Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887889
E. Soosaar, R. Hetland, A. Horner‐Devine, Margaret E. Avener, U. Raudsepp
The ability of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to reproduce buoyant water entering a coastal sea at laboratory scales of O[1 cm] is studied using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). ROMS is typically used for geophysical scale simulations. Inflowing water forms a growing anti-cyclonic buoyant bulge and coastal current. Available laboratory data is from a rotating circular basin experiment. The numerical domain is a rectangular basin with three open boundaries and a straight inflow channel for freshwater discharge. Altogether 11 pairs of laboratory-numerical simulation runs are analyzed. Three additional simulations are made to study the influence of ambient salinity. Rotation rate, ambient salinity and inflow rate-including oscillatory inflow as a proxy for tides, is varied. The present study concentrates on comparison of the bulge offshore front. Development of a bulge and downcoast coastal current was observed in all experiments. Two phases of bulge spreading are identified. An initial rapid spreading phase lasts 0.3-0.7 rotation periods and a following slow expansion that lasts until the end of the simulation. The shift from first phase to second coincides with the formation of the coastal current. Bulge front spreading agrees well with inflow Kelvin number ⌈. When K>1/K<;1, the model underestimates/overestimates the bulge offshore reach. Physical processes of discharged water are altered in the inflow estuary before the water enters the main basin. With estuary wide/narrow in comparison to the deformation radius resulting with non-uniform outflow profile. These differences however do not notably alter the spreading during the second phase. Bulge front spreading is scaled with various non-dimensional parameters and best scaling is achieved during the first phase for laboratory simulation with internal radius and numerical bulge spreading with the bulge Rossby radius. During the second phase both scale with with the bulge Rossby radius. The numerical bulge expands at a steady rate of 0.10cm s-1 and laboratory bulge at 0.11cm s-1.
{"title":"Offshore spreading of buoyant bulge from numerical simulations and laboratory experiments","authors":"E. Soosaar, R. Hetland, A. Horner‐Devine, Margaret E. Avener, U. Raudsepp","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887889","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to reproduce buoyant water entering a coastal sea at laboratory scales of O[1 cm] is studied using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). ROMS is typically used for geophysical scale simulations. Inflowing water forms a growing anti-cyclonic buoyant bulge and coastal current. Available laboratory data is from a rotating circular basin experiment. The numerical domain is a rectangular basin with three open boundaries and a straight inflow channel for freshwater discharge. Altogether 11 pairs of laboratory-numerical simulation runs are analyzed. Three additional simulations are made to study the influence of ambient salinity. Rotation rate, ambient salinity and inflow rate-including oscillatory inflow as a proxy for tides, is varied. The present study concentrates on comparison of the bulge offshore front. Development of a bulge and downcoast coastal current was observed in all experiments. Two phases of bulge spreading are identified. An initial rapid spreading phase lasts 0.3-0.7 rotation periods and a following slow expansion that lasts until the end of the simulation. The shift from first phase to second coincides with the formation of the coastal current. Bulge front spreading agrees well with inflow Kelvin number ⌈. When K>1/K<;1, the model underestimates/overestimates the bulge offshore reach. Physical processes of discharged water are altered in the inflow estuary before the water enters the main basin. With estuary wide/narrow in comparison to the deformation radius resulting with non-uniform outflow profile. These differences however do not notably alter the spreading during the second phase. Bulge front spreading is scaled with various non-dimensional parameters and best scaling is achieved during the first phase for laboratory simulation with internal radius and numerical bulge spreading with the bulge Rossby radius. During the second phase both scale with with the bulge Rossby radius. The numerical bulge expands at a steady rate of 0.10cm s-1 and laboratory bulge at 0.11cm s-1.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115335146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887870
S. Lebedev
As it was shown recently, climate changes in the Baltic Sea resulted in interannual trends of some climatic parameters like sea level atmospheric pressure, surface air temperature, ice thickness and others. These tendencies have effect on the Baltic Sea meteorological and hydrological regime. The following remote sensing data: GODAE (Global Ocean Data Assimilation Project) High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature data and satellite altimetry data of mission TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2 are used to analyze the interannual and/or climatic tendency of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA). According to the obtained results, on average for the entire the sea area in the period 1992-2013 SST has positive trend +0.06±0.03 °C/yr and SLA also has positive interannual trend +0.33±0.07 cm/yr. For different time intervals SST and SLA are decreased or dropped.
