Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00186
Eluozo Sn, Ikebude Cf
This paper shows the rate of ionic concentration in the creek, different station point were used to monitor their variation rates of concentration in the creek, the transport system were developed based on the investigation carried out to observed the source of contamination in the study environment, the process were applied in other to determine the significant parameters that influence the transport process of the contaminant, these generates variations of the creek velocity and dispersion coefficient, the flow rates experienced heterogeneity in its depositions through its velocity rates at different station points, such parameters were integrated in the system to generated derived simulation values, the graphical representation experience decrease with respect to increase in distance, these condition observed were due to variations of the creek flow rates through velocity of flows in different figures, such conditions were observed to pressured the system that determine the concentration rates at different figures, these figures reflects different station points that validated the predictive values through experimental data for model validation, the generated results were above the permissible limited as an acceptable standard of 0.3Mg/L, the study is imperative because the rate of ionic content in different locations has been determined, their influential parameters has be observed in the study environment, there rates of concentrations which reflects the significant parameters that pressured it transport process in the creek has been observed, these were all determined in the study environment, proofing the validation of the model for ionic concentration in the study area.
{"title":"Heterogeneous velocity and dispersions coefficient influence on ionic transport model in creeks","authors":"Eluozo Sn, Ikebude Cf","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00186","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the rate of ionic concentration in the creek, different station point were used to monitor their variation rates of concentration in the creek, the transport system were developed based on the investigation carried out to observed the source of contamination in the study environment, the process were applied in other to determine the significant parameters that influence the transport process of the contaminant, these generates variations of the creek velocity and dispersion coefficient, the flow rates experienced heterogeneity in its depositions through its velocity rates at different station points, such parameters were integrated in the system to generated derived simulation values, the graphical representation experience decrease with respect to increase in distance, these condition observed were due to variations of the creek flow rates through velocity of flows in different figures, such conditions were observed to pressured the system that determine the concentration rates at different figures, these figures reflects different station points that validated the predictive values through experimental data for model validation, the generated results were above the permissible limited as an acceptable standard of 0.3Mg/L, the study is imperative because the rate of ionic content in different locations has been determined, their influential parameters has be observed in the study environment, there rates of concentrations which reflects the significant parameters that pressured it transport process in the creek has been observed, these were all determined in the study environment, proofing the validation of the model for ionic concentration in the study area.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128377150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00185
Maurice O Iwunze
Nanoemulsion is a unique and versatile fluid that solubilizes both ionic and non-ionic molecules. It has been used extensively for drug delivery. Nanoemulsion, prepared with water-oil-surfactant and co-surfactant, is fluorescent at or the near IR region of electromagnetic spectrum. However, when protoporphyrin (PPIX), a useful photosensitizer in PDT modality, and a poorly water-soluble compound, is introduced into the nanoemulsion medium, the observed fluorescence of the nanoemulsion is quenched. We have used the steady-state fluorescence technique to study the mechanism of this quenching. It is observed that the interaction between nanoemulsion and PPIX is 1:1 and the interaction constant, Ka, is about 2.37 x 105/mol and the Free energy of interactions, Ga, is -30.66 kJ/mol.
{"title":"The fluorescence study of the quenching of nanoemulsion by protoporphyrin IX (PPIX)","authors":"Maurice O Iwunze","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoemulsion is a unique and versatile fluid that solubilizes both ionic and non-ionic molecules. It has been used extensively for drug delivery. Nanoemulsion, prepared with water-oil-surfactant and co-surfactant, is fluorescent at or the near IR region of electromagnetic spectrum. However, when protoporphyrin (PPIX), a useful photosensitizer in PDT modality, and a poorly water-soluble compound, is introduced into the nanoemulsion medium, the observed fluorescence of the nanoemulsion is quenched. We have used the steady-state fluorescence technique to study the mechanism of this quenching. It is observed that the interaction between nanoemulsion and PPIX is 1:1 and the interaction constant, Ka, is about 2.37 x 105/mol and the Free energy of interactions, Ga, is -30.66 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00184
X. Sun, Jing Yang, Yi Cao, J. Zhu
A spectrophotometric method of pararosaniline hydrochloride is reported for rapid determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) content in cigarette smoke in common lab and it has been used to assess the removal of HCHO by zeolites and other porous sorbents conveniently. Through the evaluation in nitrogen flow and cigarette smoke, some porous sorbents were found to exert the attractive performance in capture of HCHO in smoke even in the harsh experiment, which is proven by ISO standard test and provided some candidates for environment protection.
