Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.005
A. Jebur
In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In the past, the virtual 3D models are being built using primary materials, (e.g. wood), because of the flexibility and easy handling of this material, where the measurements are taken in traditional methods, so that the work is done in direct contact with the target [2]. However, with the advancement and development of techniques, the virtual 3D models are produced by computer-aided design and by using of auxiliary software's such as, AutoCAD but with manual measurements[8]. To overcome these difficulties, many techniques and remote sensing devices have been developed. These techniques are considered as the leaders in this respect and are commonly used in extracting 3D models nowadays such as photogrammetry and Light detection and ranging (Lidar). These techniques provide lots of information with high accuracy standards and reliability without direct contact with the real world (except for assessment and validation purposes). In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources.
{"title":"Application of 3D City Model and Method of Create of 3D Model- A Review Paper","authors":"A. Jebur","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In the past, the virtual 3D models are being built using primary materials, (e.g. wood), because of the flexibility and easy handling of this material, where the measurements are taken in traditional methods, so that the work is done in direct contact with the target [2]. However, with the advancement and development of techniques, the virtual 3D models are produced by computer-aided design and by using of auxiliary software's such as, AutoCAD but with manual measurements[8]. To overcome these difficulties, many techniques and remote sensing devices have been developed. These techniques are considered as the leaders in this respect and are commonly used in extracting 3D models nowadays such as photogrammetry and Light detection and ranging (Lidar). These techniques provide lots of information with high accuracy standards and reliability without direct contact with the real world (except for assessment and validation purposes). In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126767033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.006
A. Jebur
Documentation of cultural heritage is basically a computerized or digital representation of objects contains the realistic portrayal of objects in 2.5 or 3D and other details. It is an unquestionable reality that the most vital thing for transmitting cultural heritage to posterity is a delicate documentation. Up to the present there have been numerous advancements in documentation of cultural heritage through technology development, and contemporary documentation techniques have progressed speedily. In time, current techniques have turned out to be desirable over conventional methods in engineering in the existent state and in assurance of disfigurements and preparation of measured drawing projects of historical edifices. Over the most recent ten years, direct 3D documentation techniques are very well known and that great advancement. Generally several main geomatics approaches are using for documentation , in first approach, image based such as close range photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicles, infrared (IR) images, second approach are non-image-based such as conventional measurements, terrestrial laser scanning, and In third approach, many researcher are using hybrid method that companied between different techniques. With ongoing improvements in PC and information technologies, this notable customary method has been change with digital close-range photogrammetry. This new technique offers us new open doors, for example, automatic orientation and procedure of the measurement, create of 3D vector information, advanced ortho-image and digital surface model. Laser scanning is another innovation that lately has turned out to be progressively well known for documentation which gives exceptionally thick 3D points on an object surface with high exactness. Also, the 3D model and ortho-photo can be effortlessly created utilizing produced 3D point clouds and recorded digital pictures. This paper gives an overview about the techniques related with documentation of cultural heritage and the uses of cultural heritage.
{"title":"The Techniques of Cultural Heritage: Literature Review","authors":"A. Jebur","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Documentation of cultural heritage is basically a computerized or digital representation of objects contains the realistic portrayal of objects in 2.5 or 3D and other details. It is an unquestionable reality that the most vital thing for transmitting cultural heritage to posterity is a delicate documentation. Up to the present there have been numerous advancements in documentation of cultural heritage through technology development, and contemporary documentation techniques have progressed speedily. In time, current techniques have turned out to be desirable over conventional methods in engineering in the existent state and in assurance of disfigurements and preparation of measured drawing projects of historical edifices. Over the most recent ten years, direct 3D documentation techniques are very well known and that great advancement. Generally several main geomatics approaches are using for documentation , in first approach, image based such as close range photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicles, infrared (IR) images, second approach are non-image-based such as conventional measurements, terrestrial laser scanning, and In third approach, many researcher are using hybrid method that companied between different techniques. With ongoing improvements in PC and information technologies, this notable customary method has been change with digital close-range photogrammetry. This new technique offers us new open doors, for example, automatic orientation and procedure of the measurement, create of 3D vector information, advanced ortho-image and digital surface model. Laser scanning is another innovation that lately has turned out to be progressively well known for documentation which gives exceptionally thick 3D points on an object surface with high exactness. Also, the 3D model and ortho-photo can be effortlessly created utilizing produced 3D point clouds and recorded digital pictures. This paper gives an overview about the techniques related with documentation of cultural heritage and the uses of cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115877465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.004
P. K, R. K
This paper presents experimental results of retrofitted anchorage system of structural concrete by using Post-Installation of Supplementary Anchorage (PISA) as a implicit strengthening measure and to improve the nonlinear performance of conventional anchorage system in hardened concrete. A total sixty specimens of M25 grade concrete (150x150x300mm) with two different size of rebar anchorage of 12mm, 16mm and five different configuration of conventional anchorage system was retrofitted by PISA technique is verified under direct tension pullout quasi static loads. The configuration of anchorage comprised by straight bar (A1), 90degree bend (A2), 180degree hook (A3), single head bar (A4) and double head bar (A5). The test parameters considered are bond strength, ductility, stiffness and bar-slip and test variables are configuration of anchorage, size of rebar and presence of supplementary steel. The obtained results validated by ANSYS modeling. This study concludes that a considerable improvement of nonlinear parameters such as ultimate load (3-8%), stiffness (4%-17%), ductility (16%-52%) and concrete contribution (6%-23%) by using PISA technique.
