Monicah Florence Misiko, T. Bere, Darius O. Andika, P. Okoth, Benson Onyango
Background. Aquatic insect community structure is dynamic due to threats by anthropogenic activities coupled with changing climatic conditions. The insect’s survival is dependent on the substrate, water quality, and environmental effects. The changes in water quality influence their distribution and abundance and are reflected in spatial and temporal trends. This study sought to document the effects of spatial variation on aquatic insects in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Materials and Methods. Systematic random design was used in sampling, and water quality parameters were assessed. Insects were sampled by profundal lake procedure, pooled, sorted, and identified based on the morphological approach and diversity indices analyzed. The relationship between insects and water quality was established. Results. Statistical homogeneity in water quality parameters was documented with the exception of nitrates, nitrites, soluble reactive phosphorus, ammonium, and silicates, which displayed significant variation at p < 0.05 . A total of 383 individual insects representing 19 species, 19 genera, 16 families, and six orders were obtained from Winam Gulf. Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera were the most predominant orders, respectively. Chironomus spp. and Ablebesmyia spp. were representatives of the Chironomidae family. Species distribution and water quality were determined using cluster analysis (CA) and conical correspondence analysis (CCA). Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrated that spatial variations were associated with change in water quality and had a corresponding influence on insect community structure.
{"title":"Spatial Variations in Aquatic Insect Community Structure in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya","authors":"Monicah Florence Misiko, T. Bere, Darius O. Andika, P. Okoth, Benson Onyango","doi":"10.1155/2023/8817525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8817525","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Aquatic insect community structure is dynamic due to threats by anthropogenic activities coupled with changing climatic conditions. The insect’s survival is dependent on the substrate, water quality, and environmental effects. The changes in water quality influence their distribution and abundance and are reflected in spatial and temporal trends. This study sought to document the effects of spatial variation on aquatic insects in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Materials and Methods. Systematic random design was used in sampling, and water quality parameters were assessed. Insects were sampled by profundal lake procedure, pooled, sorted, and identified based on the morphological approach and diversity indices analyzed. The relationship between insects and water quality was established. Results. Statistical homogeneity in water quality parameters was documented with the exception of nitrates, nitrites, soluble reactive phosphorus, ammonium, and silicates, which displayed significant variation at \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 . A total of 383 individual insects representing 19 species, 19 genera, 16 families, and six orders were obtained from Winam Gulf. Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera were the most predominant orders, respectively. Chironomus spp. and Ablebesmyia spp. were representatives of the Chironomidae family. Species distribution and water quality were determined using cluster analysis (CA) and conical correspondence analysis (CCA). Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrated that spatial variations were associated with change in water quality and had a corresponding influence on insect community structure.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87618237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, M. Podgórska, S. Kłosowski
The abandonment of seminatural Molinia meadows observed in Central and Eastern Europe during the 20th century started the secondary succession and threatened the state and persistence of populations of numerous meadow species. Considering this, the aims of the presented investigations were to study the abundance and selected traits of individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus L. in extensively used (EM) and unmanaged for at least 15 years (UM) Molinia meadows (Southern Poland, Central Europe). Altogether, 125 juvenile individuals, 21 vegetative individuals, and 119 generative individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus were investigated. The field studies showed positive correlation among the height of shoots and other traits of generative individuals in both study patches. Moreover, the greater abundance of population of Gladiolus imbricatus (especially the greater number of juveniles), as well as the greater dimensions of leaf blades, shoots, inflorescence, and number of capsules in the patch UM, indicates the appropriate state of the population. These data indicate a positive influence of abandonment and evolving secondary succession on the Gladiolus imbricatus population within the Molinia meadows.
