Taking a multi-scalar approach to capitalism from the perspective of recent economic geography and regarding public transport as an element of capitalist regulation, this study compares the provincial and national spatial scales. Rescaling occurs when provinces assume responsibility for supplying transport services to achieve provincial-scale regulation. This process occurs when the province is better equipped than the state to provide the intensity and efficiency of governance needed to regulate services. Comparison of the National Railway of Nigeria, falling under the federal government and LAMATA falling under the province of Lagos, empirically ascertains rescaling in regulation and identifies ʻthe cycle of democratic governanceʼ.
{"title":"CAPITALIST REGULATION AND RESCALING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE: A CASE OF NIGERIA","authors":"Fujio Mizuoka, K. Shimono","doi":"10.15057/26015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/26015","url":null,"abstract":"Taking a multi-scalar approach to capitalism from the perspective of recent economic geography and regarding public transport as an element of capitalist regulation, this study compares the provincial and national spatial scales. Rescaling occurs when provinces assume responsibility for supplying transport services to achieve provincial-scale regulation. This process occurs when the province is better equipped than the state to provide the intensity and efficiency of governance needed to regulate services. Comparison of the National Railway of Nigeria, falling under the federal government and LAMATA falling under the province of Lagos, empirically ascertains rescaling in regulation and identifies ʻthe cycle of democratic governanceʼ.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"251-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the data from the Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry (FSSCI), we examine whether the decrease of corporate debt subsequent to the banking crisis in the late 1990s improved the efficiency of factor allocation at the microeconomic level. While the cross-sectoral movement of capital seems to have increased in the 2000s, negative profit is associated with the increase of corporate debt during the period of mild recovery in the mid-2000s. Thus even after the banking panic and the subsequent policy measures cleaned up major nonperforming loans, some nonnegligible number of "zombie firms" must have remained.
{"title":"DEBT RESTRUCTURING OF JAPANESE CORPORATIONS: EFFICIENCY OF FACTOR ALLOCATIONS AND THE DEBT-LABOR COMPLEMENTARITY","authors":"Tokuo Iwaisako, Chiaki Fukuoka, Takefumi Kanou","doi":"10.15057/25775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25775","url":null,"abstract":"Using the data from the Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry (FSSCI), we examine whether the decrease of corporate debt subsequent to the banking crisis in the late 1990s improved the efficiency of factor allocation at the microeconomic level. While the cross-sectoral movement of capital seems to have increased in the 2000s, negative profit is associated with the increase of corporate debt during the period of mild recovery in the mid-2000s. Thus even after the banking panic and the subsequent policy measures cleaned up major nonperforming loans, some nonnegligible number of \"zombie firms\" must have remained.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66729916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies have confirmed that the separation of parents and children has a negative impact on children's growth. Although compulsory-education barriers for migrants' children have gradually disappeared in China, many families who migrate to cities have to leave their school-age children in their hometown. In this paper, using a logit model, we investigate which factors influence school-residential choice for migrants' children. The latest migration survey, Shanghai's 2011 Floating Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, which contains data on 23, 517 migrant families, is used. We obtain two major findings. First, higher levels of household income and parents' education increase the probability of migrants' children receiving their education in the city. Our second finding, which has more policy implications, is that noncompulsory-education barriers still prevent many migrants' children from moving to the city.
{"title":"WHO HAD TO LEAVE THEIR CHILDREN BEHIND? EVIDENCE FROM A MIGRANT SURVEY IN SHANGHAI","authors":"Shengyan Xu, Hongfei Zhu, Xiaolong Li","doi":"10.15057/25777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25777","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have confirmed that the separation of parents and children has a negative impact on children's growth. Although compulsory-education barriers for migrants' children have gradually disappeared in China, many families who migrate to cities have to leave their school-age children in their hometown. In this paper, using a logit model, we investigate which factors influence school-residential choice for migrants' children. The latest migration survey, Shanghai's 2011 Floating Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, which contains data on 23, 517 migrant families, is used. We obtain two major findings. First, higher levels of household income and parents' education increase the probability of migrants' children receiving their education in the city. Our second finding, which has more policy implications, is that noncompulsory-education barriers still prevent many migrants' children from moving to the city.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"152 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study empirically investigates whether several negative income shocks to medical suppliers lead them to provide patients with unnecessary and/or excessive treatments. We use a variable that is objectively assessed as representing inducement: the amount of fraudulent and/or incorrect claims detected during the bill inspection processes. The empirical results indicate that medical suppliers increase inducement by 7.5 percent in response to a 1 percent medical fee reduction, but that changes in medical supply densities do not affect it. We also find that medical suppliers in more competitive areas are more sensitive to medical fee reductions and that suppliers in low-density areas tend to provide inducements in response to patient shortages.
