Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887869
A. J. Williams
Since 1977 papers have been published and talks presented about measurement of fluid flow by differential acoustic travel-time. The technique is older than these publications but a compilation of these will serve as a research source for understanding the development of the technique through 2014. The earliest papers describe the differential acoustic travel-time technique as applied to a free-fall shear meter and then to a boundary layer array. Next are the benthic boundary layer studies that gave rise to the BASS tripods and their application to the deep-sea sediment transport problem. Deep-sea applications transitioned to shelf depths and the combination of waves and current in estimates of bottom stress. Studies of the upper boundary layer used bottom tripods suspended from surface floats or mounted on tower legs to study air-sea interaction and mixing under waves in the surface boundary layer. Free drifting velocity sensing arrays were deployed to study internal diapycnal mixing. There are a series of papers about Richardson number measurements from RiNo floats. Finally the development of a compact single-point sensor based upon the differential acoustic travel-time technique is described in papers that progress through analyses of performance and enhancements as well as applications of the Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor, MAVS.
{"title":"Current measurement by differential acoustic travel-time reviewed","authors":"A. J. Williams","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887869","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1977 papers have been published and talks presented about measurement of fluid flow by differential acoustic travel-time. The technique is older than these publications but a compilation of these will serve as a research source for understanding the development of the technique through 2014. The earliest papers describe the differential acoustic travel-time technique as applied to a free-fall shear meter and then to a boundary layer array. Next are the benthic boundary layer studies that gave rise to the BASS tripods and their application to the deep-sea sediment transport problem. Deep-sea applications transitioned to shelf depths and the combination of waves and current in estimates of bottom stress. Studies of the upper boundary layer used bottom tripods suspended from surface floats or mounted on tower legs to study air-sea interaction and mixing under waves in the surface boundary layer. Free drifting velocity sensing arrays were deployed to study internal diapycnal mixing. There are a series of papers about Richardson number measurements from RiNo floats. Finally the development of a compact single-point sensor based upon the differential acoustic travel-time technique is described in papers that progress through analyses of performance and enhancements as well as applications of the Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor, MAVS.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887864
S. Kholodkevich, T. Kuznetsova
The paper presents the development of non-invasive bioelectronic system of cardiac activity monitoring for the purposes of water quality indication, the potential of the system and the perspectives of simultaneous use with other systems of real time environmental monitoring.
{"title":"In situ measurements of cardiac activity characteristics in indigenous macrobenthic invertebrates for water quality bioindication","authors":"S. Kholodkevich, T. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887864","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the development of non-invasive bioelectronic system of cardiac activity monitoring for the purposes of water quality indication, the potential of the system and the perspectives of simultaneous use with other systems of real time environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124879081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887878
E. Esiukova, I. Chubarenko, A. O. Sinyukhin
We aim to find on MODIS (Aqua, Terra) SST-pictures of the South-Eastern Baltic those characteristic features, which allow to distinguish the differential coastal cooling from the coastal upwelling events, even though their manifestations look much alike. The basis is data of MODIS (Aqua, Terra) spectroradiometers for 2000–2013. We analyze horizontal SST-profiles above coastal slopes under conditions of autumnal cooling and during well known upwelling events. The SST profiles above slopes are formed as a result of joint contribution of heat exchange with the atmosphere and horizontal transport of heat from the sea. Satellite images of October-November, corresponding to the periods of well pronounced decrease in air temperature (with time rate of change as large as 0.86–2.54 C/day) were analyzed. Typical shape of the profiles, demonstrating the presence of differential coastal cooling over the distance of 10–20 km from the shore, allows for allocation of the region where thermocline meets the slope, what gives (for the given bathymetry) an information on current thickness of the upper mixed layer (UML). Shape of the SST profile is quite conservative, not sensitive to both the steepness of the bottom slope, bathymetry peculiarities, and intensity of cooling and even wind conditions, indicating that sea-shelf heat exchange is in general close to the steady state. The SST drop from open to coastal area is about 2–3 °C and does not depend on the thickness of the UML or the steepness of the slope. On the other hand, about 90 events of coastal upwelling in May-November 2000–2013 in South-Eastern Baltic were selected and the features of the horizontal SST-profiles above the same coastal slopes were analyzed. It appeared that the shape of the SST-profiles demonstrates the presence of upwelling quite definitely, what allows for effective differentiation from the coastal cooling effects.