正如最近所显示的那样，波罗的海的气候变化导致了一些气候参数的年际趋势，如海平面、大气压、地表气温、冰厚等。这些趋势对波罗的海的气象和水文状况有影响。利用GODAE (Global Ocean data Assimilation Project)高分辨率海温资料和TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1/2卫星测高资料，分析了海温(SST)和海平面异常(SLA)的年际和/或气候趋势。结果表明，1992-2013年海表温度呈+0.06±0.03°C/yr的正趋势，海表温度呈+0.33±0.07 cm/yr的正年际趋势。在不同的时间间隔内，海表温度和SLA降低或下降。
{"title":"Climatic change of the Baltic Sea level and sea surface temperature based on satellite altimetry and radiometry","authors":"S. Lebedev","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887870","url":null,"abstract":"As it was shown recently, climate changes in the Baltic Sea resulted in interannual trends of some climatic parameters like sea level atmospheric pressure, surface air temperature, ice thickness and others. These tendencies have effect on the Baltic Sea meteorological and hydrological regime. The following remote sensing data: GODAE (Global Ocean Data Assimilation Project) High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature data and satellite altimetry data of mission TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2 are used to analyze the interannual and/or climatic tendency of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA). According to the obtained results, on average for the entire the sea area in the period 1992-2013 SST has positive trend +0.06±0.03 °C/yr and SLA also has positive interannual trend +0.33±0.07 cm/yr. For different time intervals SST and SLA are decreased or dropped.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117301197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887877
E. Bulycheva, Z. Stont, T. Bukanova
Thermal regime and processes of ice formation in the South-Eastern Baltic for the period 2003-2013 were observed. According to the character of ice formation processes different types of winters were detected. The degree of ice propagation and stability of the ice cover were estimated. Short periods with different tendencies in ice formation were revealed. Hydrometeorological conditions of ice formation in the South-Eastern Baltic were shown. The study was conducted using satellite radar and infrared imagery, synoptic maps analysis, and visual observations.
{"title":"Variations of sea surface temperature and ice conditions in the South-Eastern Baltic over the last decade","authors":"E. Bulycheva, Z. Stont, T. Bukanova","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887877","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal regime and processes of ice formation in the South-Eastern Baltic for the period 2003-2013 were observed. According to the character of ice formation processes different types of winters were detected. The degree of ice propagation and stability of the ice cover were estimated. Short periods with different tendencies in ice formation were revealed. Hydrometeorological conditions of ice formation in the South-Eastern Baltic were shown. The study was conducted using satellite radar and infrared imagery, synoptic maps analysis, and visual observations.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116507367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887875
M. Pakhirehzan, M. Rahbani
In this investigation, which involves the use of both satellite images and a model simulation, focuses is concerned with the effect of the hydrodynamics of the adjacent sea on the classification of a coastal area. The area selected for this study is the North-West coasts of Oman Gulf with a total area of about 326980 hectares. Flow model of Mike 21 was employed to simulate the hydrodynamics of the area and the Aster images of the Terra satellite, for the year 2005, were used to categorize the adjacent coastal area applying Shepard's classification. On the basis of the results and the classification, most of the area can be categorized as the primary coasts, formed mainly by nonmarine agents. The secondary coasts, which are shaped primarily by marine processes, cover only 7% of the total area, with the salt flats being the most dominant one. The secondary coasts were limited mainly in two specific regions namely the Sirik headland and the south coast of Bandar-e-Jask. Comparison of the classified map of the area with the hydrodynamic of the Gulf of Oman showed that current mainly has been responsible for making these two regions as secondary coasts.