{"title":"Medical Fee Reforms, Changes In Medical Supply Densities, And Supplier-Induced Demand: Empirical Evidence From Japan","authors":"Michio Yuda","doi":"10.15057/25780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25780","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically investigates whether several negative income shocks to medical suppliers lead them to provide patients with unnecessary and/or excessive treatments. We use a variable that is objectively assessed as representing inducement: the amount of fraudulent and/or incorrect claims detected during the bill inspection processes. The empirical results indicate that medical suppliers increase inducement by 7.5 percent in response to a 1 percent medical fee reduction, but that changes in medical supply densities do not affect it. We also find that medical suppliers in more competitive areas are more sensitive to medical fee reductions and that suppliers in low-density areas tend to provide inducements in response to patient shortages.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"79-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the influence of family human capital on offspring's economic status in post reform rural China, using nationally representative cross-sectional survey of rural households for 2002. Focuses are on family class origin and occupational experiences. The major findings are as follows. First, parental experiences of a nonagricultural family business before collectivization have a positive and statistically significant effect on offspring's family wealth. Second, the offspring of landlord/rich peasant and middle peasant families are more likely to have higher family wealth than poor and lower-middle peasant families. The findings suggest the robustness of the rural family as the cultural entity.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FAMILY BACKGROUND ON CURRENT FAMILY WEALTH IN RURAL CHINA","authors":"H. Sato, Shi Li","doi":"10.15057/25778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the influence of family human capital on offspring's economic status in post reform rural China, using nationally representative cross-sectional survey of rural households for 2002. Focuses are on family class origin and occupational experiences. The major findings are as follows. First, parental experiences of a nonagricultural family business before collectivization have a positive and statistically significant effect on offspring's family wealth. Second, the offspring of landlord/rich peasant and middle peasant families are more likely to have higher family wealth than poor and lower-middle peasant families. The findings suggest the robustness of the rural family as the cultural entity.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"95-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In view of the importance of happiness, the present study aims to investigate the sociodemographic determinants of happiness among Penang (Malaysia) adults. An ordered probit model and a primary survey data with a total of 398 observations are used in this study. The results reveal that ethnicity, marital status and education are statistically significant in determining individuals' happiness, whereas income, gender, age, employment status and presence of chronic diseases are not statistically significant in determining individuals' happiness. Based on these observed outcomes, several policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF SELF-RATED HAPPINESS: THE CASE OF PENANG, MALAYSIA","authors":"Y. Cheah, C. Tang","doi":"10.15057/25779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25779","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the importance of happiness, the present study aims to investigate the sociodemographic determinants of happiness among Penang (Malaysia) adults. An ordered probit model and a primary survey data with a total of 398 observations are used in this study. The results reveal that ethnicity, marital status and education are statistically significant in determining individuals' happiness, whereas income, gender, age, employment status and presence of chronic diseases are not statistically significant in determining individuals' happiness. Based on these observed outcomes, several policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study compares a differentiated Cournot duopoly with a two-product monopoly by using the socially optimal solution as a reference point. Each solution is allowedto be either an interior or a corner solution. We establish that the ranking regarding each individual price is clear-cut and normal. In contrast, every one of the rankings regarding individual outputs and industry output can go either way. More importantly, the duopoly may be less welfare-efficient than the monopoly. For example, when demands are linear, lower welfare is achieved if the asymmetry between firms is strong enough. One reason is that when firms are asymmetric, the output structure in the duopoly is distorted with probability one, whereas the output structure in the monopoly is generally socially optimal.
