Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.1948183
J. Bolleter, R. Cameron
Abstract The Egyptian government has touted the new Administrative Capital City near Cairo as a flagship for ‘Smart City’ developments across Africa. Despite its association with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, critics argue that the project will be highly detrimental to existing cities, their inhabitants and the natural environment. Using a normative framework derived from the UN goals, this paper examines whether the design of Phase One of the Administrative Capital City (2015–2020) delivers on its grand narratives and commitments. It reveals that the project fails to meet many of its aspirations and is likely to compound Egypt’s water supply issues, conflict with fragile desert environments, be vehicular-dependent, isolate everyday Cairenes from Egypt’s governance institutions and entrench the power of an autocratic leader. As such, the new capital presents a problematic model of urban development for dealing with Cairo’s environmental and societal issues, and for broadly accommodating Africa’s rapidly urbanizing population.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.1948193
Alexandra van Zyl, Rudi van Etteger
Abstract In 2016, Rudi van Etteger, Ian Thompson and Vera Vicenzotti reflected in JoLA on the relevance of aesthetic theory for landscape architecture in their paper, ‘Aesthetic Creation Theory and Landscape Architecture’. They explored the aesthetic creation of art through the eyes of philosopher Nick Zangwill. The discussion remained theoretical, so this paper builds on their work by applying Aesthetic Creation Theory (ACT) to a specific landscape design proposal, thereby testing its implications for the design process. The proposed design pays tribute to a disappearing glacier in a National Park in New Zealand by using aesthetic experience to engage with the loss itself. The described phases of Insight, Intention and Action guide the development of an explicit and grounded rationale for aesthetic decision making. The case confirms the legitimacy of applying aesthetic theory to landscape architecture, but also reveals its vulnerabilities. It offers a means to reflect on and discuss the relationship between theory and practice.
2016年，Rudi van Etteger, Ian Thompson和Vera Vicenzotti在JoLA上发表了他们的论文“美学创造理论和景观建筑”，反映了美学理论与景观建筑的相关性。他们通过哲学家Nick Zangwill的视角来探索艺术的审美创造。讨论仍然是理论性的，因此本文通过将美学创造理论(ACT)应用于具体的景观设计方案，从而测试其对设计过程的影响，从而建立他们的工作。这个设计方案是为了向新西兰国家公园里正在消失的冰川致敬，通过美学体验来关注冰川的消失。所描述的“洞察”、“意图”和“行动”三个阶段指导了美学决策的明确和基本原理的发展。案例证实了美学理论在景观设计中的合理性，但也暴露了其脆弱性。它为反思和讨论理论与实践的关系提供了一种手段。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.1948200
Claire Doussard
The consideration of nature in cities, and the integration of human settlements into a natural context is not recent. These efforts have been gradually strengthened in France throughout the twentieth century. The evolution of landscape practices in this country has contributed to this, transforming the art of the garden into a practice indispensable to urban design, as it contributes to a better understanding of the environmental dynamics inherent to cities. The book Urbanisme et biodiversité: Vers un paysage vivant structurant le projet urbain (Urbanism and Biodiversity: Towards a Living Landscape Structuring the Urban Project) looks at the results of this evolution at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The book is the result of a collaboration of nearly fifty scientists and practitioners who explored the points of convergence between a societal demand for nature in cities, a sense of environmental and climatic urgency, and scientific and technical knowledge in the fields of urban planning, ecological engineering, architecture and landscape design. The landscape is approached here as a natural and anthropogenic concept, but above all as a ‘living’ entity, in order to examine the convergences mentioned above. The living landscape legitimizes ecological processes and biodiversity, which are then placed at the heart of the planning and design process. The objectives of the book are therefore: 1) to contribute to the creation and preservation of urban