{"title":"Short term monitoring the Northwest Coasts of Gulf of Oman using both satellite images and numerical model","authors":"M. Pakhirehzan, M. Rahbani","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887875","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, which involves the use of both satellite images and a model simulation, focuses is concerned with the effect of the hydrodynamics of the adjacent sea on the classification of a coastal area. The area selected for this study is the North-West coasts of Oman Gulf with a total area of about 326980 hectares. Flow model of Mike 21 was employed to simulate the hydrodynamics of the area and the Aster images of the Terra satellite, for the year 2005, were used to categorize the adjacent coastal area applying Shepard's classification. On the basis of the results and the classification, most of the area can be categorized as the primary coasts, formed mainly by nonmarine agents. The secondary coasts, which are shaped primarily by marine processes, cover only 7% of the total area, with the salt flats being the most dominant one. The secondary coasts were limited mainly in two specific regions namely the Sirik headland and the south coast of Bandar-e-Jask. Comparison of the classified map of the area with the hydrodynamic of the Gulf of Oman showed that current mainly has been responsible for making these two regions as secondary coasts.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887865
A. Erm, M. Voll, F. Buschmann, O. Roots
The hazardous substances listed in the EU Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy) as priority and priority hazardous substances, HELCOM substances of specific concern to the Baltic Sea and some other pollutants which our team deemed potentially problematic for the Baltic Sea were analyzed in the botom boundary layer (BBL) in some coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland (GOF). All of the substances under observation are persistent, toxic, bioaccumulative and, because of these properties, are hazardous to the water environment. Chemical analyses indicated that the content of the most toxic HELCOM metals - Hg, Cd and Pb was very low at most stations, but considerable amounts of Zn and Cu were found at some stations. The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs (WHO-TEQ 2005 value up to 6 ng/kg d.m.) and dl-PCB-s were found in some deeper areas of Tallinn Bay and Muuga Bay. Based on the circumstance that the maximum concentrations of all investigated metals and compounds were found in lower layers of sediments (6-15 cm) it may be concluded that the environmental status of the catchments and also of the sea has improved considerably during the last decades. The results on the content of toxic metals in Estonian sediment samples are in good agreement with those obtained by other investigators of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. It seems that the environmental status of the near bottom water and bottom surface sediment is quite good in the North-Estonian coastal sea area.
{"title":"Profiles of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, PCDDs, PCDFs and dL-PCB-s in the bottom boundary layer of some North-Estonian coastal areas","authors":"A. Erm, M. Voll, F. Buschmann, O. Roots","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887865","url":null,"abstract":"The hazardous substances listed in the EU Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy) as priority and priority hazardous substances, HELCOM substances of specific concern to the Baltic Sea and some other pollutants which our team deemed potentially problematic for the Baltic Sea were analyzed in the botom boundary layer (BBL) in some coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland (GOF). All of the substances under observation are persistent, toxic, bioaccumulative and, because of these properties, are hazardous to the water environment. Chemical analyses indicated that the content of the most toxic HELCOM metals - Hg, Cd and Pb was very low at most stations, but considerable amounts of Zn and Cu were found at some stations. The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs (WHO-TEQ 2005 value up to 6 ng/kg d.m.) and dl-PCB-s were found in some deeper areas of Tallinn Bay and Muuga Bay. Based on the circumstance that the maximum concentrations of all investigated metals and compounds were found in lower layers of sediments (6-15 cm) it may be concluded that the environmental status of the catchments and also of the sea has improved considerably during the last decades. The results on the content of toxic metals in Estonian sediment samples are in good agreement with those obtained by other investigators of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. It seems that the environmental status of the near bottom water and bottom surface sediment is quite good in the North-Estonian coastal sea area.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"54 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123344638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887853
K. Julge, A. Gruno, A. Ellmann, A. Liibusk, T. Oja
Resolution of satellite altimetry derived sea surface heights (SSH) is relatively low, whereas near coastal areas the data have poor accuracy. For monitoring SSH regionally, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) in conjunction with kinematic GPS-positioning can be a more accurate and high-resolution alternative. A case study was carried out at the southern shores of Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. An ALS profile flown at an altitude of ~400 m was used for SSH determination. Two different algorithms for ALS trajectory calculations were compared and clear systematic discrepancies between the two were determined. Also, significant variations in backscattering of ALS pulses yield large data gaps even with near ideal flight conditions. The causes for this phenomena were analyzed and a possible explanation given. The accuracy of the sea level corrected SSH results was validated with a regional geoid and sea surface models. The ALS derived SSH values agree within 2 cm (in terms of standard deviation) with the geoid model.