{"title":"State of the Population of Gladiolus imbricatus L. in a Molinia Meadow after Extensive Management and Abandonment","authors":"K. Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, M. Podgórska, S. Kłosowski","doi":"10.1155/2023/2549617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2549617","url":null,"abstract":"The abandonment of seminatural Molinia meadows observed in Central and Eastern Europe during the 20th century started the secondary succession and threatened the state and persistence of populations of numerous meadow species. Considering this, the aims of the presented investigations were to study the abundance and selected traits of individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus L. in extensively used (EM) and unmanaged for at least 15 years (UM) Molinia meadows (Southern Poland, Central Europe). Altogether, 125 juvenile individuals, 21 vegetative individuals, and 119 generative individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus were investigated. The field studies showed positive correlation among the height of shoots and other traits of generative individuals in both study patches. Moreover, the greater abundance of population of Gladiolus imbricatus (especially the greater number of juveniles), as well as the greater dimensions of leaf blades, shoots, inflorescence, and number of capsules in the patch UM, indicates the appropriate state of the population. These data indicate a positive influence of abandonment and evolving secondary succession on the Gladiolus imbricatus population within the Molinia meadows.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85225642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish habitat degradation, such as water pollution due to the rapid expansion of incompatible land uses, is one of the noteworthy challenges to freshwater ecosystems. Elevated contents of nutrients and contaminants in water are some of the imperative challenges. This research was conducted to investigate the link between water qualities and fish productivity in the Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, whose fishery potential had decreased by 95% between 1972 and 2018. Physicοchemical characteristics, namely, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and the water depth of fishing net location, were assessed following standard procedure. Fish catches per unit effort representing fish biomass/productivity were monitored for twelve months from January to December 2019. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that fish catch per unit effort was positively and significantly correlated with turbidity (r = 0.461, P < 0.01) and TP (r = 0.405, P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression model results indicated that turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of the fishing net location are the statistically significant predictors of fish catch per unit effort which represented fish biomass. Findings further indicated that the model combining turbidity and dissolved oxygen predicted a 24% change in fish catch per unit effort, whereas turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of fishing net location contributed a 28.9% change in fish catch per unit effort. In conclusion, fish productivity in the NMD is limited by organic matter availability and nutrient levels that cause algae bloom occurrence. Turbidity is an indicator of organic matter availability and the effect of algae bloom on fish productivity. Inflow of nutrients to the dam nourishes the algae biomass, thus creating vicious cycles on fish productivity as fish species in the dam failed to take advantage of high primary production by algae.
鱼类栖息地退化，如不相容土地利用迅速扩大造成的水污染，是淡水生态系统面临的重大挑战之一。水中营养物质和污染物含量的升高是一些紧迫的挑战。该研究旨在调查Nyumba ya Mungu大坝水质与鱼类生产力之间的关系，该大坝的渔业潜力在1972年至2018年期间下降了95%。物理-化学特性，即温度、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、浊度、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和渔网位置的水深，按照标准程序进行评估。从2019年1月至12月监测了代表鱼类生物量/生产力的单位努力渔获量。Pearson相关分析表明，单位努力渔获量与浑浊度(r = 0.461, P < 0.01)和TP (r = 0.405, P < 0.01)呈显著正相关。多元逐步回归模型结果表明，浊度、溶解氧和渔网位置深度是代表鱼类生物量的单位努力渔获量的统计显著预测因子。研究结果进一步表明，结合浊度和溶解氧的模型预测的单位努力渔获量变化为24%，而浊度、溶解氧和渔网位置深度对单位努力渔获量的变化贡献了28.9%。综上所述，NMD的鱼类产量受到导致藻华发生的有机质可利用性和营养水平的限制。浊度是有机物有效性和藻类繁殖对鱼类产量影响的指标。流入大坝的营养物质滋养了藻类生物量，大坝内的鱼类未能利用藻类的高初级产量，从而对鱼类生产力造成了恶性循环。
{"title":"Fish Productivity Response to Water Quality Variations: A Case Study of Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, in Pangani Water Basin, Tanzania","authors":"H. O. Mangi, S. Onywere, E. Kitur","doi":"10.1155/2023/7353898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7353898","url":null,"abstract":"Fish habitat degradation, such as water pollution due to the rapid expansion of incompatible land uses, is one of the noteworthy challenges to freshwater ecosystems. Elevated contents of nutrients and contaminants in water are some of the imperative challenges. This research was conducted to investigate the link between water qualities and fish productivity in the Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, whose fishery potential had decreased by 95% between 1972 and 2018. Physicοchemical characteristics, namely, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and the water depth of fishing net location, were assessed following standard procedure. Fish catches per unit effort representing fish biomass/productivity were monitored for twelve months from January to December 2019. