Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2022.2110433
Aaron M. King
{"title":"The Topography of Wellness: How Health and Disease Shaped the American Landscape","authors":"Aaron M. King","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2022.2110433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2022.2110433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"7 1","pages":"90 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89729104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2022.2110418
T. Clemmensen
Abstract The Anthropocene not only questions perceptions of nature, but also inspires us to expand and rethink the aesthetic repertoire of landscape architecture. This article discusses process aesthetics, or time-based aesthetics, in relation to humanly modified ground, particularly the role of erosion and sedimentation. The discussion is centred around a study of the Port of Aarhus in Denmark. The study includes a description of material conditions found at the port and a discussion of their aesthetic potential in sensitizing humans to the environmental conditions of the Anthropocene. The discussion draws on works of art that address time in relation to ground conditions and the experience of the environment.
{"title":"Humanly modified ground and time-based aesthetics","authors":"T. Clemmensen","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2022.2110418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2022.2110418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Anthropocene not only questions perceptions of nature, but also inspires us to expand and rethink the aesthetic repertoire of landscape architecture. This article discusses process aesthetics, or time-based aesthetics, in relation to humanly modified ground, particularly the role of erosion and sedimentation. The discussion is centred around a study of the Port of Aarhus in Denmark. The study includes a description of material conditions found at the port and a discussion of their aesthetic potential in sensitizing humans to the environmental conditions of the Anthropocene. The discussion draws on works of art that address time in relation to ground conditions and the experience of the environment.","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"140 1","pages":"38 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79982101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046769
Fadi Masoud, Elspeth Holland
Abstract Prior to the conception of resilience as an ecological model and an ensuing priority design objective, the Office of Frederick Law Olmsted deployed comprehensive planning and design strategies that would be considered ‘resilient’ by most present-day standards. In this study, a selection of nineteenth- andearly twentieth-century projects were reviewed in tandem with over fifty contemporary flood resilience projects. This assessment led to the derivation of six overarching design frameworks and affiliated physical site strategies. A selection of Olmsted’s projects were then assessed for their embodiment of each of these frameworks and deployment of physical design strategies. Resilient design themes such as ‘systems thinking’, ‘safe to fail’, ‘redundancy’ and ‘accounting for indeterminacy’ were found to be consistently prevalent and central to the Olmsted Office. These findings emphasize embedded disciplinary knowledge in landscape architectural discourse, practice and tools that remain critical for cities’ resilience in the twenty-first century.
在将弹性作为生态模型和随后的优先设计目标的概念之前，Frederick Law Olmsted办公室部署了全面的规划和设计策略，这些策略将被当今大多数标准视为“弹性”。在这项研究中，选择了19世纪和20世纪的项目，并将其与50多个当代洪水恢复项目结合起来进行了回顾。这一评估产生了六个总体设计框架和相关的物理场地策略。然后对Olmsted项目的选择进行评估，以体现这些框架和物理设计策略的部署。弹性设计主题，如“系统思考”、“安全失败”、“冗余”和“考虑不确定性”被发现一直是奥姆斯特德办公室的流行和核心。这些发现强调了景观建筑话语、实践和工具中嵌入的学科知识，这些知识对21世纪的城市弹性至关重要。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046775
Kevan Klosterwill
Abstract Reflecting on the myriad practices involved in the production of landscapes and the ways these can result both in local metabolic rifts and aggregate in a planetary carbon rift, this essay offers a model for the interaction of spatial practices on the land, and asks how these confluences of practices might be tuned towards a flourishing planet. In the contemporary Western context, these practices can be broadly organized into manifestations of either modern or counter-modern sensibilities. Linked with these sensibilities, two categories of planet-minded practices are identified that are argued to reflect these two sensibilities, geoengineering and planetary gardening, respectively. The latter, it is argued, is a more imaginative, pluralistic and effective approach to governing climate action. The work of planetary gardening affords landscape architects new opportunities and challenges, but also new allies, human and nonhuman, and techniques for landscape care, old and new.