{"title":"Exploring sea surface heights by using Airborne Laser Scanning","authors":"K. Julge, A. Gruno, A. Ellmann, A. Liibusk, T. Oja","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887853","url":null,"abstract":"Resolution of satellite altimetry derived sea surface heights (SSH) is relatively low, whereas near coastal areas the data have poor accuracy. For monitoring SSH regionally, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) in conjunction with kinematic GPS-positioning can be a more accurate and high-resolution alternative. A case study was carried out at the southern shores of Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. An ALS profile flown at an altitude of ~400 m was used for SSH determination. Two different algorithms for ALS trajectory calculations were compared and clear systematic discrepancies between the two were determined. Also, significant variations in backscattering of ALS pulses yield large data gaps even with near ideal flight conditions. The causes for this phenomena were analyzed and a possible explanation given. The accuracy of the sea level corrected SSH results was validated with a regional geoid and sea surface models. The ALS derived SSH values agree within 2 cm (in terms of standard deviation) with the geoid model.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114709870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887886
A. Rodin, I. Didenkuolova, I. Nikolkina
Analysis of maximal inundation of Estonian coasts of the Baltic Sea is conducted on 35-year wind wave simulations with WAM model forced by COSMO winds in the presence of ice. For each of selected along the Estonian Baltic Sea coast 18 beach profiles, the maximal significant wave heights and corresponding periods are found. The locations with available wave data are located at the water depth of about 10 to 20 m and at a distance up to 8 km from the shore. Run-up of these waves on Estonian beaches is calculated within the shallow water theory using the CLAWPACK software package (www.clawpack.org). The topography of the beach is taken from Geological field surveys and combined with GEBCO maps, where needed. We consider the case, when monochromatic waves of corresponding wave height and period are approaching the coast. For this we use boundary conditions of wave-maker located offshore and generating regular waves. Time and space step during all calculations of wave run-up remains constant (1 m and 1 s respectively). The estimates of maximal run-up are compared with the estimations made using different run-up formulas, available in the literature.
{"title":"Run-up of large storm waves on Estonian coasts of the Baltic Sea","authors":"A. Rodin, I. Didenkuolova, I. Nikolkina","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887886","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of maximal inundation of Estonian coasts of the Baltic Sea is conducted on 35-year wind wave simulations with WAM model forced by COSMO winds in the presence of ice. For each of selected along the Estonian Baltic Sea coast 18 beach profiles, the maximal significant wave heights and corresponding periods are found. The locations with available wave data are located at the water depth of about 10 to 20 m and at a distance up to 8 km from the shore. Run-up of these waves on Estonian beaches is calculated within the shallow water theory using the CLAWPACK software package (www.clawpack.org). The topography of the beach is taken from Geological field surveys and combined with GEBCO maps, where needed. We consider the case, when monochromatic waves of corresponding wave height and period are approaching the coast. For this we use boundary conditions of wave-maker located offshore and generating regular waves. Time and space step during all calculations of wave run-up remains constant (1 m and 1 s respectively). The estimates of maximal run-up are compared with the estimations made using different run-up formulas, available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114786070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887862
A. Novellino, P. Gorringe, D. Schaap, S. Pouliquen, L. Rickards, G. Manzella
Recently the European Commission undertook steps towards a European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) in order to standardize method for observing and assessing the grade of the Member States seas and improve access to high quality data. Since 2008-2009, European Commission, represented by the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE), is running several service contracts for creating pilot thematic components of the ur-EMODNET: Biology, Bathymetry, Chemistry, Geology, Habitats, and Physics. The existing EMODnet-Physics portal (www.emodnet-physics.eu) is based on a strong collaboration between EuroGOOS member institutes and its regional operational oceanographic systems (ROOSs), and the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs), and it is a marine observation information system, it includes systems for physical data from the whole Europe (wave height and period, temperature of the water column, wind speed and direction, salinity of the water column, horizontal velocity of the water column, light attenuation, and sea level) provided mainly by fixed stations and ferry-box platforms, discovering related data sets (both near real time and historical data sets), viewing and downloading of the data from about 500 platforms. (www.emodnet-physics.eu/map) and it contributes towards the definition of an operational European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet).