本文介绍了采用后补锚固(Post-Installation of Supplementary anchor, PISA)作为一种隐式加固措施，改进加固混凝土结构锚固体系非线性性能的试验结果。采用PISA技术对M25级混凝土(150x150x300mm)共60个试件进行了直接拉拔准静荷载下的试验验证，试件采用12mm、16mm两种不同尺寸的钢筋锚固和5种不同配置的常规锚固体系。锚固结构由直杆(A1)、90度弯杆(A2)、180度挂钩(A3)、单头杆(A4)和双头杆(A5)组成。考虑的试验参数为粘结强度、延性、刚度和杆滑移，试验变量为锚固结构、钢筋尺寸和补筋的存在。通过ANSYS建模验证了所得结果。本研究得出结论，通过使用PISA技术，非线性参数如极限荷载(3-8%)，刚度(4%-17%)，延性(16%-52%)和混凝土贡献(6%-23%)有相当大的改善。
{"title":"Static Pullout Tests on Retrofitted Anchorage System in Concrete Using Supplementary Reinforcement","authors":"P. K, R. K","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental results of retrofitted anchorage system of structural concrete by using Post-Installation of Supplementary Anchorage (PISA) as a implicit strengthening measure and to improve the nonlinear performance of conventional anchorage system in hardened concrete. A total sixty specimens of M25 grade concrete (150x150x300mm) with two different size of rebar anchorage of 12mm, 16mm and five different configuration of conventional anchorage system was retrofitted by PISA technique is verified under direct tension pullout quasi static loads. The configuration of anchorage comprised by straight bar (A1), 90degree bend (A2), 180degree hook (A3), single head bar (A4) and double head bar (A5). The test parameters considered are bond strength, ductility, stiffness and bar-slip and test variables are configuration of anchorage, size of rebar and presence of supplementary steel. The obtained results validated by ANSYS modeling. This study concludes that a considerable improvement of nonlinear parameters such as ultimate load (3-8%), stiffness (4%-17%), ductility (16%-52%) and concrete contribution (6%-23%) by using PISA technique.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116837290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.003
E. Egbe, D. Ewa
Laterite-quarry dust cement block are masonry unit produce by full replacement of natural sand with appropriate mix of laterite and quarry dust. Static modulus of elasticity is an important parameter in predicting the structural behavior in service under load action and determines the deformations and displacements distribution concrete and similar other structural members like blocks. In this work, a mathematical model is formulated using Mixture experiment for predicting the static modulus of elasticity of laterite-quarry dust block. The model is tested for lack of fit and found adequate.
{"title":"Mixture Experiment Model for Predicting Static Modulus of Elasticity of Laterite-Quarry Dust Cement Block","authors":"E. Egbe, D. Ewa","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Laterite-quarry dust cement block are masonry unit produce by full replacement of natural sand with appropriate mix of laterite and quarry dust. Static modulus of elasticity is an important parameter in predicting the structural behavior in service under load action and determines the deformations and displacements distribution concrete and similar other structural members like blocks. In this work, a mathematical model is formulated using Mixture experiment for predicting the static modulus of elasticity of laterite-quarry dust block. The model is tested for lack of fit and found adequate.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.001
Nwaobakata Chukwuemeka, Amadise S. Ogboin, C. Kennedy
The study investigated the performance of Costus lateriflorus bagasse ash and cement composite for stabilization of Laterite and clay soils from Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria. The soil samples were prepared and tested for variations in maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized laterite and clay soils decreased with increasing percentage of the bagasse ash composite, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were increased with the proportion of bagasse ash. This study establishes that an appropriate proportion of bagasse ash content in soil stabilization would enhance the properties of soil suitable for pavement and road construction. Comparatively, bagasse ash performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil at optimum proportion of 0.75% and 7.5% cement composition.