{"title":"Capturing formaldehyde in cigarette smoke by zeolite and porous sorbents","authors":"X. Sun, Jing Yang, Yi Cao, J. Zhu","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00184","url":null,"abstract":"A spectrophotometric method of pararosaniline hydrochloride is reported for rapid determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) content in cigarette smoke in common lab and it has been used to assess the removal of HCHO by zeolites and other porous sorbents conveniently. Through the evaluation in nitrogen flow and cigarette smoke, some porous sorbents were found to exert the attractive performance in capture of HCHO in smoke even in the harsh experiment, which is proven by ISO standard test and provided some candidates for environment protection.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"399 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124717966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183
Franklyn Okechukwu Ohiagu, PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, C. C. Ahaneku, C. Chikezie
Human exposure to heavy metals is inevitable as heavy metals are continually present in air, water and food. Anthropogenic and industrial activities have rapidly increased the level of human exposure to heavy metals. Some heavy metals elicit deleterious health effects even at low levels in the body system. Every heavy metal has its own specific unique mechanistic process through which it exhibits toxicity. The major mechanisms through which most heavy metals such as Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Ni cause toxicity include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of enzyme activities and attenuation of antioxidant defense systems. Heavy metal ions are known to interfere with DNA and nuclear proteins leading to DNA structural and functional impairments as well as changes that initiate carcinogenesis, apoptosis as well as modulation of cell cycle. Heavy metal toxicity alters the activity of the central nervous system, and thereby causes mental disorder, alters blood composition, and liver, kidneys, lungs functions as well as other important body organs, resulting in the escalation of assorted human diseases. Prolonged human exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body aggravate the progression of physical, muscular and neurological degenerative processes that mimic certain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Heavy metals mimic hormonal activities that alter the functions of the endocrine system. Thus, efforts must be made to mitigate the extent of human exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body as a result of anthropogenic and industrial activities in order to prevent incidences of deleterious health challenges.
{"title":"Human exposure to heavy metals: toxicity mechanisms and health implications","authors":"Franklyn Okechukwu Ohiagu, PAUL CHIDOKA CHIKEZIE, C. C. Ahaneku, C. Chikezie","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183","url":null,"abstract":"Human exposure to heavy metals is inevitable as heavy metals are continually present in air, water and food. Anthropogenic and industrial activities have rapidly increased the level of human exposure to heavy metals. Some heavy metals elicit deleterious health effects even at low levels in the body system. Every heavy metal has its own specific unique mechanistic process through which it exhibits toxicity. The major mechanisms through which most heavy metals such as Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Ni cause toxicity include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of enzyme activities and attenuation of antioxidant defense systems. Heavy metal ions are known to interfere with DNA and nuclear proteins leading to DNA structural and functional impairments as well as changes that initiate carcinogenesis, apoptosis as well as modulation of cell cycle. Heavy metal toxicity alters the activity of the central nervous system, and thereby causes mental disorder, alters blood composition, and liver, kidneys, lungs functions as well as other important body organs, resulting in the escalation of assorted human diseases. Prolonged human exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body aggravate the progression of physical, muscular and neurological degenerative processes that mimic certain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Heavy metals mimic hormonal activities that alter the functions of the endocrine system. Thus, efforts must be made to mitigate the extent of human exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body as a result of anthropogenic and industrial activities in order to prevent incidences of deleterious health challenges.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00182
Nuggehalli M Ravindra, Airefetalo Sadoh, S. Hossain, Sheldon Fereira
The study of optical properties of polymers is an integral part of smart materials research. It has immense potential in diverse fields spanning from structural health monitoring and underwater surveillance to medical imaging and automobile industries. Polymers are excellent candidates for these purposes due to their adaptable physical properties, one of which is their optical response to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, magnetic fields, humidity, surrounding gases etc. Thus, being able to predict these responses is invaluable in the formulation of devices that are relevant to these applications. This paper presents a study of the simulation of the optical properties of several polymers when exposed to electromagnetic radiation, ranging from Ultra Violet to Near-Infra Red. A simulation of the influence of varying thicknesses of polymers (10, 50, 100 µm) on substrates [silicon (10, 50, 100 µm) and metal (Au) (0.025, 0.053, 0.117 µm)], on the optical properties, is presented in this study. Consequently, the results of these simulations serve as a guideline for selecting the best material configuration for the desired application. The optical bandgap of some of the polymer candidates is examined in light of Tauc’s method of analysis of the absorption coefficient variation with energy.