ecosystems; 2) to give a legitimate place to the natural, ‘non-built’ environment in cities; and 3) to allow the emergence of a ‘biodiverse urbanism’ thanks to specific design, planning and construction processes. In the French context, these processes are still struggling to find their place for several reasons. On the one hand, there is sometimes a gap between the discourse and actions of politicians and other stakeholders from the public and private sectors to implement such processes. On the other, the lack of scientific, technical and methodological knowledge about the pragmatical development of ecosystems in urban settings contributes to a need for skills that are necessary to develop biodiversity-friendly urban projects. The work of Philippe Clergeau and his various co-authors responds to this last need, and contributes to the renewal of knowledge on biodiversity, landscape and urbanism in the French context. The book is divided into five distinct parts, themselves divided into chapters. The first part deals with the different definitions and issues related to ‘biodiverse urbanism’. It highlights concepts from the disciplines of ecology, landscape, sociology and even philosophy, and remains essentially conceptual and theoretical. The next two parts, on the other hand, are more operational in nature, and focus more on the design and planning processes related to biodiversity and landscape, first at the local level and then on a larger scale. At the local scale, the questions mainly addres
在城市中考虑自然，并将人类住区融入自然环境并不是最近才出现的。在整个二十世纪，这些努力在法国逐渐得到加强。这个国家景观实践的演变促成了这一点，将花园艺术转变为城市设计中不可或缺的实践，因为它有助于更好地理解城市固有的环境动态。《城市化与生物多样性:城市主义与生物多样性:走向构建城市项目的生动景观》一书着眼于21世纪初这种演变的结果。这本书是近50位科学家和实践者合作的结果，他们探索了城市对自然的社会需求，环境和气候紧迫感，以及城市规划，生态工程，建筑和景观设计领域的科学和技术知识之间的交汇点。这里的景观是作为一个自然和人为的概念来处理的，但最重要的是作为一个“有生命的”实体，以检验上面提到的融合。生活景观使生态过程和生物多样性合法化，然后将其置于规划和设计过程的核心。因此，本书的目标是:1)为城市生态系统的创建和保护做出贡献;2)在城市中为自然的“非建筑”环境提供合法的位置;3)通过具体的设计、规划和施工过程，实现“生物多样性的城市主义”。在法国，由于几个原因，这些进程仍在努力寻找自己的位置。一方面，政治家和来自公共和私营部门的其他利益相关者在实施这些进程时的话语和行动之间有时存在差距。另一方面，由于缺乏关于城市环境中生态系统实际发展的科学、技术和方法知识，因此需要开发生物多样性友好型城市项目所需的技能。Philippe Clergeau和他的合作者们的作品回应了这一最后的需求，并为法国背景下的生物多样性、景观和城市主义知识的更新做出了贡献。全书分为五个不同的部分，每个部分又分为章节。第一部分论述了“生物多样性城市主义”的不同定义和相关问题。它突出了生态学、景观学、社会学甚至哲学等学科的概念，本质上仍然是概念性和理论性的。另一方面，接下来的两个部分在本质上更具操作性，更多地关注与生物多样性和景观相关的设计和规划过程，首先是在地方一级，然后是更大的范围。在地方尺度上，主要解决的问题是与选择能够承载生物多样性的植物、土壤类型和建筑材料有关。在地域尺度上，主要提出了与生态廊道管理、城市形态和城市规划法规有关的问题。本书的第四部分提出了一系列工具和方法，以协助专业人士进行规划、设计和施工实践。这些工具和方法涉及仿生学、公民参与、整合生物多样性的城市规划法律法规的发展、与建筑和非建筑环境相关的评估工具、数字技术的使用、管理方法以及用于景观设计的艺术和敏感方法。这无疑是本书最丰富的部分，或者至少是最跨学科的部分，最能满足务实的专业人士。最后一部分提供了一些从业者对他们所参与的项目的反馈，主要是在法国领土上。这些知名或不知名的项目涉及公共空间和公园(Cernay的Rives de la Thure, Saint-Ouen公园)，房地产和建筑开发(ZAC 1 de Monges, Toulouse m<s:1> tropole)，以及城市规划法规的实施(PLU 2 de Bouc-Bel-Air)。一些项目，如布洛涅的École生物多样性<e:1>项目，也被引用为该工作其他部分的例子。虽然最后一部分只关注实践者和具体的城市项目，但前几节中的每一章还附有一到两页关于特定项目具体方面的补充。最后，每个部分都附有一些法国城市的概况介绍，这些城市被授予生物多样性之都的称号，以奖励它们为保护生物多样性所做的努力。
{"title":"Urbanisme et biodiversité: Vers un paysage vivant structurant le projet urbain","authors":"Claire Doussard","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2021.1948200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2021.1948200","url":null,"abstract":"The consideration of nature in cities, and the integration of human settlements into a natural context is not recent. These efforts have been gradually strengthened in France throughout the twentieth century. The evolution of landscape practices in this country has contributed to this, transforming the art of the garden into a practice indispensable to urban design, as it contributes to a better understanding of the environmental dynamics inherent to cities. The book Urbanisme et biodiversité: Vers un paysage vivant structurant le projet urbain (Urbanism and Biodiversity: Towards a Living Landscape Structuring the Urban Project) looks at the results of this evolution at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The book is the result of a collaboration of nearly fifty scientists and practitioners who explored the points of convergence between a societal demand for nature in cities, a sense of environmental and climatic urgency, and scientific and technical knowledge in the fields of urban planning, ecological