研究了红木甘蔗渣灰与水泥复合材料对尼日利亚河流州Ahoada West LGA Ubeta-Ula-Ubie公路红土和粘土的稳定性能。制备土样，对稳定红土和粘土的最大干密度(MDD)、最佳含水率(OMC)、稠度极限、加州承载比(CBR)和无侧限抗压强度(UCS)、最大干密度(MDD)、液限(LL)和塑性指数(PI)的变化规律进行了测试，研究了稳定红土和粘土的最大干密度(MDD)、最大液限(LL)和塑性指数(PI)的变化规律。随着蔗渣灰掺量的增加，塑料的塑性极限(PL)和无侧限抗压强度(UCS)均有所提高。研究表明，适当比例的甘蔗渣灰分在土壤稳定中可以提高适合路面和道路建设的土壤的性能。相比之下，甘蔗渣灰在红土中表现较好，水泥掺量分别为0.75%和7.5%。
{"title":"Performance of Costus Lateriflorus Bagasse Ash and Cement as Stabilization Materials for Soil in Road Construction","authors":"Nwaobakata Chukwuemeka, Amadise S. Ogboin, C. Kennedy","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the performance of Costus lateriflorus bagasse ash and cement composite for stabilization of Laterite and clay soils from Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria. The soil samples were prepared and tested for variations in maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized laterite and clay soils decreased with increasing percentage of the bagasse ash composite, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were increased with the proportion of bagasse ash. This study establishes that an appropriate proportion of bagasse ash content in soil stabilization would enhance the properties of soil suitable for pavement and road construction. Comparatively, bagasse ash performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil at optimum proportion of 0.75% and 7.5% cement composition.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132520032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.002
Ezeagu Ca, Ezema Nm
This study evaluated failure rates of roads maintained by FERMA in Delta state and its effects. The three roads investigated are: Benin-Asaba dual carriage way (266km), Warri-Sapele-Benin dual carriage way and Asaba -Allah-Ebu Edo state border road(47km). Road condition survey was carried out on the three roads to ascertain the extent of deterioration. Sieve analysis, liquid limit, compaction and CBR tests were conducted on the material used for the maintenance works for quality control purpose. Liquid limit, optimum moisture content, unsoaked CBR values were 21%, 8.5% and 117% respectively. These were observed to be within the FMW highway manual guidelines. It was observed that beyond 12months, Benin-Asaba and Warri-Benin roads experienced 2% and 5% failure rates while Asaba-Illah recorded 30% failure rate within a 12month period. These failures were attributed to heavy traffic with heavy duty wheel. Challenges of road maintenance in the field and remedial measures for highway maintenance is also discussed. The authors recommend that FERMA should seek redress and go back to the establishing blue print for operations and funding and also refers to Federal Roads Authority bill (2015) for backups. These tools have been provided to equip the agency to carry out her mandate effectively keeping the road infrastructures in good condition.
