Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887854
I. Nikolkina, T. Soomere, A. Raamet
Several versions of the wave climate of the Baltic Sea are reconstructed by means of the spectral wave model WAM with a resolution about 3 nautical miles. This model (optionally covering different frequency range) is forced with two versions of wind fields and with and without the information about sea ice. We discuss the wave fields calculated for 1957-2008 (52 years) using high-resolution COSMO wind hindcast and for 1970-2007 (38 years) using slightly adjusted geostrophic wind fields from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute database. The runs are performed in parallel with and without ice information. We provide a comparison of spatial distributions of the main climatological parameters (average wave heights, higher percentiles of wave heights etc., formal trends of these quantities) for these runs. All simulations replicate the well-known features of the Baltic Sea wave climate as the moderate average wave heights, extensive intermittency of wave properties and substantial spatial anisotropy of typical and extreme wave heights, with relatively severe wave climate in the eastern parts of the Baltic Proper and its sub-basins. The simulations also indicate widespread differences in the long-term behavior of average wave heights and higher percentiles of the wave heights in different sea areas.
{"title":"Multidecadal ensemble hindcast of wave fields in the Baltic Sea","authors":"I. Nikolkina, T. Soomere, A. Raamet","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887854","url":null,"abstract":"Several versions of the wave climate of the Baltic Sea are reconstructed by means of the spectral wave model WAM with a resolution about 3 nautical miles. This model (optionally covering different frequency range) is forced with two versions of wind fields and with and without the information about sea ice. We discuss the wave fields calculated for 1957-2008 (52 years) using high-resolution COSMO wind hindcast and for 1970-2007 (38 years) using slightly adjusted geostrophic wind fields from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute database. The runs are performed in parallel with and without ice information. We provide a comparison of spatial distributions of the main climatological parameters (average wave heights, higher percentiles of wave heights etc., formal trends of these quantities) for these runs. All simulations replicate the well-known features of the Baltic Sea wave climate as the moderate average wave heights, extensive intermittency of wave properties and substantial spatial anisotropy of typical and extreme wave heights, with relatively severe wave climate in the eastern parts of the Baltic Proper and its sub-basins. The simulations also indicate widespread differences in the long-term behavior of average wave heights and higher percentiles of the wave heights in different sea areas.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887848
V. Rozhkov, E. Litina, S. Kaitala, Y. Klevantsov, E. Zakharchuk
The report presents a statistical analysis of sea water temperature and salinity measurements, implemented in framework of Alg@line project. The specificity of this information is that the measurements are performed at a depth 5 m with temporal discreteness about 20 sec and spatial resolution 200-250 m. In statistical analysis we will take as ensemble of realizations in space of desired configuration. Measurement data obtained from route Helsinki-Lübeck were used in this work; the cruises are quasiregular: their average duration is about 26 hours, the sections length L=1132 km, vessel speed on some areas is a random variable, sailing schedule have seasonal and inter-annual changes. Due to cruises “regularity”, in pattern space it becomes possible to split the ensemble of “spatial field inhomogeneity and its temporal variability” into algebraic field inhomogeneity and polycyclicity of its variability (in daily, synoptic, seasonal and inter-annual ranges). The dimensionality reduction of two-dimensional space (ri, ti) in one-dimensional space is achieved due to dependence ri=cti, where (ri, ti) are fixed, c - ship speed - is the random variable. It enables to use for data analysis the theory of almost periodically correlated random processes (Dragan, Rozhkov, Yayorskiy. Methods of probabilistic analysis of oceanographic processes rhythmics. Gidrometeoizdat, 1987). In the report the concept “rhythmics” is using in terms of cruises “regularity” and diurnal temperature variation of water, hence the daily rhythm should be analyzed in the astronomical time. Stochasticity has different meaning depending on selected probabilistic model. Probabilistic model can be represented as: ξ(r, t) = Σak(t)φk(r), where ak(t) - stochastic process, φk(r) - basis. The analysis results are presented in the report in the form: TS-diagrams typical for cruises, spatial TS-trends, parameters of the temperature daily rhythmic, synoptic variability parameters, considering its seasonal modulation.
