Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00196
Nitish R Bastola, Mena I Souliman, S. Dessouky, Raja Daoud
Various Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the South-Central States and abroad have extensively used Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) surface deflection bowl data. The primary purpose of using deflection-based NDTs in network-level assessment is to identify a section of pavement in need of further investigation at the project level. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test is a common NDT-based test that is used by transportation agencies to assess the performance of flexible pavement.This research concentrates on simulating the deflection produced by FWD devices using 3-D Move software. Simulations based on software will decrease the need for lengthy FWD testing in the field. In the study, ninety-seven (97) pavement sections from Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas are used for simulation, analysis, and verification of FWD testing. The deflection values produced from software simulations were found to be strongly correlated with field test findings. In addition, the simulated deflection values were used to develop and validate various deflection bowl parameters. In this study, the normalized comprehensive deflection ratio and the normalized comprehensive area ratio are two key characteristics that were validated and produced. Eventually, load-induced impacts using these parameters are effectively analyzed in order to anticipate the remaining service life of flexible pavement structures. The prediction of the remaining service life will be an efficient tool for different DOTs and transportation agencies to initiate the rehabilitation work in time and economically.
{"title":"Prediction of remaining service life for flexible pavement in the Southern Central States using FWD parameters","authors":"Nitish R Bastola, Mena I Souliman, S. Dessouky, Raja Daoud","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00196","url":null,"abstract":"Various Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the South-Central States and abroad have extensively used Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) surface deflection bowl data. The primary purpose of using deflection-based NDTs in network-level assessment is to identify a section of pavement in need of further investigation at the project level. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test is a common NDT-based test that is used by transportation agencies to assess the performance of flexible pavement.This research concentrates on simulating the deflection produced by FWD devices using 3-D Move software. Simulations based on software will decrease the need for lengthy FWD testing in the field. In the study, ninety-seven (97) pavement sections from Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas are used for simulation, analysis, and verification of FWD testing. The deflection values produced from software simulations were found to be strongly correlated with field test findings. In addition, the simulated deflection values were used to develop and validate various deflection bowl parameters. In this study, the normalized comprehensive deflection ratio and the normalized comprehensive area ratio are two key characteristics that were validated and produced. Eventually, load-induced impacts using these parameters are effectively analyzed in order to anticipate the remaining service life of flexible pavement structures. The prediction of the remaining service life will be an efficient tool for different DOTs and transportation agencies to initiate the rehabilitation work in time and economically.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123722550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00195
F. Arslan, Zeynep Büşra Güven, Ünzile Yenial Arslan, B. Benli, C. Arslan
In this study, solvent extraction is applied for extracting nickel from sulfate solutions containing iron and cobalt ions. This process can also be applied for the cleaning of waste solutions and for increasing solution concentrations after the leaching of low-grade nickel ores. Di-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as an extractant for this purpose. Effects of pH, aqueous/organic (A/O) phase ratio, iron, and cobalt ion contents of the solution on nickel extraction efficiency were investigated. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams for extraction and stripping steps were developed to determine the number of stages required. A total of two stages were required for 96.3% of Ni extraction and a total of two stages to strip nickel with 98% efficiency.
{"title":"Solvent extraction of nickel from iron and cobalt containing sulfate solutions","authors":"F. Arslan, Zeynep Büşra Güven, Ünzile Yenial Arslan, B. Benli, C. Arslan","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00195","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, solvent extraction is applied for extracting nickel from sulfate solutions containing iron and cobalt ions. This process can also be applied for the cleaning of waste solutions and for increasing solution concentrations after the leaching of low-grade nickel ores. Di-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as an extractant for this purpose. Effects of pH, aqueous/organic (A/O) phase ratio, iron, and cobalt ion contents of the solution on nickel extraction efficiency were investigated. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams for extraction and stripping steps were developed to determine the number of stages required. A total of two stages were required for 96.3% of Ni extraction and a total of two stages to strip nickel with 98% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00194
Andres M Valencia, Jesús Caratar, José García
Worldwide, diseases of the ventilatory system are the leading cause of disability and death. Currently, this critical scenario has been fueled by the rapid spread of COVID-19. Although the pandemic has motivated the development of technologies related to care, such as mechanical ventilators, the integration of an infrastructure that integrates a cyber-physical environment for the generation of virtual learning environments that integrate remote laboratories for the training of health professionals in ventilation mechanics has been limited. In this sense, this work focuses on the specifications of an architecture of virtual learning environments that integrates hardware and software resources with pedagogical strategies using the colored Petri net as a modeling tool.