{"title":"Deterioration and Failure Rates of Maintained Roads in Nigeria","authors":"Ezeagu Ca, Ezema Nm","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated failure rates of roads maintained by FERMA in Delta state and its effects. The three roads investigated are: Benin-Asaba dual carriage way (266km), Warri-Sapele-Benin dual carriage way and Asaba -Allah-Ebu Edo state border road(47km). Road condition survey was carried out on the three roads to ascertain the extent of deterioration. Sieve analysis, liquid limit, compaction and CBR tests were conducted on the material used for the maintenance works for quality control purpose. Liquid limit, optimum moisture content, unsoaked CBR values were 21%, 8.5% and 117% respectively. These were observed to be within the FMW highway manual guidelines. It was observed that beyond 12months, Benin-Asaba and Warri-Benin roads experienced 2% and 5% failure rates while Asaba-Illah recorded 30% failure rate within a 12month period. These failures were attributed to heavy traffic with heavy duty wheel. Challenges of road maintenance in the field and remedial measures for highway maintenance is also discussed. The authors recommend that FERMA should seek redress and go back to the establishing blue print for operations and funding and also refers to Federal Roads Authority bill (2015) for backups. These tools have been provided to equip the agency to carry out her mandate effectively keeping the road infrastructures in good condition.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130143471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.002
Sagar Kharel, K. Basnet
Daily, seasonable and annual variation on precipitation should be carried out properly to enhance the better relaxation caused by damaging drain structure, hydraulic parameters and even climatic disorder. In order to incorporate all these needs and to enhance the existing research theories and even on developing new theories, this study will surely provide basic framework. The problems for the researcher as well as meteorological department for the further study of climatic change action and to provide basic knowledge to the farmer and agricultural department to yield seasonal wise crops without consideration of hydrological analysis (i.e. precipitation data) associates problems like flood risk and drought causing loss of lives and property. For the hydrological study, daily and monthly rainfall data was obtained from meteorological station from the year 1991-2020. The monthly and daily precipitation concentration were determined using Time series analysis, single mass curve analysis, coefficient of variation and spatial analysis and were represented using Histogram chart, Spreadsheet and GIS tool. With this, daily, monthly, seasonal wise variation on precipitation with respect to location wise (Spatial) as well as Time wise (Temporal) was obtained. The temporal characteristic shows that peak month of rainfall were July and August for all the regions. Considering Total Annual, the maximum value is at Beni Bazar i.e. more than 200000mm and least in the Ranipauwa i.e less than 10000mm. The mean annual rainfall of 30 years indicating that the Beni Bazar, Myagdi region has the highest rainfall and Ranipauwa, Mustang the least. Similarly, trend analysis shows that there are increasing (+ve), decreasing (-ve) and somewhat constant trends for the different stations. Furthermore, results from variability and reliability data shows that that Ranipauwa has the highest annual variability (138.86%) and Lumle has the least annual variability (15%) in which in turn implies that the rainfall at Lumle is more reliable than other areas. The computed Spatial and Temporal variation on rainfall has been developed as a basic tool for further research. It will also help farmers to know seasonal wise crops production as well as analysis of storm water for the construction of drainage system. These findings can be considered for monitoring extreme weather events like; erosion and floods. This would therefore contribute significantly to the effective management and sustainable development of the Gandaki Province and region having similar topographical features, which are rain dependent.
{"title":"Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variation in Gandaki Province, Nepal","authors":"Sagar Kharel, K. Basnet","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Daily, seasonable and annual variation on precipitation should be carried out properly to enhance the better relaxation caused by damaging drain structure, hydraulic parameters and even climatic disorder. In order to incorporate all these needs and to enhance the existing research theories and even on developing new theories, this study will surely provide basic framework. The problems for the researcher as well as meteorological department for the further study of climatic change action and to provide basic knowledge to the farmer and agricultural department to yield seasonal wise crops without consideration of hydrological analysis (i.e. precipitation data) associates problems like flood risk and drought causing loss of lives and property. For the hydrological study, daily and monthly rainfall data was obtained from meteorological station from the year 1991-2020. The monthly and daily precipitation concentration were determined using Time series analysis, single mass curve analysis, coefficient of variation and spatial analysis and were represented using Histogram chart, Spreadsheet and GIS tool. With this, daily, monthly, seasonal wise variation on precipitation with respect to location wise (Spatial) as well as Time wise (Temporal) was obtained. The temporal characteristic shows that peak month of rainfall were July and August for all the regions. Considering Total Annual, the maximum value is at Beni Bazar i.e. more than 200000mm and least in the Ranipauwa i.e less than 10000mm. The mean annual rainfall of 30 years indicating that the Beni Bazar, Myagdi region has the highest rainfall and Ranipauwa, Mustang the least. Similarly, trend analysis shows that there are increasing (+ve), decreasing (-ve) and somewhat constant trends for the different stations. Furthermore, results from variability and reliability data shows that that Ranipauwa has the highest annual variability (138.86%) and Lumle has the least annual variability (15%) in which in turn implies that the rainfall at Lumle is more reliable than other areas. The computed Spatial and Temporal variation on rainfall has been developed as a basic tool for further research. It will also help farmers to know seasonal wise crops production as well as analysis of storm water for the construction of drainage system. These findings can be considered for monitoring extreme weather events like; erosion and floods. This would therefore contribute significantly to the effective management and sustainable development of the Gandaki Province and region having similar topographical features, which are rain dependent.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121238013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.001