{"title":"Methods and results of statistical analysis of Baltic sea monitoring data obtained by Alg@line system","authors":"V. Rozhkov, E. Litina, S. Kaitala, Y. Klevantsov, E. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887848","url":null,"abstract":"The report presents a statistical analysis of sea water temperature and salinity measurements, implemented in framework of Alg@line project. The specificity of this information is that the measurements are performed at a depth 5 m with temporal discreteness about 20 sec and spatial resolution 200-250 m. In statistical analysis we will take as ensemble of realizations in space of desired configuration. Measurement data obtained from route Helsinki-Lübeck were used in this work; the cruises are quasiregular: their average duration is about 26 hours, the sections length L=1132 km, vessel speed on some areas is a random variable, sailing schedule have seasonal and inter-annual changes. Due to cruises “regularity”, in pattern space it becomes possible to split the ensemble of “spatial field inhomogeneity and its temporal variability” into algebraic field inhomogeneity and polycyclicity of its variability (in daily, synoptic, seasonal and inter-annual ranges). The dimensionality reduction of two-dimensional space (ri, ti) in one-dimensional space is achieved due to dependence ri=cti, where (ri, ti) are fixed, c - ship speed - is the random variable. It enables to use for data analysis the theory of almost periodically correlated random processes (Dragan, Rozhkov, Yayorskiy. Methods of probabilistic analysis of oceanographic processes rhythmics. Gidrometeoizdat, 1987). In the report the concept “rhythmics” is using in terms of cruises “regularity” and diurnal temperature variation of water, hence the daily rhythm should be analyzed in the astronomical time. Stochasticity has different meaning depending on selected probabilistic model. Probabilistic model can be represented as: ξ(r, t) = Σak(t)φk(r), where ak(t) - stochastic process, φk(r) - basis. The analysis results are presented in the report in the form: TS-diagrams typical for cruises, spatial TS-trends, parameters of the temperature daily rhythmic, synoptic variability parameters, considering its seasonal modulation.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114358580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7118514
Remigijus Dailidė, I. Kozlov
The main aim of this work is to determine shortwave solar radiation and near surface air temperatures changes in the south-eastern (SE) Baltic region during 2000-2013 using satellite data and remote sensing methods. The amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth surface (both land and sea surfaces) and its atmosphere defines the local temperatures, meteorological conditions and may indicate climate change processes in the environment systems. Therefore solar radiation reaching the Earth is the main energy source governing the surface temperature dynamics both on the land and in the ocean. While the grid of meteorological stations measuring the solar radiation is rather sparse, satellite remote sensing data can be effectively used instead. However, the latter should also be treated carefully taking into account signal absorption, atmospheric clarity, could coverage, etc. In this work Terra and Aqua, MODIS and AIRS data of 15 x 15 km resolution was used to evaluate the incoming shortwave solar radiation and near-surface air temperature in the SE Baltic. Space-derived estimates were then compared with regular observations taken at the meteorological stations. The results of the work fairly demonstrate how CM SAF satellite data could be applied for the coastal climate zone indication, breeze dynamics research and cartography of the whole Baltic region.