{"title":"How to differentiate between coastal cooling and upwelling events on SST images?","authors":"E. Esiukova, I. Chubarenko, A. O. Sinyukhin","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887878","url":null,"abstract":"We aim to find on MODIS (Aqua, Terra) SST-pictures of the South-Eastern Baltic those characteristic features, which allow to distinguish the differential coastal cooling from the coastal upwelling events, even though their manifestations look much alike. The basis is data of MODIS (Aqua, Terra) spectroradiometers for 2000–2013. We analyze horizontal SST-profiles above coastal slopes under conditions of autumnal cooling and during well known upwelling events. The SST profiles above slopes are formed as a result of joint contribution of heat exchange with the atmosphere and horizontal transport of heat from the sea. Satellite images of October-November, corresponding to the periods of well pronounced decrease in air temperature (with time rate of change as large as 0.86–2.54 C/day) were analyzed. Typical shape of the profiles, demonstrating the presence of differential coastal cooling over the distance of 10–20 km from the shore, allows for allocation of the region where thermocline meets the slope, what gives (for the given bathymetry) an information on current thickness of the upper mixed layer (UML). Shape of the SST profile is quite conservative, not sensitive to both the steepness of the bottom slope, bathymetry peculiarities, and intensity of cooling and even wind conditions, indicating that sea-shelf heat exchange is in general close to the steady state. The SST drop from open to coastal area is about 2–3 °C and does not depend on the thickness of the UML or the steepness of the slope. On the other hand, about 90 events of coastal upwelling in May-November 2000–2013 in South-Eastern Baltic were selected and the features of the horizontal SST-profiles above the same coastal slopes were analyzed. It appeared that the shape of the SST-profiles demonstrates the presence of upwelling quite definitely, what allows for effective differentiation from the coastal cooling effects.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131563078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887829
M. Eelsalu, M. Org, T. Soomere
The basic properties of wave fields in the Gulf of Riga, the third largest semi-enclosed sub-basin of the Baltic Sea, are evaluated using recently digitized records of coastal visual wave observations from the island of Ruhnu (57°47' N, 23°15'32” E) in the central part of the gulf and from a site near the south-eastern tip of the Sõrve Peninsula site (57°54'04“ N, 22°03'28” E) for 1954-2011. The basic features of the wave climate in the Gulf of Riga are similar to those in other parts of the Baltic Sea. The long-term average wave heights are relatively low, about 0.5 m at Ruhnu and 0.35 m at Sõrve. Waves are shorter than in several other parts of the Baltic Sea: the typical periods are 3-4 s at Ruhnu and below 3 s at Sõrve. The annual course of wave heights at Ruhnu is more pronounced than in the open parts of the Baltic Sea but this course at Sõrve is relatively modest. The data sets reveal no distinct trend in the annual mean wave heights. While the Ruhnu data set exhibits extensive interannual and decadal variations in the wave height, the observations from Sõrve (that is much more sheltered against waves exited by predominant winds) show no substantial variations. The correlation between annual mean wave heights at these two sites and with data from the open Baltic Sea coast is modest. The results reflect substantial anisotropy of the wave climate of the Gulf of Riga that has relatively large wave intensity in its central and eastern regions.