{"title":"COMPARING COURNOT DUOPOLY AND MONOPOLY WITH ASYMMETRIC DIFFERENTIATED GOODS","authors":"Ming-Chung Chang, Yun-Chieh Lin, Chiu Fen Lin","doi":"10.15057/25380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25380","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares a differentiated Cournot duopoly with a two-product monopoly by using the socially optimal solution as a reference point. Each solution is allowedto be either an interior or a corner solution. We establish that the ranking regarding each individual price is clear-cut and normal. In contrast, every one of the rankings regarding individual outputs and industry output can go either way. More importantly, the duopoly may be less welfare-efficient than the monopoly. For example, when demands are linear, lower welfare is achieved if the asymmetry between firms is strong enough. One reason is that when firms are asymmetric, the output structure in the duopoly is distorted with probability one, whereas the output structure in the monopoly is generally socially optimal.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"177-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using personnel and transaction data obtained from two Canadian auto dealerships, we examine whether ethnic matches between salespersons and customers affectsales prices and the number of units sold by individual salespersons. Regarding prices, we detect neither premium price setting nor discounting among seller-buyer matches of the same ethnic groups relative to those of different ethnic groups. Regarding the number of units sold by individual salespersons, however, we find that, relative to customer demographics, salespersons sell larger quantities to customers of the same ethnic group. Moreover, we find that high-performing salespersons conduct more transactions with customers of the same ethnic group than low-performers, especially in months when business conditions are unfavorable.
{"title":"SELLER-BUYER ETHNIC MATCHES: THE CASE OF CAR TRANSACTIONS AT TWO NORTH AMERICAN AUTO DEALERSHIPS","authors":"Hideo Owan, T. Tsuru, K. Uehara","doi":"10.15057/25384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25384","url":null,"abstract":"Using personnel and transaction data obtained from two Canadian auto dealerships, we examine whether ethnic matches between salespersons and customers affectsales prices and the number of units sold by individual salespersons. Regarding prices, we detect neither premium price setting nor discounting among seller-buyer matches of the same ethnic groups relative to those of different ethnic groups. Regarding the number of units sold by individual salespersons, however, we find that, relative to customer demographics, salespersons sell larger quantities to customers of the same ethnic group. Moreover, we find that high-performing salespersons conduct more transactions with customers of the same ethnic group than low-performers, especially in months when business conditions are unfavorable.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"217-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate the economic effects of possible free trade agreements among ASEAN+3 countries, and then compare the economic results of those FTAs. Our main findings are as follows. First, the trilateral FTA among Korea, China, and ASEAN (FTA_KCA) under the imperfectly competitive model, which would bring about a 1.02% increase in GDP for Korea, is the second-best choice for Korea. Second, according to the sectoral effects, we determined that the output of agricultural products would decrease when China joins the FTA. This is because China has a comparative advantage in the production and export of agricultural products.
{"title":"A CGE ANALYSIS OF THE ASEAN+3 FREE TRADE AGREEMENT UNDER DIFFERENT MARKET STRUCTURES","authors":"Sang‐Ho Lee, Chung-sil Kim","doi":"10.15057/25386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25386","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the economic effects of possible free trade agreements among ASEAN+3 countries, and then compare the economic results of those FTAs. Our main findings are as follows. First, the trilateral FTA among Korea, China, and ASEAN (FTA_KCA) under the imperfectly competitive model, which would bring about a 1.02% increase in GDP for Korea, is the second-best choice for Korea. Second, according to the sectoral effects, we determined that the output of agricultural products would decrease when China joins the FTA. This is because China has a comparative advantage in the production and export of agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"201-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66729892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure of the present global capitalist world, which is composed of various sets of capitalist systems, can be clearly explained and described with the mathematical concept of 'measure' instead of the conventional term of 'value'. The history of the commodity world is that of the irreversible order of three measures: use-measure, exchange-measure and temporal exchange-measure. According to that order, sets of capitalist systems have 'grown' up to the present day. This process of capitalist 'growth' is a transformation process from the realeconomic world or space-time of use-measure to the rational space of null sets dominated by money. It may foretell the destiny of mankind's economic activities and the vicissitudes of human civilization.
{"title":"METAECONOMIC THEORY OF CAPITALIST SYSTEM AND CIVILIZATION: FROM 'VALUE' TO MEASURE","authors":"Yoshiro Kamitake","doi":"10.15057/25382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/25382","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the present global capitalist world, which is composed of various sets of capitalist systems, can be clearly explained and described with the mathematical concept of 'measure' instead of the conventional term of 'value'. The history of the commodity world is that of the irreversible order of three measures: use-measure, exchange-measure and temporal exchange-measure. According to that order, sets of capitalist systems have 'grown' up to the present day. This process of capitalist 'growth' is a transformation process from the realeconomic world or space-time of use-measure to the rational space of null sets dominated by money. It may foretell the destiny of mankind's economic activities and the vicissitudes of human civilization.","PeriodicalId":43705,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66730254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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