{"title":"Remote sensing of shortwave solar radiation and near-surface air temperature changes in the south-eastern baltic","authors":"Remigijus Dailidė, I. Kozlov","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7118514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7118514","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this work is to determine shortwave solar radiation and near surface air temperatures changes in the south-eastern (SE) Baltic region during 2000-2013 using satellite data and remote sensing methods. The amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth surface (both land and sea surfaces) and its atmosphere defines the local temperatures, meteorological conditions and may indicate climate change processes in the environment systems. Therefore solar radiation reaching the Earth is the main energy source governing the surface temperature dynamics both on the land and in the ocean. While the grid of meteorological stations measuring the solar radiation is rather sparse, satellite remote sensing data can be effectively used instead. However, the latter should also be treated carefully taking into account signal absorption, atmospheric clarity, could coverage, etc. In this work Terra and Aqua, MODIS and AIRS data of 15 x 15 km resolution was used to evaluate the incoming shortwave solar radiation and near-surface air temperature in the SE Baltic. Space-derived estimates were then compared with regular observations taken at the meteorological stations. The results of the work fairly demonstrate how CM SAF satellite data could be applied for the coastal climate zone indication, breeze dynamics research and cartography of the whole Baltic region.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126770560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887832
N. Kolesova, M. Kõuts, K. Siimon, U. Raudsepp
The aim of this study is to give an overview of the morphological differences of Fucus vesiculosus in relation to environmental factors - salinity and bottom shear stress. In addition to that we also analysed diversity and abundance of F. vesiculosus associated fauna. Samples of F. vesiculosus were collected in 2013 by SCUBA diving from four study sites in Estonian coastal waters along the salinity gradient in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea. Our findings make a contribution to the field of sea ecology in Estonia as well as in the Baltic Sea on the whole. Our study confirms some results from previous articles - salinity is an important factor that affects F. vesiculosus morphology. However, we also obtained some new material about coastal F. vesiculosus individuals getting taller with decreasing salinity. Weak effect of wave action (bottom shear stress) on F. vesiculosus morphology is another unexpected result. Abundance and diversity of F. vesiculosus associated fauna also varies between study sites and is affected by salinity and wave action.
{"title":"Changes in the morphology of Fucus vesiculosus L. and abundance of seaweed associated fauna along the coastal sea of Estonia","authors":"N. Kolesova, M. Kõuts, K. Siimon, U. Raudsepp","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887832","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to give an overview of the morphological differences of Fucus vesiculosus in relation to environmental factors - salinity and bottom shear stress. In addition to that we also analysed diversity and abundance of F. vesiculosus associated fauna. Samples of F. vesiculosus were collected in 2013 by SCUBA diving from four study sites in Estonian coastal waters along the salinity gradient in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea. Our findings make a contribution to the field of sea ecology in Estonia as well as in the Baltic Sea on the whole. Our study confirms some results from previous articles - salinity is an important factor that affects F. vesiculosus morphology. However, we also obtained some new material about coastal F. vesiculosus individuals getting taller with decreasing salinity. Weak effect of wave action (bottom shear stress) on F. vesiculosus morphology is another unexpected result. Abundance and diversity of F. vesiculosus associated fauna also varies between study sites and is affected by salinity and wave action.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116549471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887841
J. Lednova, A. Chusov, G. Gogoberidze