里加湾是波罗的海的第三大半封闭子盆地，利用最近的数字化海岸视觉波观测记录评估了里加湾波场的基本特性，这些记录来自海湾中部的Ruhnu岛(57°47′N, 23°15′32”E)和Sõrve半岛遗址东南端附近的一个地点(57°54′04”N, 22°03′28”E)，时间为1954-2011年。里加湾波浪气候的基本特征与波罗的海其他地区相似。长期平均浪高相对较低，如奴约0.5 m, Sõrve约0.35 m。波浪比波罗的海的其他几个地方短:Ruhnu的典型周期为3-4秒，Sõrve的周期低于3秒。鲁赫努每年的浪高变化过程比波罗的海的开阔地区更明显，但Sõrve的浪高变化过程相对温和。数据集显示年平均浪高没有明显的趋势。虽然Ruhnu数据集显示了波浪高度的年际和年代际变化，但来自Sõrve的观测结果(它更受主导风产生的波浪的保护)没有显示出实质性的变化。这两个地点的年平均浪高与波罗的海开阔海岸的数据之间的相关性不大。结果反映了里加湾中部和东部波浪强度较大的波浪气候具有明显的各向异性。
{"title":"Visually observed wave climate in the Gulf of Riga","authors":"M. Eelsalu, M. Org, T. Soomere","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887829","url":null,"abstract":"The basic properties of wave fields in the Gulf of Riga, the third largest semi-enclosed sub-basin of the Baltic Sea, are evaluated using recently digitized records of coastal visual wave observations from the island of Ruhnu (57°47' N, 23°15'32” E) in the central part of the gulf and from a site near the south-eastern tip of the Sõrve Peninsula site (57°54'04“ N, 22°03'28” E) for 1954-2011. The basic features of the wave climate in the Gulf of Riga are similar to those in other parts of the Baltic Sea. The long-term average wave heights are relatively low, about 0.5 m at Ruhnu and 0.35 m at Sõrve. Waves are shorter than in several other parts of the Baltic Sea: the typical periods are 3-4 s at Ruhnu and below 3 s at Sõrve. The annual course of wave heights at Ruhnu is more pronounced than in the open parts of the Baltic Sea but this course at Sõrve is relatively modest. The data sets reveal no distinct trend in the annual mean wave heights. While the Ruhnu data set exhibits extensive interannual and decadal variations in the wave height, the observations from Sõrve (that is much more sheltered against waves exited by predominant winds) show no substantial variations. The correlation between annual mean wave heights at these two sites and with data from the open Baltic Sea coast is modest. The results reflect substantial anisotropy of the wave climate of the Gulf of Riga that has relatively large wave intensity in its central and eastern regions.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132238137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887859
K. Pindsoo, M. Eelsalu, T. Soomere, H. Tõnisson
The purpose of the study is to quantify the remote impact of wakes from fast ferries on the relocation of coarse gravel (diameter 1-2.5 cm), pebbles (2.5-5 cm) and cobbles (5-10 cm), The study site is at the coast of the island of Aegna in Tallinn Bay. Experiments were performed in the calm season (JuneJuly 2013) when the majority of gravel and pebbles were set into motion by vessel wakes. A few thousands of painted sediment grains were laid along a straight line (perpendicular to the waterline) to the subaerial beach until the observed highest wave run-up line and in batches at depths of 0.5-10 m. The location of each painted grain visible in the swash zone was positioned daily with the RTK-GPS device for nine subsequent days and once after three months in October. The relocation of the center of mass and dispersion of each size class and the skewness of the entire painted grain set was evaluated daily. Simultaneous measurements of vessel wakes in the nearshore made it possible to relate the properties of sediment transport with the properties of incoming waves.