{"title":"European marine observation data network — EMODnet Physics","authors":"A. Novellino, P. Gorringe, D. Schaap, S. Pouliquen, L. Rickards, G. Manzella","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887862","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the European Commission undertook steps towards a European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) in order to standardize method for observing and assessing the grade of the Member States seas and improve access to high quality data. Since 2008-2009, European Commission, represented by the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE), is running several service contracts for creating pilot thematic components of the ur-EMODNET: Biology, Bathymetry, Chemistry, Geology, Habitats, and Physics. The existing EMODnet-Physics portal (www.emodnet-physics.eu) is based on a strong collaboration between EuroGOOS member institutes and its regional operational oceanographic systems (ROOSs), and the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs), and it is a marine observation information system, it includes systems for physical data from the whole Europe (wave height and period, temperature of the water column, wind speed and direction, salinity of the water column, horizontal velocity of the water column, light attenuation, and sea level) provided mainly by fixed stations and ferry-box platforms, discovering related data sets (both near real time and historical data sets), viewing and downloading of the data from about 500 platforms. (www.emodnet-physics.eu/map) and it contributes towards the definition of an operational European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet).","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130179986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887888
Rybushkina, Y. Troitskaya, I. Soustova
Thy work aims to development of a simple method for distinction between open water and ice cover on the base of geophysical data record (GDR) of altimetry satellite Jason-2 for large and middle-sized freshwater inland water bodies. The method is applied to the lakes of Baltic and White Seas basins: Ladoga, Onega, Vygozero and Segosero. The method for ice-water discrimination based on data of altimetry satellites was initially developed for Topex/Poseidon satellite and was successfully applied to the Caspian, Aral and other Seas and Baikal Lake. This method was based on the joint analysis of the two parameters: the backscatter coefficient at 13.6 GHz and the average value of the brightness temperature at 18 and 37 GHz and the conclusion about the ice cover can be made when these parameters exceed a certain threshold. It is shown that the method works well for large water bodies such as Ladoga and Onega Lakes and experiences significant difficulties for the middle-sized water bodies, such as Vygozero, and Segosero. This is largely due to the small amount of valid data on the backscatter coefficient for not very large water basins, which is caused by the influence of the land on the shape of the reflected altimetry pulses. For the medium water basins more productive method is based on an analysis of the difference of brightness temperatures of land and water. Along track variation of the average brightness temperature at 18.7 and 34 GHz TB/2=(TB18.7+TB34)/2 for cycles 1-179 of Jason-2 observations, constructed for winter and summer periods showed that for all lakes the difference of brightness temperatures of land and water strongly reduced when the water freezes. This allows us to determine the freezing of water based on a decrease in difference of brightness temperatures of land and water areas. Based on the proposed method we constructed time series of brightness temperature differences and demonstrated that these dependences have a pronounced seasonal variation for all lakes considered. The transition from summer values (open water) to winter values (ice) is sharp enough, which allowed us to determine sufficiently accurately the date of freezing of the lakes.