The development of human activities was associated with marine and ocean coastal zone in all the times. Territorial development of economy and trade has been based in the coastal zone since the ancient times. As early as then time, for example, a trade fleet had used harbors and approach channels, like strategic elements of trade, which had been situated in the coastal areas and adjacent waters. Now a days, coastal zone is one of the most exploited and attractive investment areas in the world economy with a huge pressure on the environment. Authors made the comparative evaluation of common international methods of strategic environmental assessment, analysis of their applicability to the coastal zone of the Russian Federation, proposals for the improvement and adaptation of the described methods for the Russian conditions. In this paper was shown that Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) (that is zoning of marine space) tool is one of the ways to sustainable exploration the coastal zone. In this stream the comparison of basic Russian and Finnish laws, decrees and other normative acts on ecological and environmental protection as the neighboring and marine countries was made. The elaboration of common principles and approaches will lead to environmental conservation and sustainable environmental and ecological-friendly development of the coastal zone of the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Strategic environmental assessment and environmental legislation for coastal zone of the Russian Federation","authors":"J. Lednova, A. Chusov, G. Gogoberidze","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887841","url":null,"abstract":"The development of human activities was associated with marine and ocean coastal zone in all the times. Territorial development of economy and trade has been based in the coastal zone since the ancient times. As early as then time, for example, a trade fleet had used harbors and approach channels, like strategic elements of trade, which had been situated in the coastal areas and adjacent waters. Now a days, coastal zone is one of the most exploited and attractive investment areas in the world economy with a huge pressure on the environment. Authors made the comparative evaluation of common international methods of strategic environmental assessment, analysis of their applicability to the coastal zone of the Russian Federation, proposals for the improvement and adaptation of the described methods for the Russian conditions. In this paper was shown that Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) (that is zoning of marine space) tool is one of the ways to sustainable exploration the coastal zone. In this stream the comparison of basic Russian and Finnish laws, decrees and other normative acts on ecological and environmental protection as the neighboring and marine countries was made. The elaboration of common principles and approaches will lead to environmental conservation and sustainable environmental and ecological-friendly development of the coastal zone of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129921309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887876
E. Bulycheva
The results of satellite monitoring of oil pollution of the sea surface in South-Eastern Baltic are given. Vessels as main polluters of the sea surface by oil product are considered. It was shown that the reason of oil pollution of the Curonian Spit's beaches could be an oil discharge on roads near Baltyjsk.
{"title":"Results of satellite monitoring of oil pollution in South-Eastern Baltic in 2006–2013","authors":"E. Bulycheva","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887876","url":null,"abstract":"The results of satellite monitoring of oil pollution of the sea surface in South-Eastern Baltic are given. Vessels as main polluters of the sea surface by oil product are considered. It was shown that the reason of oil pollution of the Curonian Spit's beaches could be an oil discharge on roads near Baltyjsk.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130595846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7032693
A. Giudici, T. Soomere
We address a novel option to identify areas of spontaneous patch formation using the concept of finite-time compressibility (FTC) of surface velocity fields. This concept makes it possible to systematically account for the correlations of convergence of surface velocity fields and the underlying Lagrangian transport in the surface layer. Areas with high levels of FTC naturally arise if a transient localized convergence area (e.g. downwelling) moves synchronously with the surface current. We evaluate the FTC levels in the Gulf of Finland by means of tracking changes to the geometry of a large set of triplets of passively advected water parcels by surface currents extracted from 3D simulations for the period 1987-1991 using the OAAS model with a spatial resolution of 1 nautical mile. The focus is on seasonal variations of areas in which the FTC regularly exceeds the threshold for clusterization of surface floats in ideal Kraichnan flows. Six such areas are located along the coast and roughly coincide with frequent downwelling areas whereas three are located in the central region of the gulf. The areas near the southern coast of the gulf and at the entrance to the Neva Bight are present all year round whereas other areas only emerge during certain seasons.