{"title":"In what style should we terraform? Geoengineering, planetary gardening and the creation of flourishing ecologies of practice","authors":"Kevan Klosterwill","doi":"10.1080/18626033.2021.2046775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2021.2046775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reflecting on the myriad practices involved in the production of landscapes and the ways these can result both in local metabolic rifts and aggregate in a planetary carbon rift, this essay offers a model for the interaction of spatial practices on the land, and asks how these confluences of practices might be tuned towards a flourishing planet. In the contemporary Western context, these practices can be broadly organized into manifestations of either modern or counter-modern sensibilities. Linked with these sensibilities, two categories of planet-minded practices are identified that are argued to reflect these two sensibilities, geoengineering and planetary gardening, respectively. The latter, it is argued, is a more imaginative, pluralistic and effective approach to governing climate action. The work of planetary gardening affords landscape architects new opportunities and challenges, but also new allies, human and nonhuman, and techniques for landscape care, old and new.","PeriodicalId":43606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Architecture","volume":"41 1","pages":"66 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81612857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2031736
Raf Ilsbroekx, M. Van Acker
Abstract Public underground car parks could be interpreted as capsular infrastructure landscapes, attracting cars to the heart of the city and sweeping them under the proverbial carpet. However, today many contemporary urban planners and policymakers tend to discourage car use in their city centres, causing a decreasing need for parking space. This emerging paradigm shift in mobility creates the potential for adaptive reuse of these hidden landscapes. However, scenarios for adaptive reuse of these specific urban landscapes are currently lacking. Through research by photography, the study first uncovers the specific morphology of underground car parks by visually unpacking the construction into its constituting elements. Then three scenarios for adaptive reuse are elaborated through a landscape approach, all facilitating more inclusive and sustainable urban public programmes. Finally, the impact on the urban landscape and the potential of these scenarios are tested in the specific design context of a small-scale city: a network of three car parks in Mechelen in Belgium serves as a canvas for this research by design conducted in the context of a Master’s design studio.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046787
Jacek Smolicki, Tim Shaw
Jacek Smolicki and Tim Shaw Soundwalking is the practice of walking through a space while prioritizing listening. Evolved through the research of the World Soundscape Project, early soundwalking experiments studied the transformation of soundscapes in Vancouver in the late 1960s.1 The group consisted of scholars, composers and artists united by an interest in sound and environment. As Hildegard Westerkamp described:
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046817
Xiaoxuan Lu
Heike Rahmann from RMIT University, The Big Asian Book of Landscape Architecture offers fresh perspectives in the field of landscape architecture, hitherto dominated by North American and European influences, by addressing the question of ‘what it means to design, do business, and think about nature, space, and urbanism with an Asian sensibility’ (p. 12). In taking on this challenging task, Walliss and Rahmann set out to document an emerging contemporary landscape practice in Asia characterized by diversity and audacity. Notably, this book is not a national catalogue or record of ‘Asian’ design projects that define knowledge and design approaches by geographies. Instead, the book represents Asia as a milieu of manifold and overlapping framings and ideas under the moniker ‘Asia as Method’ (p. 12). The remainder of this review highlights the multiplicity of ‘relationships’ that guided the development, structure and framing of the book, and signposts potential directions for further investigation. The introduction includes a revealing behind-the-scenes story about the development of the book itself, offering an insightful perspective of the relationship between Australia and Asia as illustrated by the relationship between this book and a previous publication and workshop presented by the editorial team. The current book, as Walliss and Rahmann point out, is inspired by and based on their 2017 collaboration on a themed edition of Landscape Architecture Australia (LAA) entitled ‘Embracing the Asian Century’, born out of a critical moment when the Australian 2016 Census revealed that for the first time since colonization, the majority of overseas-born Australians came from Asia rather than Europe and that Australia is no longer ‘a neutral Anglo country in the region’ and ‘looks more like Asia than ever before’. The themed edition investigated how Australia’s changing identity and relationship with Asia influenced its local landscape architectural profession, presenting