Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.004
Fatima Shubbar, R. Furlan
In the past few decades, cities and/or urban settlements have been experiencing growing population and environmental degradation. Environmental trends, such as biodiversity loss and global warming are increasing rapidly, as a result of the ecological footprints of cities. Gulf cities, for example, have been rapidly developed since the discovery of oil and under the influence of globalization as they transition from traditional settlements into modern metropolitan cities. With this fast modernization, green and agricultural spaces have been reduced and/or replaced by built-up areas and buildings, alien to the multilayered historical built form, changing the built environment of cities and causing environmental, social, and economic problems. Consequently, the planning of parks and open spaces have been neglected within the formulation of modern master planning of cities, resulting in the formation of areas mostly scattered in empty lots. Parks and open spaces, often disconnected from the existing built form of cities, do not fit into the neighborhood’s scale. Simply planned to fulfill the human need for recreation, these scattered open spaces lack connectivity between them and have weak accessibility/connectivity to their neighborhoods. Namely, this research study (1) investigates the accessibility and connectivity of Bahrain Fort and King Faisal Corniche in Bahrain with the surrounding neighborhoods, (2) reveals the factors affecting the connectivity of the two significant sites and accordingly (3) proposes the strategies to enhance it.
{"title":"Connectivity of the Public Realm: The Case of Bahrain Fort and King Faisal Corniche in Bahrain","authors":"Fatima Shubbar, R. Furlan","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.004","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few decades, cities and/or urban settlements have been experiencing growing population and environmental degradation. Environmental trends, such as biodiversity loss and global warming are increasing rapidly, as a result of the ecological footprints of cities. Gulf cities, for example, have been rapidly developed since the discovery of oil and under the influence of globalization as they transition from traditional settlements into modern metropolitan cities. With this fast modernization, green and agricultural spaces have been reduced and/or replaced by built-up areas and buildings, alien to the multilayered historical built form, changing the built environment of cities and causing environmental, social, and economic problems. Consequently, the planning of parks and open spaces have been neglected within the formulation of modern master planning of cities, resulting in the formation of areas mostly scattered in empty lots. Parks and open spaces, often disconnected from the existing built form of cities, do not fit into the neighborhood’s scale. Simply planned to fulfill the human need for recreation, these scattered open spaces lack connectivity between them and have weak accessibility/connectivity to their neighborhoods. Namely, this research study (1) investigates the accessibility and connectivity of Bahrain Fort and King Faisal Corniche in Bahrain with the surrounding neighborhoods, (2) reveals the factors affecting the connectivity of the two significant sites and accordingly (3) proposes the strategies to enhance it.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129283136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.002
R KarimF.
The porous surface of lightweight aggregate is the main weakness property for producing lightweight concrete. Thus, the filling porous in lightweight aggregate and creating thin layer surrounds aggregate produce stronger lightweight concrete. Therefore, the influence of silica fume and Sika level 100T on the tensile and compressive strengths of lightweight concrete is highlighted in this investigation. For this reason, it was cast and tested 84 lightweight concrete cubes and prisms. It was found that the compressive strength improves up to 22.73% and 34.57% due to inclusion 7.23% of silica fume and 9.6% of Sika level 100T, respectively. While the flexural strength enhances up to 5.4% and 25.72% due to adding 7.23% of silica fume and 9.6% of Sika level 100T, respectively. In addition, the curve fitting software was used in the formulation of the proposed models to verify this improvement and it was found that the proposed model has a good agreement with the test results.
{"title":"Effect of Thin Cementitious Crust on the Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Pumice Aggregate Concrete","authors":"R KarimF.","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.002","url":null,"abstract":"The porous surface of lightweight aggregate is the main weakness property for producing lightweight concrete. Thus, the filling porous in lightweight aggregate and creating thin layer surrounds aggregate produce stronger lightweight concrete. Therefore, the influence of silica fume and Sika level 100T on the tensile and compressive strengths of lightweight concrete is highlighted in this investigation. For this reason, it was cast and tested 84 lightweight concrete cubes and prisms. It was found that the compressive strength improves up to 22.73% and 34.57% due to inclusion 7.23% of silica fume and 9.6% of Sika level 100T, respectively. While the flexural strength enhances up to 5.4% and 25.72% due to adding 7.23% of silica fume and 9.6% of Sika level 100T, respectively. In addition, the curve fitting software was used in the formulation of the proposed models to verify this improvement and it was found that the proposed model has a good agreement with the test results.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.005
Er. Binod Aryal
Cement most conform the minimum standard for use. The study is focused to assess minimum quality of cement maintained at field practice at Lokanthali Area. The quality of cement in use at site was examined by manual field test and lab test was conducted for the confirmation of physical properties of most preferred cement brand as per Indian Standard Specifications. Also, secondary data were used to collect the relevant data for the analysis of the results. Hetauda cement being the highest consumer choice brand was tested in the lab. The 28 day compressive strength was found to be 47.48Mpa and 49.56Mpa for old and fresh cement respectively while other physical properties were confirmed as per Indian Standard Specifications. The results of 28 day compressive strength test shows that cement have less than 53 grades and greater than 43 grades. Since, 43 grade is enough for the general construction of structural element below M25 concrete grade, Hetauda cement can be considered as quality brand cement for such uses. It is recommended that manufacturer of Hetauda cement should increase its production capacity to meet the demand of the consumer.
{"title":"Field Based Quality Assessment of Cement","authors":"Er. Binod Aryal","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2019.v03i05.005","url":null,"abstract":"Cement most conform the minimum standard for use. The study is focused to assess minimum quality of cement maintained at field practice at Lokanthali Area. The quality of cement in use at site was examined by manual field test and lab test was conducted for the confirmation of physical properties of most preferred cement brand as per Indian Standard Specifications. Also, secondary data were used to collect the relevant data for the analysis of the results. Hetauda cement being the highest consumer choice brand was tested in the lab. The 28 day compressive strength was found to be 47.48Mpa and 49.56Mpa for old and fresh cement respectively while other physical properties were confirmed as per Indian Standard Specifications. The results of 28 day compressive strength test shows that cement have less than 53 grades and greater than 43 grades. Since, 43 grade is enough for the general construction of structural element below M25 concrete grade, Hetauda cement can be considered as quality brand cement for such uses. It is recommended that manufacturer of Hetauda cement should increase its production capacity to meet the demand of the consumer.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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