{"title":"On the possibility of spontaneous patch formation in the Gulf of Finland","authors":"A. Giudici, T. Soomere","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7032693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.7032693","url":null,"abstract":"We address a novel option to identify areas of spontaneous patch formation using the concept of finite-time compressibility (FTC) of surface velocity fields. This concept makes it possible to systematically account for the correlations of convergence of surface velocity fields and the underlying Lagrangian transport in the surface layer. Areas with high levels of FTC naturally arise if a transient localized convergence area (e.g. downwelling) moves synchronously with the surface current. We evaluate the FTC levels in the Gulf of Finland by means of tracking changes to the geometry of a large set of triplets of passively advected water parcels by surface currents extracted from 3D simulations for the period 1987-1991 using the OAAS model with a spatial resolution of 1 nautical mile. The focus is on seasonal variations of areas in which the FTC regularly exceeds the threshold for clusterization of surface floats in ideal Kraichnan flows. Six such areas are located along the coast and roughly coincide with frequent downwelling areas whereas three are located in the central region of the gulf. The areas near the southern coast of the gulf and at the entrance to the Neva Bight are present all year round whereas other areas only emerge during certain seasons.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887857
D. Kurennoy, L. Kelpšaitė
Properties of wind generated waves were studied in the Neva Bay and Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea under typical and extreme meteorological conditions. The coasts of these enclosed shallow (average depth ~3.8 m) water areas of different shape (Curonian lagoon 90×15 (in average) km, Neva Bay 25×10 km) which have a great developing potential (a number of big ports in Neva Bay and the Klaipeda port and UNESCO national natural reserve on the Curonian Spit) are continuously affected by erosion processes. Wave properties were obtained by means of the SWAN model. The calculations were performed based on the wind measurements recorded at the marine and onshore observation sites and recent hydrographic survey. Results show that the significant wave height in both water areas under typical mild winds (7 m/s) doesn't reach 0.5 m and has similar patterns. Moderate winds (11 m/s) develop waves up to 0.7-0.9 m herewith a distinct fetch dependence takes place in the Curonian Lagoon as well as in the Neva Bay. It should be mentioned that the maximum values of wave height in Curonian lagoon are greater by 20 cm. Stormy winds (>19 m/s) produce waves up to 1.2 in Neva Bay and approximately 1.5 m in Curonian lagoon. Most of the storms come from W-SW directions and as usually accompanied by substantial surge (in extreme cases >2 m in Neva Bay and >1.5 m in Curonian lagoon). Sea level rise increases the wave height by a 0.5-1 m in both regions. During severe storms (>26 m/s) the largest developed waves in Neva Bay exceed 2 m with a relatively short period (3-4 s). Under similar meteorological conditions wind waves in Curonian lagoon may reach 2.5 m. In general, impact caused by surge affects the spatial distribution of the highest waves allowing their propagation in the surf and coastal zone. Despite on similarity of the wave properties in both basins for moderate winds a clear difference is observed for storms which can be explained by the greater basin size and bigger area of deep water.
{"title":"Comparison of wind wave properties in Neva Bay and Curonian Lagoon based on modeled data","authors":"D. Kurennoy, L. Kelpšaitė","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887857","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of wind generated waves were studied in the Neva Bay and Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea under typical and extreme meteorological conditions. The coasts of these enclosed shallow (average depth ~3.8 m) water areas of different shape (Curonian lagoon 90×15 (in average) km, Neva Bay 25×10 km) which have a great developing potential (a number of big ports in Neva Bay and the Klaipeda port and UNESCO national natural reserve on the Curonian Spit) are continuously affected by erosion processes. Wave properties were obtained by means of the SWAN model. The calculations were performed based on the wind measurements recorded at the marine and onshore observation sites and recent hydrographic survey. Results show that the significant wave height in both water areas under typical mild winds (7 m/s) doesn't reach 0.5 m and has similar patterns. Moderate winds (11 m/s) develop waves up to 0.7-0.9 m herewith a distinct fetch dependence takes place in the Curonian Lagoon as well as in the Neva Bay. It should be mentioned that the maximum values of wave height in Curonian lagoon are greater by 20 cm. Stormy winds (>19 m/s) produce waves up to 1.2 in Neva Bay and approximately 1.5 m in Curonian lagoon. Most of the storms come from W-SW directions and as usually accompanied by substantial surge (in extreme cases >2 m in Neva Bay and >1.5 m in Curonian lagoon). Sea level rise increases the wave height by a 0.5-1 m in both regions. During severe storms (>26 m/s) the largest developed waves in Neva Bay exceed 2 m with a relatively short period (3-4 s). Under similar meteorological conditions wind waves in Curonian lagoon may reach 2.5 m. In general, impact caused by surge affects the spatial distribution of the highest waves allowing their propagation in the surf and coastal zone. Despite on similarity of the wave properties in both basins for moderate winds a clear difference is observed for storms which can be explained by the greater basin size and bigger area of deep water.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129966931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887871
B. W. An, J. Haapala
The probability of extreme sea surface temperature (SST) occurring seems more apparent for future in the Baltic Sea therefore its prediction and inferences are essential. This study analyzed the mean change of the SST in the Baltic Sea and calculated return periods using extreme value distributions of the 21st century. To illustrate the application of extreme value theory, annual SST maxima from the Baltic Sea regional climate model based on NEMO-LIM3 [1] were analyzed. The changes were estimated from the control simulation of the 20th century (1971-2000) and were assessed for the following projected periods 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099 forced by the IPCC SRES A2 emission scenario. Under that scenario, results indicate that the warm extremes (e.g. 30-year return values) will occur more frequently than those of the current condition and also show different spatial patterns. In addition, the strength of the spatial variability in the Baltic Sea will be reduced gradually towards the end of the 21st century.
