Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02564718.2021.1923706
Josephine Muganiwa
Summary The article is a literary analysis of Yvonne Vera's The Stone Virgins tracing the effects of genocide on society as represented in the novel. Existing criticism of the novel either focuses on the poetry and lyricism of the novel or the terror and violence of the war. This article draws on genocide theories to unpack the stages of genocide and its aftermath as represented in the novel. It argues that without understanding the dynamics that led to the violence in Matabeleland, there is likely to be a repeat as people are unaware of what to avoid.
{"title":"Genocidal Action and Framing in Vera's The Stone Virgins","authors":"Josephine Muganiwa","doi":"10.1080/02564718.2021.1923706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2021.1923706","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The article is a literary analysis of Yvonne Vera's The Stone Virgins tracing the effects of genocide on society as represented in the novel. Existing criticism of the novel either focuses on the poetry and lyricism of the novel or the terror and violence of the war. This article draws on genocide theories to unpack the stages of genocide and its aftermath as represented in the novel. It argues that without understanding the dynamics that led to the violence in Matabeleland, there is likely to be a repeat as people are unaware of what to avoid.","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76207858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02564718.2021.1923729
O. Seda
Summary The question of whether or not it is proper to create fictionalised works of art out of traumatic episodes of human history such as the Nazi Holocaust of the 2nd World or the Rwandan genocide of 1994 is one which continues to trouble mankind. This dilemma was famously posed by Theodor Adorno (1965) and Lawrence Langer (1975) when they questioned the potential dangers and the morality of “re-victimising the victim” (Hove 2015) through the production and propagation of artistic works that depict intense human suffering such as that which is wrought by genocide. Although Langer poses the question; is it possible and ethical to depict human tragedy without trivialising or exploiting the scale of the suffering and; what moral responsibility do artists have in undertaking such a task, he nevertheless suggests the adoption of an ‘aesthetics of atrocity’ which will enable these art forms to present landscapes of despair in such a way as to coax the reader into a mixture of credulity and complicity even as they also assist humanity to engage and transcend these tragic events in a more positive way.
{"title":"The Rhetoric of Shimon Wincelberg’s Resort ‘76 and the Aesthetics of Atrocity in Drama of the Holocaust","authors":"O. Seda","doi":"10.1080/02564718.2021.1923729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2021.1923729","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The question of whether or not it is proper to create fictionalised works of art out of traumatic episodes of human history such as the Nazi Holocaust of the 2nd World or the Rwandan genocide of 1994 is one which continues to trouble mankind. This dilemma was famously posed by Theodor Adorno (1965) and Lawrence Langer (1975) when they questioned the potential dangers and the morality of “re-victimising the victim” (Hove 2015) through the production and propagation of artistic works that depict intense human suffering such as that which is wrought by genocide. Although Langer poses the question; is it possible and ethical to depict human tragedy without trivialising or exploiting the scale of the suffering and; what moral responsibility do artists have in undertaking such a task, he nevertheless suggests the adoption of an ‘aesthetics of atrocity’ which will enable these art forms to present landscapes of despair in such a way as to coax the reader into a mixture of credulity and complicity even as they also assist humanity to engage and transcend these tragic events in a more positive way.","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81334426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02564718.2021.1923737
B. Sibanda
Summary The Gukurahundi genocide in Zimbabwe claimed more than 20 000 lives in the Matebeleland and Midlands provinces of the country at the hands of the state and its militia for political and tribal reasons. This article seeks to demonstrate how language, through hate speech, naming, symbolisation, dehumanisation, and classification, justified and rationalised Gukurahundi. While the linguistic conventions used by state actors before and during Gukurahundi did not cause genocide, it created two social climates, one that legitimised tribal and political hatred, thus eliminating any social sanctions preventing genocide and the other that unmasked the state-sponsored genocide clothed as a necessary military exercise against dissidents. This article employs Allport's (1954) Scale of Prejudice and Stanton's (2016) eight stages of genocide as a tool of making sense of the social processes that create society's progression from prejudice and discrimination to genocide; how through language conventions, the unthinkable becomes acceptable through the erosion of moral, social, religious and rational boundaries. Linguistic conventions show how power is enacted through discourse, how language acts prepare and maintain the way for physical and material acts, and how the same language conventions generate permissions for Gukurahundi, the Rwanda genocide and the Holocaust, amongst others. To demonstrate the permissibility conditions for non-linguistic behaviours like Gukurahundi, this article addresses the metaphor of Gukurahundi, the dehumanisation of the victims, political and religious constructions and the re-construction of the ‘other’.
{"title":"The Language of the Gukurahundi Genocide in Zimbabwe: 1980-1987","authors":"B. Sibanda","doi":"10.1080/02564718.2021.1923737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2021.1923737","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Gukurahundi genocide in Zimbabwe claimed more than 20 000 lives in the Matebeleland and Midlands provinces of the country at the hands of the state and its militia for political and tribal reasons. This article seeks to demonstrate how language, through hate speech, naming, symbolisation, dehumanisation, and classification, justified and rationalised Gukurahundi. While the linguistic conventions used by state actors before and during Gukurahundi did not cause genocide, it created two social climates, one that legitimised tribal and political hatred, thus eliminating any social sanctions preventing genocide and the other that unmasked the state-sponsored genocide clothed as a necessary military exercise against dissidents. This article employs Allport's (1954) Scale of Prejudice and Stanton's (2016) eight stages of genocide as a tool of making sense of the social processes that create society's progression from prejudice and discrimination to genocide; how through language conventions, the unthinkable becomes acceptable through the erosion of moral, social, religious and rational boundaries. Linguistic conventions show how power is enacted through discourse, how language acts prepare and maintain the way for physical and material acts, and how the same language conventions generate permissions for Gukurahundi, the Rwanda genocide and the Holocaust, amongst others. To demonstrate the permissibility conditions for non-linguistic behaviours like Gukurahundi, this article addresses the metaphor of Gukurahundi, the dehumanisation of the victims, political and religious constructions and the re-construction of the ‘other’.","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89852379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defenses of Vis and Rāmin in the Morality Court: Investigating the Causes of Immoral Actions in Vis and Rāmin","authors":"Batool Heidari, I. Toghyani, Sayyed Mahdi Nourian","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79494352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological Mechanisms to Escape from the Negative Aspects of Freedom in Simin Behbahani’s Poems from Erich Fromm’s Perspective","authors":"zahra Ganbar Ali Bagheni, Shahin Oujaq Alizadeh","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89025693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Literary Criticism: History and Application in Iran","authors":"Abdolrasoul Shakeri, Masoud Farahmandfar","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74438788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Socrates of Athens to Abu Sa'id of Mihana: Symbols of intellectual and moral individuality","authors":"H. Abbasi, Zeynab Talayi","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73691243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Structure of Two Stories of Marzbān-nāma and Haft Peykar Using Greimas’ Actantial Model","authors":"Narjes Ghabeli, S. A. Parsa, E. Rajabi","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Meaning of “The Other” in Sartre’s Play No Exit and Modarresi’s Novel Yakolia va Tanhaei Ou with respect to Sartre’s Existentialism","authors":"A. Taslimi, F. Amirinia, Zahra Mashhadi Karimi","doi":"10.52547/jls.8.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jls.8.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81363145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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