{"title":"Modeling of an online learning architecture for mechanic ventilation integrating teleoperated equipment using colored Petri nets","authors":"Andres M Valencia, Jesús Caratar, José García","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00194","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, diseases of the ventilatory system are the leading cause of disability and death. Currently, this critical scenario has been fueled by the rapid spread of COVID-19. Although the pandemic has motivated the development of technologies related to care, such as mechanical ventilators, the integration of an infrastructure that integrates a cyber-physical environment for the generation of virtual learning environments that integrate remote laboratories for the training of health professionals in ventilation mechanics has been limited. In this sense, this work focuses on the specifications of an architecture of virtual learning environments that integrates hardware and software resources with pedagogical strategies using the colored Petri net as a modeling tool.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114212849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00193
Mohd. Ubaidullah, Mohd Fazil, Tokeer Ahmad
Zirconum based oxide nanoparticles of general formula Ba1-xPbxZrO3 and Ba1-xSrxZrO3with dopant concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 using reverse micellar and polymeric citrate precursor methods are discussed. Presently, hundreds of dielectric materials have currently been synthesized. Zirconium-based oxides are the significant class of dielectric materials among them because of their structural flexibility and simplicity. This review summarizes recent advances in zirconium-based oxide synthetic strategies, their significant use as dielectric materials for wireless communication devices such as electroceramics and piezoelectric devices, and efforts being made to alter their physicochemical properties and increase their efficiencies by adjusting reaction conditions. The article's goal is to describe approaches controlling these materials' efficacy and upcoming difficulties for practical applications.1–3
{"title":"Short review on fabrication, structural and dielectric characterization of zirconium based oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Mohd. Ubaidullah, Mohd Fazil, Tokeer Ahmad","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00193","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconum based oxide nanoparticles of general formula Ba1-xPbxZrO3 and Ba1-xSrxZrO3with dopant concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 using reverse micellar and polymeric citrate precursor methods are discussed. Presently, hundreds of dielectric materials have currently been synthesized. Zirconium-based oxides are the significant class of dielectric materials among them because of their structural flexibility and simplicity. This review summarizes recent advances in zirconium-based oxide synthetic strategies, their significant use as dielectric materials for wireless communication devices such as electroceramics and piezoelectric devices, and efforts being made to alter their physicochemical properties and increase their efficiencies by adjusting reaction conditions. The article's goal is to describe approaches controlling these materials' efficacy and upcoming difficulties for practical applications.1–3","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"9 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132076534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00192
Serhii V Bobyr, Dmitriy V Loschkarev, Sonia A Sharfnadel
Carbon diffusion in metals has received a lot of attention and has been the subject of intensive theoretical investigations in recent years. The purpose of this work is development a simple statistical model of the carbon atoms diffusion in the crystal lattice of metals and its application for calculating the diffusion coefficients of carbon atoms in iron and steel. The relationship between the diffusion flux of atoms and the gradient of their chemical potential, as required by non-equilibrium thermodynamics, is obtained from the basic principles of statistical thermodynamics. For a real solid solution of impurity atoms in a metal, an expression is found for the diffusion coefficient, the value of which depends on physical constants, the atomic weight of the solute, the square of the temperature and activity i-element in solid solution. The calculations have a good agreement with the known experimental data on the diffusion of carbon atoms in iron and steels and is higher than in classical atomic diffusion models. The activation energy of carbon diffusion in γ- phase of various steels has values close to 120 kJ. Proposed formula well describes the deviation of the carbon diffusion coefficient from the Arrhenius law at medium and high temperature.