{"title":"Changes in Baltic Sea surface temperature extremes","authors":"B. W. An, J. Haapala","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887871","url":null,"abstract":"The probability of extreme sea surface temperature (SST) occurring seems more apparent for future in the Baltic Sea therefore its prediction and inferences are essential. This study analyzed the mean change of the SST in the Baltic Sea and calculated return periods using extreme value distributions of the 21st century. To illustrate the application of extreme value theory, annual SST maxima from the Baltic Sea regional climate model based on NEMO-LIM3 [1] were analyzed. The changes were estimated from the control simulation of the 20th century (1971-2000) and were assessed for the following projected periods 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099 forced by the IPCC SRES A2 emission scenario. Under that scenario, results indicate that the warm extremes (e.g. 30-year return values) will occur more frequently than those of the current condition and also show different spatial patterns. In addition, the strength of the spatial variability in the Baltic Sea will be reduced gradually towards the end of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124516764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887856
J-V Bjorkqvist, L. Tuomi, H. Pettersson, C. Fortelius, K. Tikka, K. Kahma
The coastal area off Helsinki in the Gulf of Finland has both a complex shoreline and bathymetry which makes modelling the wave field especially challenging. Experience has shown, that these types of areas generally benefits from the use of a high-resolution model grid. Even though the coastal area is very sensitive to the resolution, this is not necessarily true for the boundary field used to force the nested grid. The area outside Helsinki was modelled with the third generation spectral wave model WAM, using a high-resolution 0.1 nmi grid. This nested grid was forced with boundary fields with two different resolutions (1 nmi and 4 nmi), and the difference in significant wave height inside the nested grid due to the change of boundary field is discussed. In comparison to the coarser 4 nmi boundary grid, the finer 1 nmi version was able to model the wave field with higher accuracy near the coastline. This led to an improved accuracy of the modelled significant wave height inside the nested grid also. However, the differences inside the coastal archipelago and at the two wave buoy sites inside the nested grid were insignificant.
{"title":"The effect of boundary field accuracy on high-resolution coastal wave modelling","authors":"J-V Bjorkqvist, L. Tuomi, H. Pettersson, C. Fortelius, K. Tikka, K. Kahma","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887856","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal area off Helsinki in the Gulf of Finland has both a complex shoreline and bathymetry which makes modelling the wave field especially challenging. Experience has shown, that these types of areas generally benefits from the use of a high-resolution model grid. Even though the coastal area is very sensitive to the resolution, this is not necessarily true for the boundary field used to force the nested grid. The area outside Helsinki was modelled with the third generation spectral wave model WAM, using a high-resolution 0.1 nmi grid. This nested grid was forced with boundary fields with two different resolutions (1 nmi and 4 nmi), and the difference in significant wave height inside the nested grid due to the change of boundary field is discussed. In comparison to the coarser 4 nmi boundary grid, the finer 1 nmi version was able to model the wave field with higher accuracy near the coastline. This led to an improved accuracy of the modelled significant wave height inside the nested grid also. However, the differences inside the coastal archipelago and at the two wave buoy sites inside the nested grid were insignificant.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123550418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：