P. K, R. K
This study aims to evaluate the strength and performance of retrofitted anchorage system in concrete under impact loads. A novel technique called “Post Installation of Supplementary Anchorage” (PISA) is introduced to retrofit five different configurations of rebar anchorage system used in concrete. The configurations of rebar are straight bar (A1), 90 degree bend (A2),180 degree hook (A3), single head (A4) and double head (A5) bars which was retrofitted by supplementary steel reinforcement. Direct tension pullout loads are applied on 60 anchorage specimens (each 30 of conventional and retrofitted) casted with M25 grade concrete. The boundaries of tested specimens were followed by strut-and-tie analogy. The rebar anchorage tested at 1.58, 1.52 impact factor using two different bars of 12mm and 16mm diameter respectively. The deterministic characteristics of test parameters are normal strength, bond strength, ductility, and slip of anchorage at ultimate load. The test variables are rebar configuration, size of anchored bar, and presence of supplementary steel. The results validated by nonlinear finite element based ANSYS modeling. A good agreement of results between experiment and model analysis was observed. Also a considerable improvement of nonlinear characteristics of retrofitted anchorage such as ultimate load (3%-6%), bond strength (1%-6%), ductility (3%-4%), concrete contribution (20%-32%), bar slip (8%-48%) and crack width (30%-42%) was obtained. This study promotes useful information to retrofit non-engineered anchorage system by PISA technique. Application of this technique may further extended to retrofit discrete regions of concrete elements such as bracket connection, corbel projection and beam-column joint subjected to impact loads.
{"title":"Experiment Program on Retrofitted Anchorage System under Impact Loads","authors":"P. K, R. K","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the strength and performance of retrofitted anchorage system in concrete under impact loads. A novel technique called “Post Installation of Supplementary Anchorage” (PISA) is introduced to retrofit five different configurations of rebar anchorage system used in concrete. The configurations of rebar are straight bar (A1), 90 degree bend (A2),180 degree hook (A3), single head (A4) and double head (A5) bars which was retrofitted by supplementary steel reinforcement. Direct tension pullout loads are applied on 60 anchorage specimens (each 30 of conventional and retrofitted) casted with M25 grade concrete. The boundaries of tested specimens were followed by strut-and-tie analogy. The rebar anchorage tested at 1.58, 1.52 impact factor using two different bars of 12mm and 16mm diameter respectively. The deterministic characteristics of test parameters are normal strength, bond strength, ductility, and slip of anchorage at ultimate load. The test variables are rebar configuration, size of anchored bar, and presence of supplementary steel. The results validated by nonlinear finite element based ANSYS modeling. A good agreement of results between experiment and model analysis was observed. Also a considerable improvement of nonlinear characteristics of retrofitted anchorage such as ultimate load (3%-6%), bond strength (1%-6%), ductility (3%-4%), concrete contribution (20%-32%), bar slip (8%-48%) and crack width (30%-42%) was obtained. This study promotes useful information to retrofit non-engineered anchorage system by PISA technique. Application of this technique may further extended to retrofit discrete regions of concrete elements such as bracket connection, corbel projection and beam-column joint subjected to impact loads.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132020049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i02.002
Mohd. Umair, T. Wani
World is constructing at a quicker pace in all dimension of innovation. The parameters, which decide the improvement has changed lots in the ongoing, past and will continue changing in future as well. Which is required adequate planning and it comes from the all intersection. However due to quick scaling work environment, organizations generally prefer to do the task in ever quicker and less expensive correspondence that disintegrates physical and group boundaries both inside nations and universally owing to short cuts in planning, more noteworthy accessibility and simpler access to statistics, and the further opening up of worldwide markets are the arrangement of reactant supremacies that is quickening the speed of social change all through the world. Activity postponements are typical an issue in the construction trade and can expand task calendars and their expenses. Ongoing examinations endeavors have concentrated on the quantitative assessment of defer impacts. Writing proposes that the development business needs extra research to deliberately relate the reasons for postponements to their effects. A customary development technique has demonstrated to be insufficient in accomplishing this objective. Mechanization and parallel working has been key mantras of heedless way development. Neglectful way the exercises without early arranging will bring about real slips by and re-working in a large portion of the cases. Innovation, association, data, instruction and beneficial abilities will, along these lines, assume a basically unequivocal job in overseeing the future course of advancement. This paper manages 360 Degree development studies, which is the need of great importance in development. Development/construction as one of the top most businesses experiences trademark changes in conveying the range as quick as conceivable which would bring about better returns. 3600 Planning is the vital key of the development business. This thought won't just affect amount anyway it additionally sway on quality parameters. Human instinct likes to concentrate on one arrangement. An alternate course of action probably won't get the consideration it needs since individuals are exclusively put resources into the grounds activity. Barely work with “Plan A" to be a fruitful and feel investing an excess of energy in a "Plan B" could conceivably undermine that achievement (Myth). As a matter of fact planning isn’t a word per se although it’s a farrago mechanism, which demands time, keenness and endorsement and interchange of dialogue so on and so forth.
