为智能手机数据通信中广泛使用的网络接口。但是,Wi-Fi网络仍然存在一些扰动,如检测争用和碰撞需要消耗较高的能量和带宽,连续扫描新网络需要在空闲状态下消耗能量,发射机在传输过程中未检测丢包或碰撞而导致无线信道利用率不高。此外,Wi-Fi需要传输低速率的控制数据包(RTS/CTS)才能访问信道。针对上述问题,研究人员提出利用现有的其他无线网络接口(蓝牙、ZigBee等)作为并行通信来提高Wi-Fi网络的性能[1],[2]。虽然使用蓝牙,ZigBee与WiFi并行的解决方案提高了性能,但它对同一频段(2.4GHz)的Wi-Fi通信产生了严重的干扰。在我们的项目中,我们希望通过集成智能手机的麦克风/扬声器作为并行通信通道来增强Wi-Fi网络上的数据通信性能。我们的想法是提出一种使用麦克风/扬声器的新型通信框架,以开发更高效的Wi-Fi网络通信。Wi-Fi网络的无干扰特性是使用音频通信信道用于此目的的最大优势。对于音频通信,我们喜欢利用超出正常人耳感知的频带。据我们所知,大多数智能手机都能够产生和识别超出人耳感知的音频。
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引用次数: 0
L4Android security framework on the Samsung galaxy S2 l4三星galaxy S2的安卓安全框架
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436212
Matthias Lange, Steffen Liebergeld, A. Lackorzynski, Alexander Warg, Janis Danisevskis, Jan C. Nordholz
There is a recent trend to use privately owned mobile devices in corporate environments. This poses serious threats on the security of corporate data. In this demo we show how we applied an efficient sandboxing mechanism to the Android software stack. This allows us to run multiple instances of Android securely isolated side-by-side on one device. We implemented a prototype on the Samsung Galaxy S2.
最近有一种趋势是在公司环境中使用私人拥有的移动设备。这对企业数据的安全构成了严重威胁。在这个演示中,我们展示了如何将一个有效的沙箱机制应用到Android软件栈中。这允许我们在一个设备上安全隔离地运行多个Android实例。我们在三星Galaxy S2上实现了一个原型。
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引用次数: 5
Implementation of distributed mobile storage and location-based message sharing among smart phones 在智能手机之间实现分布式移动存储和基于位置的消息共享
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436208
H. Kasai
Our new area-based distributed mobile storage system enables cache data temporarily in a designated local area. It requires no infrastructure network or server. For that reason, it is sure to hasten the development of new location-based communication services. This paper reports implementation of middleware for the cache system. Furthermore, an implemented location-based message sharing application is detailed. It uses the implemented middleware via application programming interfaces.
我们新的基于区域的分布式移动存储系统可以将数据临时缓存到指定的本地区域。它不需要基础设施网络或服务器。出于这个原因,它肯定会加速新的基于位置的通信服务的发展。本文报告了缓存系统中间件的实现。此外,还详细介绍了实现的基于位置的消息共享应用程序。它通过应用程序编程接口使用实现的中间件。
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引用次数: 1
A simulation tool for automated platooning in mixed highway scenarios 混合高速公路场景下自动排队的仿真工具
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436218
Michele Segata, F. Dressler, R. Cigno, M. Gerla
Automated platooning is one of the most challenging fields in the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Conceptually, platooning means creating clusters of vehicles which closely follow each other autonomously without action of the driver, neither for accelerating, nor for braking. This leads to several important benefits from substantially improved road throughput to increased safety. The control of such platoons depends on two components: First, radar is typically to be used to control the distance between the vehicles, and secondly, Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) helps managing the entire platoon allowing cars to join or to leave the group whenever necessary. Platooning systems have been mostly investigated in controlled environments such as dedicated highways with centralized management. However, platooning-enabled cars will be deployed gradually and might have to travel on highways together with other non-automated vehicles. We developed a combined traffic and network simulator for studying strategies and protocols needed for managing platoons in such mixed scenarios. We show the models needed and present first results using a simple IVC-based platoon management as a proof of concept.