engineering, architecture and landscape design. The landscape is approached here as a natural and anthropogenic concept, but above all as a ‘living’ entity, in order to examine the convergences mentioned above. The living landscape legitimizes ecological processes and biodiversity, which are then placed at the heart of the planning and design process. The objectives of the book are therefore: 1) to contribute to the creation and preservation of urban ecosystems; 2) to give a legitimate place to the natural, ‘non-built’ environment in cities; and 3) to allow the emergence of a ‘biodiverse urbanism’ thanks to specific design, planning and construction processes. In the French context, these processes are still struggling to find their place for several reasons. On the one hand, there is sometimes a gap between the discourse and actions of politicians and other stakeholders from the public and private sectors to implement such processes. On the other, the lack of scientific, technical and methodological knowledge about the pragmatical development of ecosystems in urban settings contributes to a need for skills that are necessary to develop biodiversity-friendly urban projects. The work of Philippe Clergeau and his various co-authors responds to this last need, and contributes to the renewal of knowledge on biodiversity, landscape and urbanism in the French context. The book is divided into five distinct parts, themselves divided into chapters. The first part deals with the different definitions and issues related to ‘biodiverse urbanism’. It highlights concepts from the disciplines of ecology, landscape, sociology and even philosophy, and remains essentially conceptual and theoretical. The next two parts, on the other hand, are more operational in nature, and focus more on the design and planning processes related to biodiversity and landscape, first at the local level and then on a larger scale. At the local scale, the questions mainly addres","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"76 1","pages":"92 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80544474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.1948180
K. Gill, Imke van Hellemondt, Sonia Keravel, Anaïs Leger-Smith, B. Rinaldi, Usue Ruiz Arana, J. K. Larsen, Ursula Wieser Benedetti
The layer cake of Ian McHarg. Catherine Mosbach and a mouldy glass of sangria. Roland Gustavsson and the forest-time transects. The eidetic collages of Anton James and the spare motations of Lawrence Halprin. The chocolate bar of Georges Descombes. The site-responsive mowing regimes of Martí Franch or Liska Chan’s weaving of tall prairie grass. The axonometrics of Jean CanneelClaes. Each new way of drawing or modelling or engaging with the medium of landscape stimulates new ways of configuring space, of thinking about the experience of place and natural processes. McHarg unpacked and analysed landscape in layers to understand complex natural systems. For Canneel-Claes, the axonometric enabled a synoptic view of a garden that showed how its elements worked together. Mosbach’s observation of mould prompted consideration of how to work with dynamic processes in the gardens of the Louvre Lens. Halprin attempted to bridge the distance between representation and human experience through notations that described movement through a space. Drawings, models, installations each hold a question, an inquiry explored through a process of making and refined in response to a physical artifact; drawing becomes thinking rather than illustrating. Notable theorists such James Corner, Catherine Dee and Elizabeth Meyer have each linked shifts in methods of drawing or making to innovation in landscape design practice. James Corner argues that drawing holds the possibility of ‘forming a field of revelation, prompting one to figure previously unforeseen landscapes of a richer and more meaningful dimension’.1 Catherine Dee, the founding editor of both JoLA and the visual methods section ‘Thinking Eye’, observes that poetic-critical drawings, made through sustained observation, are rich in thinking, and redolent with evocation. Attentive to the transience of landscape, such drawings enable the evolution of landscape understandings and are simultaneously propositional.2 Meyer makes a similar connection between innovation in methods of site analysis and new disciplinary questions, noting that an increased interest in phenomenology, feminist critique and Kamni Gill Imke van Hellemondt Sonia Keravel Anaïs Leger-Smith Bianca Maria Rinaldi Usue Ruiz Arana Janike Kampevold Larsen Ursula Wieser Benedetti