{"title":"Optical properties of low-refractive index polymers","authors":"Nuggehalli M Ravindra, Airefetalo Sadoh, S. Hossain, Sheldon Fereira","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00182","url":null,"abstract":"The study of optical properties of polymers is an integral part of smart materials research. It has immense potential in diverse fields spanning from structural health monitoring and underwater surveillance to medical imaging and automobile industries. Polymers are excellent candidates for these purposes due to their adaptable physical properties, one of which is their optical response to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, magnetic fields, humidity, surrounding gases etc. Thus, being able to predict these responses is invaluable in the formulation of devices that are relevant to these applications. This paper presents a study of the simulation of the optical properties of several polymers when exposed to electromagnetic radiation, ranging from Ultra Violet to Near-Infra Red. A simulation of the influence of varying thicknesses of polymers (10, 50, 100 µm) on substrates [silicon (10, 50, 100 µm) and metal (Au) (0.025, 0.053, 0.117 µm)], on the optical properties, is presented in this study. Consequently, the results of these simulations serve as a guideline for selecting the best material configuration for the desired application. The optical bandgap of some of the polymer candidates is examined in light of Tauc’s method of analysis of the absorption coefficient variation with energy.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123295779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00181
Ajadi Ik, Abdullahi Nb, Musa Q, Hassan Y, Oyegoke T
The challenges of emission of greenhouse gases (GhG) have triggered researchers all over the world to come up with alternative fuel sources that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of such alternatives is Biodiesel production from Neem and Jatropha seed oils. However, the presence of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in the oil obtained from these seeds reduces the yield of produced biodiesel. Two common methods proposed in previous literature to reduce the free fatty acids value are the Esterification and Neutralization methods. This study focused on comparing the esterification and neutralization method as a preliminary stage of biodiesel production from Neem seed and Jatropha seed oils, in an effort to advance biodiesel production in terms of yield from its process. The Neem and Jatropha seed oils were esterified with concentrated sulphuric acid and were tested for free fatty acids. Both seed oils were then refined via the degumming process, after which they were neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The study shows the neutralization method with a yield of 96% and 94% for Neem seed oil and Jatropha seed oil respectively to be more efficient than the Esterification method which produced a yield of 93.2% for Neem seed oil and 91.4% for Jatropha seed oil.
{"title":"Influence of esterification and neutralization in the production of biodiesel: a comparison study","authors":"Ajadi Ik, Abdullahi Nb, Musa Q, Hassan Y, Oyegoke T","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00181","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges of emission of greenhouse gases (GhG) have triggered researchers all over the world to come up with alternative fuel sources that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of such alternatives is Biodiesel production from Neem and Jatropha seed oils. However, the presence of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in the oil obtained from these seeds reduces the yield of produced biodiesel. Two common methods proposed in previous literature to reduce the free fatty acids value are the Esterification and Neutralization methods. This study focused on comparing the esterification and neutralization method as a preliminary stage of biodiesel production from Neem seed and Jatropha seed oils, in an effort to advance biodiesel production in terms of yield from its process. The Neem and Jatropha seed oils were esterified with concentrated sulphuric acid and were tested for free fatty acids. Both seed oils were then refined via the degumming process, after which they were neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The study shows the neutralization method with a yield of 96% and 94% for Neem seed oil and Jatropha seed oil respectively to be more efficient than the Esterification method which produced a yield of 93.2% for Neem seed oil and 91.4% for Jatropha seed oil.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132226583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00180
Mestechkin M
This article introduces two dimensionless positive geometric parameters that characterize the shape of a liquid droplet on a flat solid surface, which formed by the surface tension. The first parameter, “shape coefficient” K, is defined by the ratio of volume to surface and is always >3 (3 is the space dimension). The second parameter, “holding limit” κ0, is defined by the fraction of osculating surface and K and is <1. The ratio of the surface tension energy of a droplet attached to a substrate in zero gravity to the energy of the same droplet floating in zero gravity is presented through these parameters as 1-(K-3)(κ0-κ)/3(1-κ0), where the material parameter κ (which appears in the Young equation κ=cosθ) indicates the decrease in liquid surface tension by the solid The relative energy of the surface tension, K and κ0, are explicitly expressed for a droplet of an elliptical rounded segment (ERS) shape through its eccentricity e, relative height χ, and relative rounding radius η. It is shown that the Young equation is a self-consistent (i.e., leading to η=0) minimum condition of the energy only in the spherical (e=0) case. The rounding, either inner or outer, is specified by the legs of a triangle with zero angles and the median as a slope line. The main result obtained is the proof that the outer rounded ERS weighty droplets with inflection points, due to weight and hydrostatic forces, cannot exist if their radii larger than 2-4 capillary length. This proscription is absent in zero gravity.