{"title":"An estimate of the impact of vessel wakes on coastal processes: A case study for Aegna, Estonia","authors":"K. Pindsoo, M. Eelsalu, T. Soomere, H. Tõnisson","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887859","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to quantify the remote impact of wakes from fast ferries on the relocation of coarse gravel (diameter 1-2.5 cm), pebbles (2.5-5 cm) and cobbles (5-10 cm), The study site is at the coast of the island of Aegna in Tallinn Bay. Experiments were performed in the calm season (JuneJuly 2013) when the majority of gravel and pebbles were set into motion by vessel wakes. A few thousands of painted sediment grains were laid along a straight line (perpendicular to the waterline) to the subaerial beach until the observed highest wave run-up line and in batches at depths of 0.5-10 m. The location of each painted grain visible in the swash zone was positioned daily with the RTK-GPS device for nine subsequent days and once after three months in October. The relocation of the center of mass and dispersion of each size class and the skewness of the entire painted grain set was evaluated daily. Simultaneous measurements of vessel wakes in the nearshore made it possible to relate the properties of sediment transport with the properties of incoming waves.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"751 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132518257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887836
V. Klemas
During the past four decades the fisheries productivity of the world has been declining due to pressures from overfishing, habitat change, pollution, and climate change. Sustainable use of marine resources requires effective monitoring and management of the world's fish stocks. Remote sensing techniques are being used to help manage fisheries at sustainable levels, while also guiding fishing fleets to locate fish schools more efficiently. Fish tend to aggregate in ocean areas that exhibit conditions favored by specific fish species. Some of the relevant oceanographic conditions, such as sea surface temperature, ocean color (productivity) and oceanic fronts, which strongly influence natural fluctuations of fish stocks, can be observed and measured by remote sensors on satellites and aircraft. The remotely sensed data are provided in near-real time to help fishermen save fuel and ship time during their search for fish; to modelers who produce fisheries forecasts; and to scientists who help develop strategies for sustainable fisheries management. This article describes how acoustic, optical and radar sensors on ships, satellites and aircraft are used with forecast models to improve the management and harvesting of fisheries resources.
{"title":"Advances in fisheries applications of remote sensing","authors":"V. Klemas","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887836","url":null,"abstract":"During the past four decades the fisheries productivity of the world has been declining due to pressures from overfishing, habitat change, pollution, and climate change. Sustainable use of marine resources requires effective monitoring and management of the world's fish stocks. Remote sensing techniques are being used to help manage fisheries at sustainable levels, while also guiding fishing fleets to locate fish schools more efficiently. Fish tend to aggregate in ocean areas that exhibit conditions favored by specific fish species. Some of the relevant oceanographic conditions, such as sea surface temperature, ocean color (productivity) and oceanic fronts, which strongly influence natural fluctuations of fish stocks, can be observed and measured by remote sensors on satellites and aircraft. The remotely sensed data are provided in near-real time to help fishermen save fuel and ship time during their search for fish; to modelers who produce fisheries forecasts; and to scientists who help develop strategies for sustainable fisheries management. This article describes how acoustic, optical and radar sensors on ships, satellites and aircraft are used with forecast models to improve the management and harvesting of fisheries resources.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126987080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/baltic.2014.6887839
E. Esiukova, I. Chubarenko, A. O. Sinyukhin
We aim to find on MODIS (Aqua, Terra) SST-pictures of the South-Eastern Baltic those characteristic features, which allow to distinguish the differential coastal cooling from the coastal upwelling events, even though their manifestations look much alike. The basis is data of MODIS (Aqua, Terra) spectroradiometers for 2000-2013. We analyze horizontal SST-profiles above coastal slopes under conditions of autumnal cooling and during well known upwelling events. The SST profiles above slopes are formed as a result of joint contribution of heat exchange with the atmosphere and horizontal transport of heat from the sea. Satellite images of October-November, corresponding to the periods of well pronounced decrease in air temperature (with time rate of change as large as 0.86-2.54 C/day) were analyzed. Typical shape of the profiles, demonstrating the presence of differential coastal cooling over the distance of 10-20 km from the shore, allows for allocation of the region where thermocline meets the slope, what gives (for the given bathymetry) an information on current thickness of the upper mixed layer (UML). Shape of the SST profile is quite conservative, not sensitive to both the steepness of the bottom slope, bathymetry peculiarities, and intensity of cooling and even wind conditions, indicating that sea-shelf heat exchange is in general close to the steady state. The SST drop from open to coastal area is about 2-3°C and does not depend on the thickness of the UML or the steepness of the slope. On the other hand, about 90 events of coastal upwelling in May-November 2000-2013 in South-Eastern Baltic were selected and the features of the horizontal SST-profiles above the same coastal slopes were analyzed. It appeared that the shape of the SST-profiles demonstrates the presence of upwelling quite definitely, what allows for effective differentiation from the coastal cooling effects.