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that fish catch per unit effort was positively and significantly correlated with turbidity (r = 0.461, \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 \u0000 < 0.01) and TP (r = 0.405, \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 \u0000 < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression model results indicated that turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of the fishing net location are the statistically significant predictors of fish catch per unit effort which represented fish biomass. Findings further indicated that the model combining turbidity and dissolved oxygen predicted a 24% change in fish catch per unit effort, whereas turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of fishing net location contributed a 28.9% change in fish catch per unit effort. In conclusion, fish productivity in the NMD is limited by organic matter availability and nutrient levels that cause algae bloom occurrence. Turbidity is an indicator of organic matter availability and the effect of algae bloom on fish productivity. Inflow of nutrients to the dam nourishes the algae biomass, thus creating vicious cycles on fish productivity as fish species in the dam failed to take advantage of high primary production by algae.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81390580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tugiyono, A. Setiawan, S. Suharso, Anang Risgiyanto, Muhammad Nuril Huda, S. Hadi
This research aims to evaluate the water quality status and pollution load-carrying capacity of the Way Umpu River based on land use. This was carried out using the survey method by directly measuring the river water debit, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) on-site, taking the water sample to analyze the parameters of water quality such as total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), water color, turbidity, salinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fecal coli, total coliform, and plankton in the lab, and monitoring the land use. The results showed that the use of land for illegal mining and the settlement of inhabitants in station-4 (ST-4) caused water pollution. Furthermore, based on Class III water use, the parameters in ST-4 exceeded the standards for TSS, color, and BOD, while other stations such as ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-5, and ST-6 showed clean and good water quality statuses. It was also found that the pollution load-carrying capacity of the Way Umpu River has not yet been exceeded for Class III and the quality of the water may be improved when the river water debit increases. In addition, the plankton community structure on ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3 showed the number of species and individuals, and the diversity index was relatively high compared to ST-4, ST-5, and ST-6. It was concluded that the integrated evaluation was based on water quality status, plankton community structure, and pollution load analyses. The land use for illegal mining will decrease the water quality and the plankton community structure compared to other land uses.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Water Quality Status and Pollution Load Carrying Capacity of Way Umpu River, Way Kanan District, Lampung Province, Indonesia, Based on Land Use","authors":"T. Tugiyono, A. Setiawan, S. Suharso, Anang Risgiyanto, Muhammad Nuril Huda, S. Hadi","doi":"10.1155/2023/2689879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2689879","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to evaluate the water quality status and pollution load-carrying capacity of the Way Umpu River based on land use. This was carried out using the survey method by directly measuring the river water debit, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) on-site, taking the water sample to analyze the parameters of water quality such as total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), water color, turbidity, salinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fecal coli, total coliform, and plankton in the lab, and monitoring the land use. The results showed that the use of land for illegal mining and the settlement of inhabitants in station-4 (ST-4) caused water pollution. Furthermore, based on Class III water use, the parameters in ST-4 exceeded the standards for TSS, color, and BOD, while other stations such as ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-5, and ST-6 showed clean and good water quality statuses. It was also found that the pollution load-carrying capacity of the Way Umpu River has not yet been exceeded for Class III and the quality of the water may be improved when the river water debit increases. In addition, the plankton community structure on ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3 showed the number of species and individuals, and the diversity index was relatively high compared to ST-4, ST-5, and ST-6. It was concluded that the integrated evaluation was based on water quality status, plankton community structure, and pollution load analyses. The land use for illegal mining will decrease the water quality and the plankton community structure compared to other land uses.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90144681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ende, Sophie-Juliane Schwarzer, Alexandra Ebner, M. Lauerer
Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) is native to North America and is increasingly used as a bioenergy crop in Germany. Spontaneous occurrences of this species have already been detected in several European countries. To assess the possible risk to biodiversity by spreading of S. perfoliatum, we investigated the competitiveness of this species against the native and highly competitive Urtica dioica over four years in a field experiment in Bayreuth (Germany). S. perfoliatum grew well among U. dioica, although its biomass was strongly reduced by surrounding U. dioica. Projection area, plant height, and reproductive potential were less or similarly reduced by surrounding U. dioica as by the intraspecific competition. Moreover, S. perfoliatum significantly suppressed the growth of the competitive U. dioica. A settlement and establishment of S. perfoliatum in the native flora of Central Europe and a suppression of uncompetitive plant species are therefore conceivable.