{"title":"Beyond mere illustration","authors":"K. Gill, Imke van Hellemondt, Sonia Keravel, Anaïs Leger-Smith, B. Rinaldi, Usue Ruiz Arana, J. K. Larsen, Ursula Wieser Benedetti","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2021.1948180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2021.1948180","url":null,"abstract":"The layer cake of Ian McHarg. Catherine Mosbach and a mouldy glass of sangria. Roland Gustavsson and the forest-time transects. The eidetic collages of Anton James and the spare motations of Lawrence Halprin. The chocolate bar of Georges Descombes. The site-responsive mowing regimes of Martí Franch or Liska Chan’s weaving of tall prairie grass. The axonometrics of Jean CanneelClaes. Each new way of drawing or modelling or engaging with the medium of landscape stimulates new ways of configuring space, of thinking about the experience of place and natural processes. McHarg unpacked and analysed landscape in layers to understand complex natural systems. For Canneel-Claes, the axonometric enabled a synoptic view of a garden that showed how its elements worked together. Mosbach’s observation of mould prompted consideration of how to work with dynamic processes in the gardens of the Louvre Lens. Halprin attempted to bridge the distance between representation and human experience through notations that described movement through a space. Drawings, models, installations each hold a question, an inquiry explored through a process of making and refined in response to a physical artifact; drawing becomes thinking rather than illustrating. Notable theorists such James Corner, Catherine Dee and Elizabeth Meyer have each linked shifts in methods of drawing or making to innovation in landscape design practice. James Corner argues that drawing holds the possibility of ‘forming a field of revelation, prompting one to figure previously unforeseen landscapes of a richer and more meaningful dimension’.1 Catherine Dee, the founding editor of both JoLA and the visual methods section ‘Thinking Eye’, observes that poetic-critical drawings, made through sustained observation, are rich in thinking, and redolent with evocation. Attentive to the transience of landscape, such drawings enable the evolution of landscape understandings and are simultaneously propositional.2 Meyer makes a similar connection between innovation in methods of site analysis and new disciplinary questions, noting that an increased interest in phenomenology, feminist critique and Kamni Gill Imke van Hellemondt Sonia Keravel Anaïs Leger-Smith Bianca Maria Rinaldi Usue Ruiz Arana Janike Kampevold Larsen Ursula Wieser Benedetti","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"54 1","pages":"4 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81252800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.1948189
Cristina Ros Ballester
Abstract The project to transform the Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes in Barcelona from a space dedicated to motorized traffic into a large urban park with the role of a central public space for Barcelona is integrated into a citywide network of linear parks and its design is based on the principles of urban ecology. Since its creation in the Ensanche Plan, all the proposals for Les Glòries were aimed at transforming this site into the centre of Barcelona. Although Les Glòries has been a disruptive urban element for most of its history, every time urban planners have sought to redefine its function it has been conceived as a unifying urban element. The different debates on the successive transformations of the site may provide insights into the thoughts, expectations and uncertainties in the minds of the urban planners as to how they believed the city centre should be developed.