{"title":"Ice cover determination of the lakes of Baltic and White sea basins on the base of Jason-2 satellite observations","authors":"Rybushkina, Y. Troitskaya, I. Soustova","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887888","url":null,"abstract":"Thy work aims to development of a simple method for distinction between open water and ice cover on the base of geophysical data record (GDR) of altimetry satellite Jason-2 for large and middle-sized freshwater inland water bodies. The method is applied to the lakes of Baltic and White Seas basins: Ladoga, Onega, Vygozero and Segosero. The method for ice-water discrimination based on data of altimetry satellites was initially developed for Topex/Poseidon satellite and was successfully applied to the Caspian, Aral and other Seas and Baikal Lake. This method was based on the joint analysis of the two parameters: the backscatter coefficient at 13.6 GHz and the average value of the brightness temperature at 18 and 37 GHz and the conclusion about the ice cover can be made when these parameters exceed a certain threshold. It is shown that the method works well for large water bodies such as Ladoga and Onega Lakes and experiences significant difficulties for the middle-sized water bodies, such as Vygozero, and Segosero. This is largely due to the small amount of valid data on the backscatter coefficient for not very large water basins, which is caused by the influence of the land on the shape of the reflected altimetry pulses. For the medium water basins more productive method is based on an analysis of the difference of brightness temperatures of land and water. Along track variation of the average brightness temperature at 18.7 and 34 GHz TB/2=(TB18.7+TB34)/2 for cycles 1-179 of Jason-2 observations, constructed for winter and summer periods showed that for all lakes the difference of brightness temperatures of land and water strongly reduced when the water freezes. This allows us to determine the freezing of water based on a decrease in difference of brightness temperatures of land and water areas. Based on the proposed method we constructed time series of brightness temperature differences and demonstrated that these dependences have a pronounced seasonal variation for all lakes considered. The transition from summer values (open water) to winter values (ice) is sharp enough, which allowed us to determine sufficiently accurately the date of freezing of the lakes.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130691176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-27DOI: 10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887867
A. Erm, I. Maljutenko, F. Buschmann, I. Suhhova, Aet Meerits
The aim of this study is to clarify factors corresponding to spreading of algae on the investigated area and to offer solutions for the problem. For this reason water samples from stormwater outlets as well as from the coastal and open sea were analyzed against the nutrients - dissolved and total nitrogen and phosphorus. The current profile close to the Pirita river estuary was also logged during summer and fall 2012. Water sample analyzes showed that in summer nutrient concentrations in river and outlets' water are two-three orders higher than in the open bay, and that the concentration of nutrients, especially dissolved nitrogen increases with rain intensity. That means in rainy periods the nitrogen influx is increasing very rapidly due to the both reasons - greater amounts of outlets' water and higher nitrogen concentration at the same time. These data enabled estimation nutrient daily influxes through the river estuary and distinctive outlets, and last at least using a model describing the distribution of nutrients over the coastal area. It is shown that up to 95% of load is coming from the Pirita River and only 5% from the outlets, but despite this some greater outlets may play a role in algae blooms. Modeling results also indicated that the impact of storm water outlets could be eliminated by pumping the storm water further (~1 km) to the open sea. As the environmental status of the Tallinn Bay depends predominantly on the Pirita River influxes, this measure should be effective, cost effective and harmless (for the Bay) at the same time.
{"title":"Stormwater impact on the coastal area of the Tallinn Bay","authors":"A. Erm, I. Maljutenko, F. Buschmann, I. Suhhova, Aet Meerits","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887867","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to clarify factors corresponding to spreading of algae on the investigated area and to offer solutions for the problem. For this reason water samples from stormwater outlets as well as from the coastal and open sea were analyzed against the nutrients - dissolved and total nitrogen and phosphorus. The current profile close to the Pirita river estuary was also logged during summer and fall 2012. Water sample analyzes showed that in summer nutrient concentrations in river and outlets' water are two-three orders higher than in the open bay, and that the concentration of nutrients, especially dissolved nitrogen increases with rain intensity. That means in rainy periods the nitrogen influx is increasing very rapidly due to the both reasons - greater amounts of outlets' water and higher nitrogen concentration at the same time. These data enabled estimation nutrient daily influxes through the river estuary and distinctive outlets, and last at least using a model describing the distribution of nutrients over the coastal area. It is shown that up to 95% of load is coming from the Pirita River and only 5% from the outlets, but despite this some greater outlets may play a role in algae blooms. Modeling results also indicated that the impact of storm water outlets could be eliminated by pumping the storm water further (~1 km) to the open sea. As the environmental status of the Tallinn Bay depends predominantly on the Pirita River influxes, this measure should be effective, cost effective and harmless (for the Bay) at the same time.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130909912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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