{"title":"Competitiveness of the Exotic Silphium perfoliatum against the Native Urtica dioica: A Field Experiment","authors":"L. Ende, Sophie-Juliane Schwarzer, Alexandra Ebner, M. Lauerer","doi":"10.1155/2023/5512148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5512148","url":null,"abstract":"Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) is native to North America and is increasingly used as a bioenergy crop in Germany. Spontaneous occurrences of this species have already been detected in several European countries. To assess the possible risk to biodiversity by spreading of S. perfoliatum, we investigated the competitiveness of this species against the native and highly competitive Urtica dioica over four years in a field experiment in Bayreuth (Germany). S. perfoliatum grew well among U. dioica, although its biomass was strongly reduced by surrounding U. dioica. Projection area, plant height, and reproductive potential were less or similarly reduced by surrounding U. dioica as by the intraspecific competition. Moreover, S. perfoliatum significantly suppressed the growth of the competitive U. dioica. A settlement and establishment of S. perfoliatum in the native flora of Central Europe and a suppression of uncompetitive plant species are therefore conceivable.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89134295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. K. Mutasa, Brian Jones, I. Tendaupenyu, T. Nhiwatiwa, Mzime R. Ndebele-Murisa
Global warming is a serious world problem where earth’s temperature has been reported to increase over the years; the aquatic ecosystems are also not the exceptions. But, the effects of this phenomenon on the aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. This study aims to understand the influence of surface temperature on the population density of Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kariba. We constructed a mathematical model on the population dynamics of Limnothrissa miodon with nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and Hydrocynus vittatus. Lake surface water temperature was modelled by a cosine function, and the parameters were estimated from data fitting. Numerical simulations were used to determine the stability of the nonautonomous model. Numerical simulation results of the nonautonomous model showed a stable periodic orbit for varying initial conditions, and therefore, instability. Numerical techniques were used to investigate the influence of surface water temperature on Limnothrissa miodon. Results from the model with fitted lake surface water temperature data showed that a shift in the optimal temperature for phytoplankton growth from 25 ° C to 34 ° C, corresponding to dominance of Cyanophyceae over Chlorophyceae, resulted in a decline in the population density of Limnothrissa miodon. Numerical results showed that the population density of Limnothrissa miodon declines after an optimum temperature of 30 ° C for phytoplankton growth. Numerical simulation results suggested that warming of the lake may lead to a decline in Limnothrissa miodon population density in Lake Kariba.