{"title":"Development of a statistical model for calculating the carbon diffusion parameters in iron and steels","authors":"Serhii V Bobyr, Dmitriy V Loschkarev, Sonia A Sharfnadel","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon diffusion in metals has received a lot of attention and has been the subject of intensive theoretical investigations in recent years. The purpose of this work is development a simple statistical model of the carbon atoms diffusion in the crystal lattice of metals and its application for calculating the diffusion coefficients of carbon atoms in iron and steel. The relationship between the diffusion flux of atoms and the gradient of their chemical potential, as required by non-equilibrium thermodynamics, is obtained from the basic principles of statistical thermodynamics. For a real solid solution of impurity atoms in a metal, an expression is found for the diffusion coefficient, the value of which depends on physical constants, the atomic weight of the solute, the square of the temperature and activity i-element in solid solution. The calculations have a good agreement with the known experimental data on the diffusion of carbon atoms in iron and steels and is higher than in classical atomic diffusion models. The activation energy of carbon diffusion in γ- phase of various steels has values close to 120 kJ. Proposed formula well describes the deviation of the carbon diffusion coefficient from the Arrhenius law at medium and high temperature.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131514259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00191
R. Melavanki, Siddaraju C, S. M, Daruka Prasad B, D. N, Srivatsan Ts
Thin films of the polymer, polyvinylpyloridate, reinforced with zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4) and prepared using the technique of spin coating is the central theme of presentation and discussion in this research paper. The zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles were used to reinforce a thin film of the chosen polymer and for varying concentrations. The prepared thin films were transparent and consequently studied for the purpose of selection and use in applications specific to the domain of photonics. Optical characterization of samples of the as-synthesized thin films was done using different spectroscopy techniques. Optical density of the as-prepared thin films was obtained using a ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometer. The reinforcing effect was observed from the emission spectra that was obtained using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the reinforced thin films of the chosen polymer was obtained and compared with the unreinforced pure polymer and did reveal an observable change in both the peak value and intensity of the peak. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a noticeable difference in both intensity and crystallization of the thin films of the reinforced polymer. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed a morphological change of the thin films. Roughness of the sample surface was studied with the help of images obtained from an atomic force microscope (AFM). The present research study technique of spin coating was done properly and successfully. With a gradual increase in the number of reinforcing nanoparticles in the polymer matrix we did observe an increase in Optical Density using UV-Visible spectroscopy. An increase in the Optical Density is beneficial for attaining an improvement in anti-reflection response. This study helped establish the effect of nanoparticle reinforcements on optical properties while concurrently establishing the need for selection and use of thin films for applications in the field of photonics.
{"title":"Characterization and evaluation of thin films of a polymer reinforced with nanoparticles using the spin coating technique","authors":"R. Melavanki, Siddaraju C, S. M, Daruka Prasad B, D. N, Srivatsan Ts","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00191","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of the polymer, polyvinylpyloridate, reinforced with zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4) and prepared using the technique of spin coating is the central theme of presentation and discussion in this research paper. The zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles were used to reinforce a thin film of the chosen polymer and for varying concentrations. The prepared thin films were transparent and consequently studied for the purpose of selection and use in applications specific to the domain of photonics. Optical characterization of samples of the as-synthesized thin films was done using different spectroscopy techniques. Optical density of the as-prepared thin films was obtained using a ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometer. The reinforcing effect was observed from the emission spectra that was obtained using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the reinforced thin films of the chosen polymer was obtained and compared with the unreinforced pure polymer and did reveal an observable change in both the peak value and intensity of the peak. