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Sketches on the creative portrait of the composer A. B. Mulear 作曲家a·b·穆里尔的创作肖像草图
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.15
Daniela Trocinel
This article attempts to present sketches of the compositional creativity of Alexandr Boris Mulear (1922–1994), who is one of the most important figures of the music culture in the Republic of Moldova and belongs to the older generation of composers, as his glory years were between 1950 and 1980. The composer’s record contains a valuable artistic heritage that is appreciated by performers but the study of his works is not in the center of interest of musicologists yet. However, the article will present some examples of the Mulearian creativity. Analyzing the composition portfolio of A. Mulear, the author shows that chamber works predominate for the most part in his creativity, including suites, quartets, sonatas, miniatures and musical pieces, with a wide range of instrumental groups: from the duo (violin and piano, piano and voice) to the symphony orchestra. In conclusion, it is noted that the composer manifested himself in an original way in chamber music, which is more innovative and bright and reveals diverse forms of classical music in terms of style and genre.
亚历山大·鲍里斯·穆利尔(1922-1994)是摩尔多瓦共和国音乐文化中最重要的人物之一,属于老一代作曲家,他的辉煌时期在1950年至1980年之间。本文试图介绍亚历山大·鲍里斯·穆利尔(1922-1994)的创作创作概况。这位作曲家的唱片中包含着表演者们所欣赏的宝贵的艺术遗产,但对他的作品的研究还不是音乐学家们感兴趣的中心。然而,这篇文章将展示一些关于千年创造力的例子。通过对a. Mulear的作品集的分析,作者发现他的创作中室内乐作品占据了绝大部分,包括组曲、四重奏、奏鸣曲、微缩曲和音乐作品,从二重奏(小提琴和钢琴,钢琴和人声)到交响乐团,乐器组合非常广泛。综上所述,作者在室内乐中以一种原创的方式展现了自己,室内乐更具创新性和明快性,在风格和体裁上展现了古典音乐的多种形式。
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引用次数: 0
Bookplates from the archives of the National Library of Romania and the National Library of the Republic of Moldova: some profiles from the big collections 罗马尼亚国家图书馆和摩尔多瓦共和国国家图书馆档案中的书板:一些来自大收藏的简介
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.06
V. Kravcenko
The paper is focused on the bookplates in original and in reproductions kept in the large collections of the Romanian cultural space. Data on the stylistic elements of the signs of possession from the old books and from the engraving and drawing collections are provided. Important data is offered on the ex-libris types, on the creative traditions and rules of making, on the origin of the signed books and of the artworks made in Romania, Republic of Moldova and other states in different years. Also, there are highlighted original bookplates made by Leonid Nikitin and Valeriu Herţa, the well-known artists and engravers of the Republic of Moldova. The author has described and analyzed graphic works, stressing their technical and decorative account, and evidencing common features of bookplates – general somber appearance, free and also refined grotesque drawing, sophisticated play with the text and images.