{"title":"360 Degree Planning in Construction Industry with Plan of Exigency","authors":"Mohd. Umair, T. Wani","doi":"10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"World is constructing at a quicker pace in all dimension of innovation. The parameters, which decide the improvement has changed lots in the ongoing, past and will continue changing in future as well. Which is required adequate planning and it comes from the all intersection. However due to quick scaling work environment, organizations generally prefer to do the task in ever quicker and less expensive correspondence that disintegrates physical and group boundaries both inside nations and universally owing to short cuts in planning, more noteworthy accessibility and simpler access to statistics, and the further opening up of worldwide markets are the arrangement of reactant supremacies that is quickening the speed of social change all through the world. Activity postponements are typical an issue in the construction trade and can expand task calendars and their expenses. Ongoing examinations endeavors have concentrated on the quantitative assessment of defer impacts. Writing proposes that the development business needs extra research to deliberately relate the reasons for postponements to their effects. A customary development technique has demonstrated to be insufficient in accomplishing this objective. Mechanization and parallel working has been key mantras of heedless way development. Neglectful way the exercises without early arranging will bring about real slips by and re-working in a large portion of the cases. Innovation, association, data, instruction and beneficial abilities will, along these lines, assume a basically unequivocal job in overseeing the future course of advancement. This paper manages 360 Degree development studies, which is the need of great importance in development. Development/construction as one of the top most businesses experiences trademark changes in conveying the range as quick as conceivable which would bring about better returns. 3600 Planning is the vital key of the development business. This thought won't just affect amount anyway it additionally sway on quality parameters. Human instinct likes to concentrate on one arrangement. An alternate course of action probably won't get the consideration it needs since individuals are exclusively put resources into the grounds activity. Barely work with “Plan A\" to be a fruitful and feel investing an excess of energy in a \"Plan B\" could conceivably undermine that achievement (Myth). As a matter of fact planning isn’t a word per se although it’s a farrago mechanism, which demands time, keenness and endorsement and interchange of dialogue so on and so forth.","PeriodicalId":437137,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-26DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i02.001
John TrustGod A, Ebieride Ebiowei, Osoru Gordin T
An increase in demand for concrete to meet global needs has been accompanied by an increase in global concerns due to an increase in demand for the non-renewable resources that are and comprise the constituents of concrete. To address these concerns and mitigate the impact of their depletion, researchers have investigated the intrinsic properties of a wide range of available materials and assessed their contribution when mixed with concrete. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study that was carried out to assess the structural response of concrete beams made with river gravel as coarse aggregate. Six reinforced beams (100 x 150 x 1100 mm) and six cubes were cast to investigate the specimens' flexural and compressive behavior. The failure modes, bending, and shear capacity were investigated in this study. According to the findings of the study, river gravel used as coarse aggregate in concrete has a roughly equivalent or slightly lower structural performance than conventional coarse aggregate, indicating the feasibility of river gravel as coarse aggregate for building construction.
在满足全球需求的混凝土需求增加的同时，由于对构成混凝土成分的不可再生资源的需求增加，全球关注也随之增加。为了解决这些问题并减轻其耗竭的影响，研究人员调查了各种可用材料的内在特性，并评估了它们与混凝土混合时的贡献。本文介绍了一项试验研究的结果，该试验研究是为了评估用河砾石作为粗集料制成的混凝土梁的结构响应。6根钢筋梁(100 x 150 x 1100 mm)和6个立方体被浇铸以研究试件的弯曲和压缩行为。在本研究中研究了破坏模式，弯曲和剪切能力。研究结果表明，河卵石作为粗骨料用于混凝土的结构性能与常规粗骨料大致相当或略低，表明河卵石作为粗骨料用于建筑施工的可行性。
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