{"title":"On the shape and size of liquid droplets on flat solid surfaces","authors":"Mestechkin M","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00180","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces two dimensionless positive geometric parameters that characterize the shape of a liquid droplet on a flat solid surface, which formed by the surface tension. The first parameter, “shape coefficient” K, is defined by the ratio of volume to surface and is always >3 (3 is the space dimension). The second parameter, “holding limit” κ0, is defined by the fraction of osculating surface and K and is <1. The ratio of the surface tension energy of a droplet attached to a substrate in zero gravity to the energy of the same droplet floating in zero gravity is presented through these parameters as 1-(K-3)(κ0-κ)/3(1-κ0), where the material parameter κ (which appears in the Young equation κ=cosθ) indicates the decrease in liquid surface tension by the solid The relative energy of the surface tension, K and κ0, are explicitly expressed for a droplet of an elliptical rounded segment (ERS) shape through its eccentricity e, relative height χ, and relative rounding radius η. It is shown that the Young equation is a self-consistent (i.e., leading to η=0) minimum condition of the energy only in the spherical (e=0) case. The rounding, either inner or outer, is specified by the legs of a triangle with zero angles and the median as a slope line. The main result obtained is the proof that the outer rounded ERS weighty droplets with inflection points, due to weight and hydrostatic forces, cannot exist if their radii larger than 2-4 capillary length. This proscription is absent in zero gravity.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126428417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00179
Mena I Souliman, Nitish R Bastola
This paper intends to present the development of the Improved Bicycle Lane Engineered Scoring System (iBLESS). The iBLESS consists of a numerical ranking table that compares traffic volume data; speed limit; number of lanes; road width; presence of the vehicle parking; presence of night street light; road grade; overall travel length; and presence of existing bicycle lanes that is utilized to design and map the optimum achievable locations for the implementation of bicycle lanes. The City of Tyler, Texas, is utilizing the iBLESS to design a Hub-and-Spoke bicycle lane network around the city. The current map design utilizing the iBLESS is comprised of eleven bicycle spokes, and seven bicycle spoke-connections, reaching a total distance of over 55 miles (88.5km) of bicycle lanes. The presence of bicycle lanes will extend throughout the entire city, resulting in the introduction of a new mode of transportation to the City of Tyler. Results indicate that the iBLESS is a simple and useful methodology to compare and analyze roads for bicycle lane development. Since this system selects the optimal road candidates, the bicycle users feel more comfortable using bicycle lanes as opposed to riding in a roadway.
{"title":"Improved engineered scoring system for bicycle lane mapping development","authors":"Mena I Souliman, Nitish R Bastola","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intends to present the development of the Improved Bicycle Lane Engineered Scoring System (iBLESS). The iBLESS consists of a numerical ranking table that compares traffic volume data; speed limit; number of lanes; road width; presence of the vehicle parking; presence of night street light; road grade; overall travel length; and presence of existing bicycle lanes that is utilized to design and map the optimum achievable locations for the implementation of bicycle lanes. The City of Tyler, Texas, is utilizing the iBLESS to design a Hub-and-Spoke bicycle lane network around the city. The current map design utilizing the iBLESS is comprised of eleven bicycle spokes, and seven bicycle spoke-connections, reaching a total distance of over 55 miles (88.5km) of bicycle lanes. The presence of bicycle lanes will extend throughout the entire city, resulting in the introduction of a new mode of transportation to the City of Tyler. Results indicate that the iBLESS is a simple and useful methodology to compare and analyze roads for bicycle lane development. Since this system selects the optimal road candidates, the bicycle users feel more comfortable using bicycle lanes as opposed to riding in a roadway.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00178
Al Mahmud Al Mamun, Md. Ashik Iqbal
Gravitational waves are related to the concept of vibration of space-time curvature. When the body of heavy masses lies on the four-dimensional space-time and changes their position with turbulence motion then actually they create a disturbance in the space. The disturbance travels outward from the origin having light velocity is known as gravitational waves. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) scientific teamwork declared the identification of these waves. In this paper, we review Gravitational waves, Detection of gravitational waves, deep learning for the classification of gravitational waves. We design and develop a deep learning system to classification gravitational waves of the dataset ‘Gravity Spy (Gravitational waves)’ that is made up of the LIGO images. The goals of this research are to gain a piece of reasonable and useful knowledge about Gravitational waves and propose an effective deep learning network system to classify the gravitational waves. The accuracy achieved by our model is 99.34%.