本文的重点是保存在罗马尼亚文化空间的大量收藏的原始和复制品的书版。提供了来自旧书和雕刻和绘画收藏的有关拥有标志的风格元素的数据。提供了关于图书馆前的类型、创作传统和制作规则、罗马尼亚、摩尔多瓦共和国和其他国家在不同年份制作的签名书和艺术品的来源的重要数据。此外,还有由摩尔多瓦共和国著名艺术家和雕刻家Leonid Nikitin和Valeriu Herţa制作的突出的原始书版。作者对图形作品进行了描述和分析,强调其技术性和装饰性,并证明了书版的共同特征-一般阴沉的外观,自由而又精致的奇形怪状的绘画,复杂的文字和图像游戏。
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引用次数: 0
Aspects of the history of the military band in the cultural area of the Republic of Moldova 摩尔多瓦共和国文化区军乐队历史的各个方面
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.03
O. Cazacu
The military marching band is an imposing but also prestigious artistic present in the national and international musical landscape. Having a rich and old tradition, it continues to play an important role in the cultural life, asserting itself as a mechanism for promoting national and universal musical heritage and as an effective means of ethical and aesthetic education of the military and the general public. Often, famous works from the universal repertoire are more easily assimilated by the average spectator through fanfares. In this article, we will refer to some aspects of the history of the phenomenon. After 1990, with the postponement of the independence of the Republic of Moldova, military structures, internal affairs bodies, institutions for training specialists in the field, such as the Police Academy, etc. are created. As a result, military band orchestras are established and invigorated. One of them, which enjoys success and shows high professionalism, is the Band Orchestra of the General Inspectorate of Carabineers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
军乐队在国内和国际音乐界是一种令人印象深刻但又享有盛誉的艺术表现。它有着丰富而古老的传统,在文化生活中继续发挥着重要作用,它是促进民族和世界音乐遗产的机制,也是军队和公众道德和审美教育的有效手段。通常情况下,普通观众更容易通过喇叭声吸收来自通用曲目的著名作品。在本文中,我们将参考这一现象历史的一些方面。1990年以后,随着摩尔多瓦共和国独立的推迟,建立了军事结构、内政机构、培训该领域专家的机构,例如警察学院等。因此,军乐团得以建立并活跃起来。其中一个取得成功并表现出高度专业性的乐团是内务部卡宾枪监察总局管弦乐队。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnopolitical views of Grigory Ivanovich Borisov (Stary)
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.26
Oleg Galusenco
Grigory Ivanovich Borisov, party alias Stary (Old) was born in the Bendery district of Bessarabia on December 9, 1880. He was forced to work from the age of seven. Since 1900, G. I. Stary took part in the revolutionary movement. For active participation in clandestine activities, he was repeatedly arrested by the police and served sentences in various prisons of tsarist Russia. G. I. Stary made a great contribution to the creation and development of the Moldovan ASSR. In 1924, he was appointed chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of the Autonomous Republic. Then G. I. Stary was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee. In 1926–1928 and 1932–1937, he worked as chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the MASSR. Contemporaries assessed his position on the issue of “Moldovans or Romanians” as ambivalent. G. I. Stary denied accusations of opposing the indigenous policy: “It is wrong that I am against Moldovanization. I only take into account the difficulties, and this is taken as resistance”. He was repressed in 1937 and rehabilitated in 1955. The article was written on the basis of materials from the Soviet secret police (NKVD) archive.
格里戈里·伊万诺维奇·鲍里索夫,党名Stary (Old), 1880年12月9日出生于比萨拉比亚的本德里区。他从七岁起就被迫劳动。自1900年以来,g.i.史泰里参加了革命运动。由于积极参加秘密活动,他多次被警察逮捕,并在沙俄的各个监狱服刑。G. I. Stary为摩尔多瓦ASSR的建立和发展做出了巨大贡献。1924年,他被任命为自治共和国临时革命委员会主席。接着,g.i.史泰里当选为中央执行委员会主席。1926年至1928年和1932年至1937年,他担任人民共和国人民委员会主席。同时代的人评价他在“摩尔多瓦人还是罗马尼亚人”问题上的立场是矛盾的。g.i. Stary否认了反对土著政策的指控:“我反对摩尔多瓦化是错误的。我只考虑到困难,这被视为阻力”。1937年被镇压,1955年平反。这篇文章是根据苏联秘密警察(NKVD)档案中的材料写成的。
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引用次数: 0
Dwelling in novellistic fairy tales and anecdotes of the Bulgarians of Moldova (ethnocultural features) 居住在摩尔多瓦保加利亚人的小说童话和轶事中(民族文化特征)
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.29
Nadejda Cara
The author analyzed the functional, symbolic, and semantic features of the traditional dwelling of the Bulgarians of the Republic of Moldova in fairy-tale folklore (novelistic tales and anecdotes). The types of dwellings and their constituent elements (internal and external) were considered as a part of the material; culture is reflected through subject realities as a component of ethnic culture in the human microcosm. The connection of dwelling with traditional values of the Bulgarians of the Republic of Moldova was also analyzed.