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a noticeable difference in both intensity and crystallization of the thin films of the reinforced polymer. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed a morphological change of the thin films. Roughness of the sample surface was studied with the help of images obtained from an atomic force microscope (AFM). The present research study technique of spin coating was done properly and successfully. With a gradual increase in the number of reinforcing nanoparticles in the polymer matrix we did observe an increase in Optical Density using UV-Visible spectroscopy. An increase in the Optical Density is beneficial for attaining an improvement in anti-reflection response. This study helped establish the effect of nanoparticle reinforcements on optical properties while concurrently establishing the need for selection and use of thin films for applications in the field of photonics.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00190
Shruti Sharma, R. K. Swami
The solar energy with its unrestrictedaccessibility is measuredas non-degradable, immortalkind of energy that discovers its mean in day by dayexercise. The utilization of solar vehicle is an initiative pace headed forplummetingcraving on the conformistenergy;exploit the non-renewable cause of control for a range of submissions. This paper majorly intended on the various applications of solar energy to gear up the utilization of electric vehicles. The Photo Voltaic (PV) elementsattached either in comparable or sequencemay be a superiorchoice, but expensive too. An electrical charge is merged from the PV panel and aimed to the output terminal to generate low power voltage. The charge controllers (CC)unswerving this power obtainedwith the solar panels to the batteries. The outcomes are based on the “design and simulation” of different constituents of the solar based electric vehicles. The PV cell has to be optimally effective at a meticulousposition to carry maximum power known asMaximum Power Point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is exploited at this point. The dynamic behavior of electric motor (EM) is essential in regulate to estimate the concert of electric vehicles. These vehicles will be controlled in the forward as well as reverse direction with a speed of 48Kmph. The efficiency obtained for proposed solar vehicle is higher.
{"title":"Solar powered electric vehicle using maximum power point tracking","authors":"Shruti Sharma, R. K. Swami","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00190","url":null,"abstract":"The solar energy with its unrestrictedaccessibility is measuredas non-degradable, immortalkind of energy that discovers its mean in day by dayexercise. The utilization of solar vehicle is an initiative pace headed forplummetingcraving on the conformistenergy;exploit the non-renewable cause of control for a range of submissions. This paper majorly intended on the various applications of solar energy to gear up the utilization of electric vehicles. The Photo Voltaic (PV) elementsattached either in comparable or sequencemay be a superiorchoice, but expensive too. An electrical charge is merged from the PV panel and aimed to the output terminal to generate low power voltage. The charge controllers (CC)unswerving this power obtainedwith the solar panels to the batteries. The outcomes are based on the “design and simulation” of different constituents of the solar based electric vehicles. The PV cell has to be optimally effective at a meticulousposition to carry maximum power known asMaximum Power Point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is exploited at this point. The dynamic behavior of electric motor (EM) is essential in regulate to estimate the concert of electric vehicles. These vehicles will be controlled in the forward as well as reverse direction with a speed of 48Kmph. The efficiency obtained for proposed solar vehicle is higher.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121432811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00189
Egzona Osmani, Iva Dimitrievska, P. Paunović, A. Grozdanov
The processes of generation, management, treatment and disposal of fly ash industrial waste particles, all over the world, were considered as serious issues of solid waste. The subject of this research work was to create and to characterize the Fly ash/Chitosan composites aimed for heavy metal adsorption in polluted waters. Three different types of fly ash waste particles were used, two types supplied from EURONICKEL and one supplied from OSLOMEJ, Macedonia. The surface of the fly ash (FA) particles was modified by treated with nitric acid (HNO3). Several types of composite adsorbents were prepared using the chitosan as a polymer matrix. The characterization of the metallurgical waste particles was performed by XRF, XRD, TGA, SEM and FTIR analysis, while the obtained composites were tested by TGA, SEM and FTIR analysis. It was observed that the structure, morphology, and some other characteristics of FA particles have been significantly changed after treatment with chitosan and it is expected that it will improve their adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions.
