Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00043
S. Olszewski
The paper demonstrates that quantization of the magnetic monopole, much similar to that concerning the magnetic flux in superconductors, can occur also in a non–superconducting case represented by the Oersted–Ampere law. This result can occur on condition the Joule–Lenz law for the action quanta of electrons participating in the effect is taken into account. The quantum result obtained for a monopole can be confirmed with the aid of the uncertainty principle applied to the energy and time period characteristic for the current involved in the Oersted–Ampere phenomenon.
{"title":"Quanta of the magnetic monopole entering the Oersted–Ampere law","authors":"S. Olszewski","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00043","url":null,"abstract":"The paper demonstrates that quantization of the magnetic monopole, much similar to that concerning the magnetic flux in superconductors, can occur also in a non–superconducting case represented by the Oersted–Ampere law. This result can occur on condition the Joule–Lenz law for the action quanta of electrons participating in the effect is taken into account. The quantum result obtained for a monopole can be confirmed with the aid of the uncertainty principle applied to the energy and time period characteristic for the current involved in the Oersted–Ampere phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-23DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00042
Gavriljuk Vg
The widespread concept of nickel hydride in the Ni–H system is discussed based on the first–principle atomic calculations and experimental X–ray diffraction data. The total cohesion energy in Ni–H solid solution has been determined using the density functional theory and program package Wien2k. Its dependence on hydrogen concentration is shown to be linear, which suggests the absence of any energy barrier for precipitation reaction. Moreover, the second derivative of the calculated solution enthalpy is negative within the hydrogen–to–nickel ratios, H/Ni, of 0.03 to 0.75, which is a sign of spinodal decomposition. These hydrogen concentrations are consistent with the measurements of X–ray diffraction, of which results are traditionally interpreted in terms of Ni hydride. The density of electron states has been calculated, and its non–monotonous concentration dependence correlates with that of solution enthalpy, which is also expected for spinodal decomposition. The obtained results are interpreted as miscibility gap in the Ni–H system with spinodal decomposition having the electron origin. In addition, using mechanical spectroscopy, the strain dependent internal friction has been observed in the hydrogen–charged nickel with H/Ni ratio of about 0.7. This effect is controlled by irreversible plastic deformation, which is typical for solid solutions, not for brittle chemical compounds. Finally, the “hydrides” in a number of metals are discussed in terms of two Gibb’s types of precipitation reactions. Keywords: nickel, hydrogen, ab initio calculations, spinodal decomposition, hydride
{"title":"Electron structure and thermodynamics of solid solutions in Ni–H system","authors":"Gavriljuk Vg","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00042","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread concept of nickel hydride in the Ni–H system is discussed based on the first–principle atomic calculations and experimental X–ray diffraction data. The total cohesion energy in Ni–H solid solution has been determined using the density functional theory and program package Wien2k. Its dependence on hydrogen concentration is shown to be linear, which suggests the absence of any energy barrier for precipitation reaction. Moreover, the second derivative of the calculated solution enthalpy is negative within the hydrogen–to–nickel ratios, H/Ni, of 0.03 to 0.75, which is a sign of spinodal decomposition. These hydrogen concentrations are consistent with the measurements of X–ray diffraction, of which results are traditionally interpreted in terms of Ni hydride. The density of electron states has been calculated, and its non–monotonous concentration dependence correlates with that of solution enthalpy, which is also expected for spinodal decomposition. The obtained results are interpreted as miscibility gap in the Ni–H system with spinodal decomposition having the electron origin. In addition, using mechanical spectroscopy, the strain dependent internal friction has been observed in the hydrogen–charged nickel with H/Ni ratio of about 0.7. This effect is controlled by irreversible plastic deformation, which is typical for solid solutions, not for brittle chemical compounds. Finally, the “hydrides” in a number of metals are discussed in terms of two Gibb’s types of precipitation reactions. Keywords: nickel, hydrogen, ab initio calculations, spinodal decomposition, hydride","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127724896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00217
Al Mahmud Al Mamun, Rasel Hossain, Mst. Mahfuza Sharmin, E. Kabir, Md. Ashik Iqbal
Proper garbage classification is essential for effective waste management and environmental sustainability. This research paper presents a comprehensive study of garbage classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The objective is to develop an accurate and automated garbage classification system leveraging the power of deep learning. The proposed CNN model achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.45%, demonstrating its efficacy in classifying different waste categories. The research encompasses data collection, preprocessing, model architecture, training methodology, and evaluation. The results indicate the potential of CNNs in revolutionizing waste management practices and paving the way for a more sustainable future.
{"title":"Garbage classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs)","authors":"Al Mahmud Al Mamun, Rasel Hossain, Mst. Mahfuza Sharmin, E. Kabir, Md. Ashik Iqbal","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00217","url":null,"abstract":"Proper garbage classification is essential for effective waste management and environmental sustainability. This research paper presents a comprehensive study of garbage classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The objective is to develop an accurate and automated garbage classification system leveraging the power of deep learning. The proposed CNN model achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.45%, demonstrating its efficacy in classifying different waste categories. The research encompasses data collection, preprocessing, model architecture, training methodology, and evaluation. The results indicate the potential of CNNs in revolutionizing waste management practices and paving the way for a more sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122065094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00216
Patrick Ajwang
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{"title":"Gradualism and collaboration must still be extoled as universal academic and societal values","authors":"Patrick Ajwang ","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00216","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130878051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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