作者分析了童话民间传说(小说故事和轶事)中摩尔多瓦共和国保加利亚人传统住宅的功能、象征和语义特征。住宅类型及其构成要素(内部和外部)被视为材料的一部分;文化作为民族文化的一个组成部分,通过主体现实反映在人类的微观世界中。还分析了居住与摩尔多瓦共和国保加利亚人的传统价值之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of personal safety and human security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for the sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova in the European intercultural space 2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下的人身安全和人类保障对摩尔多瓦共和国在欧洲跨文化空间实现可持续发展的重要性
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.24
S. Sprincean
The European intercultural context, especially in the current pandemic, requires the acceleration of modernization of the system of ensuring human security and safety by re-conceptualizing the personal security of the individual, as well as the culture of security and safety. In this context, the concept of human security was developed in direct connection with the theory of the society at risk, in which special role is given to the security of the person. The Republic of Moldova (RM) interacts at institutional, normative, value, civilizational level with the European intercultural space in the format determined including by the Association Agreement of the RM with the EU, signed on June 27, 2014. The priorities of the Agreement are related to the specifics of the Moldovan society, to its modernization needs. Therefore, the sustainable development of the RM, as part of the European space, with new values and perspectives determines a revaluation of the individual’s primary needs, including the need for personal safety and security and for an easier intercultural dialogue in a European intercultural space meant to become a stronghold of harmony, security, development and prosperity.
欧洲的跨文化背景,特别是在当前的大流行病背景下,要求通过重新定义个人的人身安全以及安全与安全文化的概念,加速确保人类安全和安全制度的现代化。在这方面,人类安全的概念是与处于危险中的社会理论直接联系起来发展起来的,在这个理论中,人的安全被赋予了特殊的作用。摩尔多瓦共和国(RM)在制度、规范、价值和文明层面与欧洲跨文化空间进行互动,其形式包括2014年6月27日签署的摩尔多瓦与欧盟的联合协议。《协定》的优先事项与摩尔多瓦社会的具体情况及其现代化需要有关。因此,RM的可持续发展,作为欧洲空间的一部分,具有新的价值观和观点,决定了对个人基本需求的重新评估,包括对个人安全和保障的需求,以及在欧洲跨文化空间中更容易进行跨文化对话,这意味着成为和谐,安全,发展和繁荣的据点。
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引用次数: 0
The prenatal period and related prohibitions and prescriptions among the Old Believers of the Republic of Moldova 摩尔多瓦共和国老信徒的产前期和有关的禁令和处方
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.27
Tatiana Zaicovscaia
The author presents some results of her research of the indicated period, which was carried out on the basis of a specially compiled questionnaire in places of compact residence of Lipovans in such villages as Kunicha, Egorovka, etc., as well as in the city of Chisinau. There are a number of preventive actions and prohibitions aimed at ensuring the health and strength of the woman in labor and her baby. Often they are based on common sense, on pragmatics, but not always the informants could explain the reasons for certain prohibitions. A pregnant woman was prohibited from doing, for example, the following actions: sewing; stepping over a long (wire, rope) or sharp object; contacting with animal hair (dogs, cats, etc.); touching her own body when frightened (for example, during a fire); looking at the deceased through the window, etc. According to the testimony of informants, much attention was paid to protecting the woman in labor from the „evil eye”. And if this happened, then they were treated with prayers and herbs. There were also signs by which they tried to guess the sex of the unborn child. Before giving birth, a woman usually confesses to her spiritual father.