{"title":"Surface Temperature Influences the Population of Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kariba","authors":"F. K. Mutasa, Brian Jones, I. Tendaupenyu, T. Nhiwatiwa, Mzime R. Ndebele-Murisa","doi":"10.1155/2023/1457714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1457714","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is a serious world problem where earth’s temperature has been reported to increase over the years; the aquatic ecosystems are also not the exceptions. But, the effects of this phenomenon on the aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. This study aims to understand the influence of surface temperature on the population density of Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kariba. We constructed a mathematical model on the population dynamics of Limnothrissa miodon with nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and Hydrocynus vittatus. Lake surface water temperature was modelled by a cosine function, and the parameters were estimated from data fitting. Numerical simulations were used to determine the stability of the nonautonomous model. Numerical simulation results of the nonautonomous model showed a stable periodic orbit for varying initial conditions, and therefore, instability. Numerical techniques were used to investigate the influence of surface water temperature on Limnothrissa miodon. Results from the model with fitted lake surface water temperature data showed that a shift in the optimal temperature for phytoplankton growth from \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 25\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 °\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 C to \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 34\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 °\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 C, corresponding to dominance of Cyanophyceae over Chlorophyceae, resulted in a decline in the population density of Limnothrissa miodon. Numerical results showed that the population density of Limnothrissa miodon declines after an optimum temperature of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 30\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 °\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 C for phytoplankton growth. Numerical simulation results suggested that warming of the lake may lead to a decline in Limnothrissa miodon population density in Lake Kariba.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86062789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetlands are valuable resources that provide a variety of functions for local populations, including environmental, hydrological, and socioeconomic benefits. Despite the importance of wetlands to humanity, they have been largely degraded and even lost in many countries including Ethiopia because they are wrongly regarded as wastelands. Some wetland conservation policies were designed not based on the perceptions of the people residing around the wetlands and lack of attention to communal areas. It is because of this gap that a quantitative analysis of physicochemical soil quality analysis and the local community’s perceptions was carried out with the overall goal of analyzing the degradation status of Kadar-Basaso wetland and community perceptions. A cross-sectional research approach was used with a purposeful soil sampling from/in 6 plots sized 50 m × 50 m and >100 m apart along two transect lines, and 200 household heads chosen randomly from three villages(Basaso, Shallo, and Nano Robe) bordering the wetland. Soil sampling, questionnaires, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews were used to collect data and then examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The result shows that the Kadar-Basaso wetland was moderately degraded. The physicochemical analysis of the soil reveals that the pH was acidic, indicating the presence of acidic waste effluents. In addition, the electric conductivity was salt-free, cation exchange capacity were found to be low, the organic matter was relatively low, potassium levels vary very little, and Phosphorous variation was minimal. Expansion of farmland and Overgrazing were the most damaging elements affecting wetland biodiversity. From the analysis, it was noted that communities’ attitudes influence human activities on the wetland. The study recommends that the government and wetland management authorities must establish strategies to minimize deterioration in the area and offer better infrastructure for both livestock keepers and farmers to improve the long-term usage of wetlands. The best management strategies should be devised for all sizes, types, and all site wetlands.