the topic in three parts, ‘Asia in Australia’, ‘Practising in Asia’ and ‘An Asian practice’. It is fair to say that it inclined towards an Australia-centric understanding of ‘Asian’ and how the ‘Asian Century’ is influencing education, practice and discourse in and beyond Australia. The themed edition of LAA was a critical catalyst for the more ambitious edited book The Big Asian Book of Landscape Architecture published three years later. While the former examined Asia in the context of its changing relationship with an increasingly Euro-Asian Australia, the latter emphasizes a new collectiveness of ‘Asia’ and the use of ‘Big’ in the book title celebrates the complexity and diversity of ideas about Asian landscape architecture. The anecdote about the workshop that laid the foundations for the book and spurred Walliss and Rahmann to expand their network of Asian designers and academics, hints at the uniqueness of doing business in an Asian context. The duo, with no funding confirmed, expr
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046809
O. Fekete, K. Szilágyi
Abstract Contemporary zoos are facing a complex set of conditions: they conduct scientific studies aimed at the conservation of species and their habitats on the one hand, and pursue the involvement of the audience in the protection and care of nature on the other. Looking around the world of zoos, only a few have been able to evolve into complex conservation centres. The development process takes decades, and the challenge is comparable to the transition of menageries into zoological gardens in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This article conveys how landscape architecture can contribute to this metamorphosis by increasing the wellbeing of confined animals and discovering strategies to foster the transformation of even the oldest zoo into a modern scientific institution. While the survey concentrates on the spatial development of Tiergarten Schönbrunn and the environmental quality of animal enclosures (thus on animal welfare), the discussion explores the correlation between the changing operation strategies and the visitors’ experience in the light of landscape architecture.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/18626033.2021.2046815
K. Shannon
Job Outlook Prospective architects may face competition for entry-level positions, especially if the number of architectural degrees awarded remains at current levels or increases. Employment of architects is projected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through 2010 and additional job openings will stem from the need to replace architects who retire or leave the labor force for other reasons. However, many individuals are attracted to this occupation, and the number of applicants often exceeds the number of available jobs, especially in the most prestigious firms. Prospective architects who gain career-related experience in an architectural firm while in school and who know CADD technology (especially that which conforms to the new national standards) will have a distinct advantage in obtaining an intern-architect position after graduation. Employment of architects is strongly tied to the level of local construction, particularly nonresidential structures such as office buildings, shopping centers, schools, and healthcare facilities. After a boom in nonresidential construction during the 1980s, building slowed significantly during the first half of the 1990s. This trend is expected to continue because of slower labor force growth and increases in telecommuting and flexiplace work. However, as the stock of buildings ages, demand for remodeling and repair work should grow considerably. The needed renovation and rehabilitation of old buildings, particularly in urban areas where space for new buildings is becoming limited, is expected to provide many job opportunities for architects. In addition, demographic trends and changes in healthcare delivery are influencing the demand for certain institutional structures, and should also provide more jobs for architects in the future. For example, increases in the schoolage population have resulted in new school construction. Additions to existing schools (especially colleges and universities), as well as overall modernization, will continue to add to demand for architects through 2010. Growth is expected in the number of adult care centers, assisted-living facilities, and community health clinics, all of which are preferable, less costly alternatives to hospitals and nursing homes. Because construction—particularly office and retail—is sensitive to cyclical changes in the economy, architects will face particularly strong competition for jobs or clients during recessions, and layoffs may occur. Those involved in the design of institutional buildings such as schools, hospitals, nursing homes, and correctional facilities will be less affected by fluctuations in the economy. Even in times of overall good job opportunities, however, there may be areas of the country with poor opportunities. Architects who are licensed to practice in one State must meet the licensing requirements of other States before practicing elsewhere. Obtaining licensure in other States, after initially receiving licens
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