自动排队是智能交通系统(ITS)领域中最具挑战性的领域之一。从概念上讲,队列行驶意味着在不需要驾驶员操作的情况下,自动创建紧密跟随彼此的车辆集群,既不需要加速,也不需要刹车。这带来了几个重要的好处,从大幅改善道路吞吐量到提高安全性。这种车队的控制取决于两个组成部分:首先,雷达通常用于控制车辆之间的距离,其次,车辆间通信(IVC)有助于管理整个车队,允许车辆在必要时加入或离开车队。队列行驶系统主要是在集中管理的专用高速公路等受控环境中进行研究。然而,具有队列功能的汽车将逐步部署,并且可能必须与其他非自动车辆一起在高速公路上行驶。我们开发了一个综合流量和网络模拟器,用于研究在这种混合场景中管理队列所需的策略和协议。我们展示了所需的模型,并使用一个简单的基于ivc的排管理作为概念验证,给出了第一个结果。
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引用次数: 2
Low-cost interferer detection and classification using TelosB sensor motes 基于TelosB传感器的低成本干扰检测与分类
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436215
Bastian Bloessl, Stefan Joerer, Fabian Mauroner, F. Dressler
Inter-protocol interference is one of the most critical issues in wireless communication. For example, this becomes extremely problematic in environments where robustness and realtime communication need to be considered, e.g., in industrial automation or health care applications. Recently, possible approaches for interference mitigation have been described in the literature assuming that the interferer is known in advance. We contribute to this line of research with a framework for interferer detection and classification. Essentially, we use a simple IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver as for example used on the TelosB sensor motes to scan the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This band is used by different technologies including Bluetooth, WiFi, and cordless phones. The key challenge is the accurate timing of the scanning of the frequency band. The presented framework supports flexible descriptions of such scan jobs allowing to adapt to the detectors requirements, depending on the interfering protocols.
协议间干扰是无线通信中最关键的问题之一。例如,在需要考虑健壮性和实时通信的环境中,例如在工业自动化或医疗保健应用中,这就变得非常成问题。最近,文献中已经描述了可能的干扰缓解方法,假设干扰是事先已知的。我们为这一行的研究贡献了一个干扰检测和分类的框架。本质上,我们使用简单的IEEE 802.15.4收发器,例如在TelosB传感器上使用的收发器来扫描2.4 GHz ISM频段。该频段用于各种技术,包括蓝牙、WiFi和无绳电话。关键的挑战是频段扫描的精确定时。所提出的框架支持这种扫描作业的灵活描述,允许根据干扰协议适应检测器的要求。
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引用次数: 3
Field tests and indoor emulation of distributed autonomous multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle communications over TV white space 电视空白空间上分布式自主多跳车对车通信的现场测试和室内仿真
Pub Date : 2013-02-04 DOI: 10.1145/2436196.2436221
O. Altintas, Yutaka Ihara, Haris Kremo, Hideaki Tanaka, M. Ohtake, T. Fujii, C. Yoshimura, Keisuke Ando, K. Tsukamoto, M. Tsuru, Y. Oie
Vehicular networking has significant potential to enable diverse range of applications, including safety and convenience. As the number of vehicles and applications using the specially designated wireless spectrum grow, one can expect substantial increase in the bandwidth requirements. In this paper and demonstration, we advocate that dynamic spectrum access techniques facilitating the utilization of white spaces for vehicles will be the first step towards solving the expected spectrum shortage. In the demonstration, we will introduce field tests of a multi-hop inter-vehicle communication system with distributed and autonomous TV white space channel selection, performed in Japan from January to February 2012. Furthermore, in addition to the field test videos, we will show an indoor emulation of the entire system used during the field tests in the vehicles.
车载网络具有实现各种应用的巨大潜力,包括安全性和便利性。随着使用特别指定的无线频谱的车辆和应用数量的增加,可以预期带宽需求会大幅增加。在本文和演示中,我们主张促进车辆利用空白空间的动态频谱接入技术将是解决预期频谱短缺的第一步。在演示中,我们将介绍2012年1月至2月在日本进行的具有分布式和自主电视白色空间信道选择的多跳车间通信系统的现场测试。此外,除了现场测试视频外,我们还将展示车辆现场测试期间使用的整个系统的室内仿真。
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引用次数: 23
期刊
Mobile Computing and Communications Review
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