湿地是为当地居民提供多种功能的宝贵资源，包括环境、水文和社会经济效益。尽管湿地对人类很重要，但在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多国家，湿地已经大面积退化，甚至消失，因为它们被错误地视为荒地。一些湿地保护政策的制定没有基于湿地周围居民的看法，缺乏对公共区域的关注。正是由于这一差距，我们开展了理化土壤质量分析和当地社区感知的定量分析，总体目标是分析卡达尔-巴萨索湿地的退化状况和社区感知。采用横断面研究方法，沿着两条样线从6个间距为50 m × 50 m和>100 m的样地中随机抽取土壤样本，并从与湿地接壤的3个村庄(Basaso、Shallo和Nano Robe)中随机抽取200名户主。采用土壤取样、问卷调查、焦点小组讨论和关键信息提供者访谈来收集数据，然后进行定量和定性检查。结果表明，卡达尔-巴萨索湿地处于中度退化状态。对土壤的理化分析表明，pH值呈酸性，表明存在酸性废水。此外，电导率无盐，阳离子交换量低，有机质含量相对较低，钾含量变化很小，磷含量变化最小。农田扩张和过度放牧是影响湿地生物多样性的主要因素。从分析中可以看出，社区的态度影响着人类在湿地上的活动。该研究建议，政府和湿地管理当局必须制定战略，尽量减少该地区的退化，并为牲畜饲养者和农民提供更好的基础设施，以改善湿地的长期利用。应针对所有湿地的大小、类型和地点制定最佳的管理策略。
{"title":"Degradation Status and Local Community Perception towards Kadar-Basaso Wetland in Sinana District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Umer Abdela, Abdurazak Oumer, Abdulkedir Ukule","doi":"10.1155/2023/5621969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5621969","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands are valuable resources that provide a variety of functions for local populations, including environmental, hydrological, and socioeconomic benefits. Despite the importance of wetlands to humanity, they have been largely degraded and even lost in many countries including Ethiopia because they are wrongly regarded as wastelands. Some wetland conservation policies were designed not based on the perceptions of the people residing around the wetlands and lack of attention to communal areas. It is because of this gap that a quantitative analysis of physicochemical soil quality analysis and the local community’s perceptions was carried out with the overall goal of analyzing the degradation status of Kadar-Basaso wetland and community perceptions. A cross-sectional research approach was used with a purposeful soil sampling from/in 6 plots sized 50 m × 50 m and >100 m apart along two transect lines, and 200 household heads chosen randomly from three villages(Basaso, Shallo, and Nano Robe) bordering the wetland. Soil sampling, questionnaires, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews were used to collect data and then examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The result shows that the Kadar-Basaso wetland was moderately degraded. The physicochemical analysis of the soil reveals that the pH was acidic, indicating the presence of acidic waste effluents. In addition, the electric conductivity was salt-free, cation exchange capacity were found to be low, the organic matter was relatively low, potassium levels vary very little, and Phosphorous variation was minimal. Expansion of farmland and Overgrazing were the most damaging elements affecting wetland biodiversity. From the analysis, it was noted that communities’ attitudes influence human activities on the wetland. The study recommends that the government and wetland management authorities must establish strategies to minimize deterioration in the area and offer better infrastructure for both livestock keepers and farmers to improve the long-term usage of wetlands. The best management strategies should be devised for all sizes, types, and all site wetlands.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84862175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to estimate the physical and monetary values for nontimber forest products (NTFP) of the Surra government plantation in the upper Hare-Baso rivers catchment of Gamo highlands, southwestern Ethiopia. The Surra government plantation was established in the mid-1980s and consisted of C. lusitanica, E. globulus, and P. radiata tree species, which were planted side by side. Because of food insecurity, forest proximity communities/inhabitants relied on extracting NTFP such as litter and fodder for income and livestock feed despite none of them being physically and monetarily accounted for. The plot method and stock change approach were applied to determine sample plots and collect litter data, respectively, while the active market price was used to account for monetary correspondences. Fodder data were acquired via integration of animal unit month (AUM), livestock carrying capacity, animal unit equivalent (AUE/TLU), quality of pasture (poor), and proper use factor (30%). Its monetary price data were collected from the local market. The gross total production of litter and grass/fodder was 158,614.90 kg and 284,076 kg per/year, respectively, while the corresponding monetary values were ETB 206,169.40 and ETB 255,669, respectively. However, the “proper use factor”-based physical value of fodder/grass was 85,224 kg per/year, and its corresponding monetary value was ETB 76,701. The average physical value (volume) of grass production/year during the wet and dry seasons was 56.67 kg and 96.67 kg, and its mean monetary price/kg was ETB 1.4 and 1.2, respectively. It was concluded that the fodder/grass data collected via the integrated approach reduced the accounting errors, and the data were more precise. Accounting for the economic values of litter and fodder embedded in the market price upscaled the accounting quality and was more indicative of ground facts. Therefore, this study contributed a fresh accounting approach to the field of NTFP accounting.