{"title":"How to differentiate between coastal cooling and upwelling events on SST images?","authors":"E. Esiukova, I. Chubarenko, A. O. Sinyukhin","doi":"10.1109/baltic.2014.6887839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887839","url":null,"abstract":"We aim to find on MODIS (Aqua, Terra) SST-pictures of the South-Eastern Baltic those characteristic features, which allow to distinguish the differential coastal cooling from the coastal upwelling events, even though their manifestations look much alike. The basis is data of MODIS (Aqua, Terra) spectroradiometers for 2000-2013. We analyze horizontal SST-profiles above coastal slopes under conditions of autumnal cooling and during well known upwelling events. The SST profiles above slopes are formed as a result of joint contribution of heat exchange with the atmosphere and horizontal transport of heat from the sea. Satellite images of October-November, corresponding to the periods of well pronounced decrease in air temperature (with time rate of change as large as 0.86-2.54 C/day) were analyzed. Typical shape of the profiles, demonstrating the presence of differential coastal cooling over the distance of 10-20 km from the shore, allows for allocation of the region where thermocline meets the slope, what gives (for the given bathymetry) an information on current thickness of the upper mixed layer (UML). Shape of the SST profile is quite conservative, not sensitive to both the steepness of the bottom slope, bathymetry peculiarities, and intensity of cooling and even wind conditions, indicating that sea-shelf heat exchange is in general close to the steady state. The SST drop from open to coastal area is about 2-3°C and does not depend on the thickness of the UML or the steepness of the slope. On the other hand, about 90 events of coastal upwelling in May-November 2000-2013 in South-Eastern Baltic were selected and the features of the horizontal SST-profiles above the same coastal slopes were analyzed. It appeared that the shape of the SST-profiles demonstrates the presence of upwelling quite definitely, what allows for effective differentiation from the coastal cooling effects.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/baltic.2014.6887883
Toma Mingėlaitė, I. Dailidienė, I. Kozlov
In this work we present a basic statistics of coastal upwelling parameters inferred from satellite infrared (IR) Terra/Aqua MODIS sea surface temperature (SST) maps acquired over the South-Eastern (SE) Baltic Sea between 2000 and 2013. The maximum observed SST gradients across the front were up to 1.6 °C/km, temperature drop up to 14°C with total upwelling-affected area up to 16000 km2. The observed horizontal scale of the upwelling is about 100–400 km along the coast, and 10–20 km (max 70–80 km) cross-shore. The duration of the upwelling in this part of the sea is from several days up to several weeks. It is also shown that intensive coastal upwelling in the SE Baltic may lead up to the 40-km long intrusion of relatively cold and saline sea water into the Curonian Lagoon forming very pronounced property gradients there and affecting nearly a half of the Lithuanian part of the lagoon.
{"title":"Space-derived parameters of coastal upwelling in the SE Baltic Sea","authors":"Toma Mingėlaitė, I. Dailidienė, I. Kozlov","doi":"10.1109/baltic.2014.6887883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887883","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present a basic statistics of coastal upwelling parameters inferred from satellite infrared (IR) Terra/Aqua MODIS sea surface temperature (SST) maps acquired over the South-Eastern (SE) Baltic Sea between 2000 and 2013. The maximum observed SST gradients across the front were up to 1.6 °C/km, temperature drop up to 14°C with total upwelling-affected area up to 16000 km2. The observed horizontal scale of the upwelling is about 100–400 km along the coast, and 10–20 km (max 70–80 km) cross-shore. The duration of the upwelling in this part of the sea is from several days up to several weeks. It is also shown that intensive coastal upwelling in the SE Baltic may lead up to the 40-km long intrusion of relatively cold and saline sea water into the Curonian Lagoon forming very pronounced property gradients there and affecting nearly a half of the Lithuanian part of the lagoon.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116763747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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