{"title":"Characterization of fly ash/chitosan composites aimed for heavy metal adsorbents","authors":"Egzona Osmani, Iva Dimitrievska, P. Paunović, A. Grozdanov","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00189","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of generation, management, treatment and disposal of fly ash industrial waste particles, all over the world, were considered as serious issues of solid waste. The subject of this research work was to create and to characterize the Fly ash/Chitosan composites aimed for heavy metal adsorption in polluted waters. Three different types of fly ash waste particles were used, two types supplied from EURONICKEL and one supplied from OSLOMEJ, Macedonia. The surface of the fly ash (FA) particles was modified by treated with nitric acid (HNO3). Several types of composite adsorbents were prepared using the chitosan as a polymer matrix. The characterization of the metallurgical waste particles was performed by XRF, XRD, TGA, SEM and FTIR analysis, while the obtained composites were tested by TGA, SEM and FTIR analysis. It was observed that the structure, morphology, and some other characteristics of FA particles have been significantly changed after treatment with chitosan and it is expected that it will improve their adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127676263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00188
M. Iwunze
Nanoemulsion is an interesting and unique fluid system in that it is used to solubilize both ionic and non-ionic molecules. Because of its uniqueness it has been used as a medium for drug delivery. It is therefore used in this work to study the interaction of Protoporphyrin (PPIX) and 5-Amino levulinic acid (ALA). While ALA is a distant precursor of PPIX, PPIX itself is not only a precursor of Heme but also a photosensitizer in the modality of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). Both compounds are used use in PDT regimen. A steady-state fluorescence technique is used for the study of the interaction of these very important biological compounds. It is found that ALA quenches the fluorescence of PP IX in nanoemulsion. This observed quenching is diffusion controlled. The bimolecular quenching constant, kq, was determined as 2.86x 1010/M-s with an interaction constant, Ka, of 4.48 x 105 with the free energy of interaction, ΔGa of -32.234kJ/mole.
{"title":"Interaction of protoporphyrinix (PPIX) and 5-amino levulinic acid (ALA) in nanoemulsion","authors":"M. Iwunze","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00188","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoemulsion is an interesting and unique fluid system in that it is used to solubilize both ionic and non-ionic molecules. Because of its uniqueness it has been used as a medium for drug delivery. It is therefore used in this work to study the interaction of Protoporphyrin (PPIX) and 5-Amino levulinic acid (ALA). While ALA is a distant precursor of PPIX, PPIX itself is not only a precursor of Heme but also a photosensitizer in the modality of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). Both compounds are used use in PDT regimen. A steady-state fluorescence technique is used for the study of the interaction of these very important biological compounds. It is found that ALA quenches the fluorescence of PP IX in nanoemulsion. This observed quenching is diffusion controlled. The bimolecular quenching constant, kq, was determined as 2.86x 1010/M-s with an interaction constant, Ka, of 4.48 x 105 with the free energy of interaction, ΔGa of -32.234kJ/mole.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123825675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00187
Eunsung Jekal, Sungjin Park
Oxide semiconductor SnO2 shows excellent photoelectronic properties and sensitivities of gases. It is known that their special properties are originated by a stable large band-gap. In nano-SnO2, the above properties have been extensively explored, and nano-SnO2 will find wide applications in microelectronics, photoelectronics, sensor and compound function ceramics. According to our study using group theory, a single SnO2 crystal with rutile-type structure shows four Raman active modes, A 1g, B 1g, B 2g and E g. The additional A 2μ and E μ modes correspond to transverse-optical (TO) and longitudinal-optical (LO) vibrations. Moreover, we applied application of perturbation theory, consequently, the spectrum of commercial SnO2 sample showed the Raman bands in accordance with the theory.
{"title":"Group theoretical methods in solid state Physics of SnO2","authors":"Eunsung Jekal, Sungjin Park","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00187","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide semiconductor SnO2 shows excellent photoelectronic properties and sensitivities of gases. It is known that their special properties are originated by a stable large band-gap. In nano-SnO2, the above properties have been extensively explored, and nano-SnO2 will find wide applications in microelectronics, photoelectronics, sensor and compound function ceramics. According to our study using group theory, a single SnO2 crystal with rutile-type structure shows four Raman active modes, A 1g, B 1g, B 2g and E g. The additional A 2μ and E μ modes correspond to transverse-optical (TO) and longitudinal-optical (LO) vibrations. Moreover, we applied application of perturbation theory, consequently, the spectrum of commercial SnO2 sample showed the Raman bands in accordance with the theory.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123456081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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