该研究旨在估计埃塞俄比亚西南部加莫高地上部Hare-Baso河流域Surra政府种植园的非木材林产品(NTFP)的物质和货币价值。苏拉政府人工林建立于20世纪80年代中期，由卢西塔尼卡(C. lusitanica)、金球蓝(E. globulus)和辐射木(P. radiata)三种树种并列种植而成。由于粮食不安全，森林附近的社区/居民依赖于提取非森林物质，如垃圾和饲料，以获得收入和牲畜饲料，尽管这些物质和货币都没有计算在内。样地和凋落物数据分别采用样地法和存量变化法，货币对应采用活跃市场价格。饲料数据通过动物单位月(AUM)、牲畜承载能力、动物单位当量(AUE/TLU)、牧草质量(差)和合理利用因子(30%)的综合得到。其货币价格数据是从当地市场收集的。凋落物和草料总产量分别为158,614.90 kg /年和284,076 kg /年，相应的货币价值分别为206,169.40和255,669欧元。然而，基于“合理利用因子”的饲料/草的物理价值为85,224 kg /年，相应的货币价值为76,701欧元。湿季和旱季平均产草量(体积)为56.67 kg和96.67 kg，平均货币价格为1.4 ETB /kg和1.2 ETB /kg。综上所述，采用综合方法采集的饲料/牧草数据减少了会计误差，数据更加精确。将凋落物和饲料的经济价值计入市场价格，提高了会计质量，更能反映实际情况。因此，本研究为NTFP会计领域提供了一种新的会计方法。
{"title":"Physical and Economic Valuation for Nontimber Forest Products (NTFPs) of Surra Government Plantation in the Upper Hare-Baso Rivers Catchment, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Mada, A. Anjulo, Abren Gelaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/6192340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6192340","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the physical and monetary values for nontimber forest products (NTFP) of the Surra government plantation in the upper Hare-Baso rivers catchment of Gamo highlands, southwestern Ethiopia. The Surra government plantation was established in the mid-1980s and consisted of C. lusitanica, E. globulus, and P. radiata tree species, which were planted side by side. Because of food insecurity, forest proximity communities/inhabitants relied on extracting NTFP such as litter and fodder for income and livestock feed despite none of them being physically and monetarily accounted for. The plot method and stock change approach were applied to determine sample plots and collect litter data, respectively, while the active market price was used to account for monetary correspondences. Fodder data were acquired via integration of animal unit month (AUM), livestock carrying capacity, animal unit equivalent (AUE/TLU), quality of pasture (poor), and proper use factor (30%). Its monetary price data were collected from the local market. The gross total production of litter and grass/fodder was 158,614.90 kg and 284,076 kg per/year, respectively, while the corresponding monetary values were ETB 206,169.40 and ETB 255,669, respectively. However, the “proper use factor”-based physical value of fodder/grass was 85,224 kg per/year, and its corresponding monetary value was ETB 76,701. The average physical value (volume) of grass production/year during the wet and dry seasons was 56.67 kg and 96.67 kg, and its mean monetary price/kg was ETB 1.4 and 1.2, respectively. It was concluded that the fodder/grass data collected via the integrated approach reduced the accounting errors, and the data were more precise. Accounting for the economic values of litter and fodder embedded in the market price upscaled the accounting quality and was more indicative of ground facts. Therefore, this study contributed a fresh accounting approach to the field of NTFP accounting.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72556977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study estimated the technical efficiency of small-scale trawling in the Mekong Delta using a translog stochastic frontier production function model. Primary data were collected by interviewing the small-scale trawling vessels from January 2020 to May 2021 in the four coastal provinces (Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, and Kien Giang) of the Mekong Delta. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of the surveyed fishermen was approximately 68.8%. Small-scale trawling vessels could increase their production by 31.2% if they operated at full technical efficiency. The captain’s fishing experience, vessel size, the number of nets on a boat, cooperation for inputs, supplies, and problem-solving, fishing registration, operation distance, and the fishing grounds were the main factors influencing the technical efficiency. To improve the technical efficiency of the trawling industry, it is necessary to focus on training the captains in fishing techniques, upgrading and converting large-scale vessels, and linking the market channels for consuming the caught fishery products.