{"title":"Classifying the gravitational waves using the deep learning technique","authors":"Al Mahmud Al Mamun, Md. Ashik Iqbal","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00178","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves are related to the concept of vibration of space-time curvature. When the body of heavy masses lies on the four-dimensional space-time and changes their position with turbulence motion then actually they create a disturbance in the space. The disturbance travels outward from the origin having light velocity is known as gravitational waves. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) scientific teamwork declared the identification of these waves. In this paper, we review Gravitational waves, Detection of gravitational waves, deep learning for the classification of gravitational waves. We design and develop a deep learning system to classification gravitational waves of the dataset ‘Gravity Spy (Gravitational waves)’ that is made up of the LIGO images. The goals of this research are to gain a piece of reasonable and useful knowledge about Gravitational waves and propose an effective deep learning network system to classify the gravitational waves. The accuracy achieved by our model is 99.34%.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121342811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00177
A. Grozdanov, P. Paunović, P. Makreski, Iva Dimitrievska, A. Petrovski
The subject of this research work was to analyze the structural and morphological changes of TiO2 as a result of incorporation of CNTs and interpret the underlying principles for the observed interactions. Hybrid TiO2/CNTs nanostructures were prepared by simplified sol-gel method followed by monitoring the thermally-induced alterations occurring up to 400 ºC. The effects of different type of CNTs (activated MWCNTs and as prepared SWCNTs) as well as the variation of the content of MWCNTs in association with the metal-dopant (Pt or Co) influencing the structural parameters of TiO2 was monitored. Addition of CNTs and metallic phase causes reduction of TiO2 (anatase) crystallite size. The applied instrumental techniques such as XRPD, Raman spectroscopy and thermal (TG, DTA and DTG) analysis points out on achieved interaction between TiO2 and incorporated CNTs. Morphological changes, observed from the SEM micrographs, revealed better inter-locking of the TiO2 matrix with SWCNTs than with MWCNTs. Formation of a more structurally disordered and non-stoichiometric anatase phase seemed to be a preferred choice for the obtained TiO2-CNT-metalic phase nanocomposites for further utilization in sensor-design products.
{"title":"Structural changes of TiO2 as a result of CNTs incorporation","authors":"A. Grozdanov, P. Paunović, P. Makreski, Iva Dimitrievska, A. Petrovski","doi":"10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00177","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this research work was to analyze the structural and morphological changes of TiO2 as a result of incorporation of CNTs and interpret the underlying principles for the observed interactions. Hybrid TiO2/CNTs nanostructures were prepared by simplified sol-gel method followed by monitoring the thermally-induced alterations occurring up to 400 ºC. The effects of different type of CNTs (activated MWCNTs and as prepared SWCNTs) as well as the variation of the content of MWCNTs in association with the metal-dopant (Pt or Co) influencing the structural parameters of TiO2 was monitored. Addition of CNTs and metallic phase causes reduction of TiO2 (anatase) crystallite size. The applied instrumental techniques such as XRPD, Raman spectroscopy and thermal (TG, DTA and DTG) analysis points out on achieved interaction between TiO2 and incorporated CNTs. Morphological changes, observed from the SEM micrographs, revealed better inter-locking of the TiO2 matrix with SWCNTs than with MWCNTs. Formation of a more structurally disordered and non-stoichiometric anatase phase seemed to be a preferred choice for the obtained TiO2-CNT-metalic phase nanocomposites for further utilization in sensor-design products.","PeriodicalId":435904,"journal":{"name":"Material Science & Engineering International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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