{"title":"From square to park: In search of centrality for Les Glòries in Barcelona","authors":"Cristina Ros Ballester","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2021.1948189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2021.1948189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The project to transform the Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes in Barcelona from a space dedicated to motorized traffic into a large urban park with the role of a central public space for Barcelona is integrated into a citywide network of linear parks and its design is based on the principles of urban ecology. Since its creation in the Ensanche Plan, all the proposals for Les Glòries were aimed at transforming this site into the centre of Barcelona. Although Les Glòries has been a disruptive urban element for most of its history, every time urban planners have sought to redefine its function it has been conceived as a unifying urban element. The different debates on the successive transformations of the site may provide insights into the thoughts, expectations and uncertainties in the minds of the urban planners as to how they believed the city centre should be developed.","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"PP 1","pages":"34 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2020.1886518
Barbara Boifava
Abstract The work of Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx evidences the implementation of a new, all-encompassing landscape in urban space, conveying an unprecedented and unique image of the city conceived of as a park. Through a paradigmatic case study of Rio de Janeiro, this article discusses the modern system of green spaces designed by Burle Marx in which the rediscovery of an elevated quality of nature, one that recalls the native ecology and the essence of the urban environment, plays a decisive role in introducing the invention of a Brazilian modern landscape. By focusing on the idea of the city understood as a distinct form of landscape, Burle Marx’s Cidade Parque is ultimately the expression of a modern system of creative principles as they apply and adapt to nature and to the individual. This article therefore aims to put forth an alternative reading of Burle Marx’s work, starting at the metropolitan scale where a modern consistent continuum of public spaces was created, beginning with a rediscovery of the virgin forest.
{"title":"Roberto Burle Marx’s Cidade Parque","authors":"Barbara Boifava","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2020.1886518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2020.1886518","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The work of Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx evidences the implementation of a new, all-encompassing landscape in urban space, conveying an unprecedented and unique image of the city conceived of as a park. Through a paradigmatic case study of Rio de Janeiro, this article discusses the modern system of green spaces designed by Burle Marx in which the rediscovery of an elevated quality of nature, one that recalls the native ecology and the essence of the urban environment, plays a decisive role in introducing the invention of a Brazilian modern landscape. By focusing on the idea of the city understood as a distinct form of landscape, Burle Marx’s Cidade Parque is ultimately the expression of a modern system of creative principles as they apply and adapt to nature and to the individual. This article therefore aims to put forth an alternative reading of Burle Marx’s work, starting at the metropolitan scale where a modern consistent continuum of public spaces was created, beginning with a rediscovery of the virgin forest.","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"11 1","pages":"74 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84220925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2020.1886524
B. Rinaldi
{"title":"Important texts for landscape architecture from the last decade: Take 2","authors":"B. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2020.1886524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2020.1886524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"120 1","pages":"90 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90266169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2020.1886517
Alessandro Gabbianelli
Abstract In the Madrid Río Park, two very different approaches to landscape design have been juxtaposed and coexist. The first project_designed by the group composed of MRío and WEST 8_was a staged space based on a rereading of several sites by the evocation of a series of symbolic figures in the city and territory. The second, by the Ecologistas en Acción group, utilized a process of ‘naturalization’ of the Manzanares to bring about a formless configuration of the river. Today, Madrid Río Park is the expres sion of the two very different projects, created ten years apart, enacting two strategies, each with its own very different language and aesthetic outcome; such is the profound complexity of the urban public space created, that the park has become a major case study. This essay will try to analyse its dual soul by addressing the notions of the ‘formal’ and the ‘formless’.
在马德里Río公园，两种截然不同的景观设计方法并存。由MRío和WEST 8组成的团队设计的第一个项目是一个基于重新阅读几个地点的舞台空间，通过唤起城市和地区的一系列象征性人物。第二个项目由Ecologistas en Acción小组设计，利用Manzanares的“自然化”过程，形成了河流的无形形态。今天，马德里Río公园是两个截然不同的项目的表达，创造了十年，制定了两种策略，每个都有自己非常不同的语言和美学结果;这就是城市公共空间创造的深刻复杂性，公园已经成为一个主要的案例研究。本文将试图通过解决“形式”和“无形”的概念来分析其双重灵魂。
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Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2020.1886528
Anette Freytag
{"title":"Lost in the Transit Desert: Race, Transit Access, and Suburban Form","authors":"Anette Freytag","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2020.1886528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2020.1886528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"8 1","pages":"91 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81613445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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