{"title":"Technical Efficiency of Fishing Activities: A Case Study of Small-Scale Trawling in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"D. T. Phuong, N. Long, Huynh Viet Khai","doi":"10.1155/2023/9947377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9947377","url":null,"abstract":"This study estimated the technical efficiency of small-scale trawling in the Mekong Delta using a translog stochastic frontier production function model. Primary data were collected by interviewing the small-scale trawling vessels from January 2020 to May 2021 in the four coastal provinces (Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, and Kien Giang) of the Mekong Delta. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of the surveyed fishermen was approximately 68.8%. Small-scale trawling vessels could increase their production by 31.2% if they operated at full technical efficiency. The captain’s fishing experience, vessel size, the number of nets on a boat, cooperation for inputs, supplies, and problem-solving, fishing registration, operation distance, and the fishing grounds were the main factors influencing the technical efficiency. To improve the technical efficiency of the trawling industry, it is necessary to focus on training the captains in fishing techniques, upgrading and converting large-scale vessels, and linking the market channels for consuming the caught fishery products.","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83826521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sonkoué, Manuella Kelly Djeuga Youga, Carine Pamela Kenfack, Armel Boris Takenne Wamba, G. Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, C. Dubois, T. Fonkou
Echinops giganteus A. Rich. is an aromatic and medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family exploited in Cameroon under the access and benefit sharing (ABS) standard. Despite its importance, little information exists on the ecology of E. giganteus. The aim of the present study was to contribute to a better understanding of its ecology for sustainable management in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Occurrence data as well as stationary ecological information were collected in the field and from different databases. Bioclimatic data were extracted from the WorldClim database and processed using DIVA-GIS and Maxent software. The Braun-Blanquet quadrat method was used for the phytosociological study. Results showed that the distribution of E. giganteus in its wild state is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. This distribution is likely conditioned by altitude (1000 m–2600 m), light, temperature, and rainfall. The bioclimatic variables that best explained this distribution were the mean annual temperature (Bio1: 38.8%) and the precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19: 24.9%), and their favorable ranges were between 2°C–32°C and 300 mm–1800 mm, respectively. E. giganteus is a heliophilic plant that prefers well-drained substrates and would not have a requirement for organic matter. The floristic analysis of the E. giganteus community identified 68 plant species in 59 genera and 28 botanical families, with the most represented family being the Asteraceae (49%). The average species richness per quadrat was 8 species, dominated by herbs. Species consistent with E. giganteus were Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams and Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Chamaephytes and Phanerophytes were dominant among the biological types, while the phytogeographic types were dominated by Pantropical species (38.23%). The most represented diaspore types and modes of dissemination were pogonochores (35.85%) and anemochores (55.38%).
{"title":"Ecology of Echinops giganteus A. Rich. in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Ecoclimatic Niche, and Phytosociology","authors":"P. Sonkoué, Manuella Kelly Djeuga Youga, Carine Pamela Kenfack, Armel Boris Takenne Wamba, G. Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, C. Dubois, T. Fonkou","doi":"10.1155/2023/9310526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9310526","url":null,"abstract":"Echinops giganteus A. Rich. is an aromatic and medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family exploited in Cameroon under the access and benefit sharing (ABS) standard. Despite its importance, little information exists on the ecology of E. giganteus. The aim of the present study was to contribute to a better understanding of its ecology for sustainable management in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Occurrence data as well as stationary ecological information were collected in the field and from different databases. Bioclimatic data were extracted from the WorldClim database and processed using DIVA-GIS and Maxent software. The Braun-Blanquet quadrat method was used for the phytosociological study. Results showed that the distribution of E. giganteus in its wild state is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. This distribution is likely conditioned by altitude (1000 m–2600 m), light, temperature, and rainfall. The bioclimatic variables that best explained this distribution were the mean annual temperature (Bio1: 38.8%) and the precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19: 24.9%), and their favorable ranges were between 2°C–32°C and 300 mm–1800 mm, respectively. E. giganteus is a heliophilic plant that prefers well-drained substrates and would not have a requirement for organic matter. The floristic analysis of the E. giganteus community identified 68 plant species in 59 genera and 28 botanical families, with the most represented family being the Asteraceae (49%). The average species richness per quadrat was 8 species, dominated by herbs. Species consistent with E. giganteus were Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams and Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Chamaephytes and Phanerophytes were dominant among the biological types, while the phytogeographic types were dominated by Pantropical species (38.23%). The most represented diaspore types and modes of dissemination were pogonochores (35.85%) and anemochores (55.38%).","PeriodicalId":43584,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82286226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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