作者介绍了她在指定时期的一些研究结果,这些研究是根据在库尼察、叶戈罗夫卡等村庄以及基希讷乌市的利波万人密集居住地特别编制的调查问卷进行的。有一些预防行动和禁令旨在确保产妇及其婴儿的健康和体力。它们通常是基于常识,基于语用学,但并不总是举报人能够解释某些禁令的原因。例如,孕妇被禁止从事下列活动:缝纫;跨过长(线、绳)或尖锐的物体;接触动物毛发(狗、猫等);受到惊吓时抚摸自己的身体(例如,在火灾中);透过窗户看死者等等。根据举报人的证词,他们非常注意保护分娩中的妇女免受“邪恶之眼”的伤害。如果发生了这种情况,他们就会得到祈祷和草药的治疗。还有一些迹象表明,他们试图猜测未出生孩子的性别。在生孩子之前,女人通常会向她的精神父亲忏悔。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge about the gypsy/roma communities in Bulgaria, presented by visual anthropology 关于保加利亚吉普赛人/罗姆人社区的知识,由视觉人类学呈现
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.28
Евгения Иванова, Велчо Крыстев
The Gypsy/Roma ethnic group has lived in the Balkans for centuries. Gypsies/ Roma turn out to be bearers of a traditional cultural heritage that has long been forgotten by those around them. In our presentation, we look at how authentic knowledge of the Gypsy/Roma community can be the subject of public presentation in museums through the techniques of visual anthropology. Our thesis is that for those studying the Gypsy/Roma ethnic group, which has no writing and written history, visual anthropology is of particular importance as a primary source of knowledge, as a testimony of time. The photos, images, video recording preserve, show and transmit the material culture, traditions and way of life of the different Gypsies/Roma groups, which, together with the common, have very specific group and regional differences. We also ask the question – the historical knowledge about the community created up to which historical moment is authentic, as the culture of the Gypsies/Roma is not static in time, but is influenced by modern forms, typical for today’s global world.
吉普赛人/罗姆人已经在巴尔干地区生活了几个世纪。吉卜赛人/罗姆人是一种传统文化遗产的承担者,而这种传统文化遗产早已被周围的人遗忘。在我们的演讲中,我们着眼于吉普赛人/罗姆人社区的真实知识如何通过视觉人类学的技术成为博物馆公开展示的主题。我们的论点是,对于那些研究吉普赛/罗姆民族的人来说,他们没有文字和文字历史,视觉人类学作为知识的主要来源,作为时间的见证,是特别重要的。照片、图像、录像保存、展示和传播了不同吉卜赛人/罗姆人群体的物质文化、传统和生活方式,这些群体与共性一起具有非常具体的群体和区域差异。我们还提出这样一个问题——关于在哪个历史时刻所建立的社区的历史知识是真实的,因为吉普赛人/罗姆人的文化在时间上不是静止的,而是受到现代形式的影响,这是当今全球世界的典型特征。
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引用次数: 0
The historical-biographical film: destinies and personalities 历史传记电影:命运与个性
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.10
Dumitru Olărescu
The history of national cinema shows that the evolution of non-fiction biographical film began with subjects dedicated to prominent personalities. These were included in the film magazine “Soviet Moldova” and in the almanac “Life in pictures”. In 1961, the first historical-biographical film “The Legendary Brigade Commander”- a eulogy to Grigore Kotovski (director A. Litvin) appeared at the “Moldova-film” studio, followed by other films dedicated to the heroes of the times: Pavel Tkacenko, Elena Sârbu, Tamara Cruciok, which were dominated by a pronounced propagandistic character. A new level of national historical-biographical film can be noticed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the filmmakers: Emil Loteanu (“Academician Tarasevici”), Andrei Buruiană (“Ştefan Neaga”), Vlad Druc (“Ion Creangă”) made their debut. Yet, the idea of biography especially predominates in the creation of Anatol Codru, who played a significant role in the affirmation stage of this kind of nonfiction film, bringing through his films, “Alexandru Plămădeală”, “Alexei Şciusev”, “Dimitrie Cantemir”,”Vasile Alecsandri” a new breath in the context of the films made before him. He imposed himself through a poetic-philosophical vision on the destinies and the creation of the personalities, who contributed to the spiritual prosperity of the nation.
民族电影史表明,非虚构传记电影的演变始于以杰出人物为主题的电影。这些照片被收录在电影杂志《苏维埃摩尔多瓦》和年鉴《照片中的生活》中。1961年,第一部历史传记电影《传奇旅长》——歌颂格里戈尔·科托夫斯基(导演a .利特文)的电影在“摩尔多瓦电影”工作室上映,随后还有其他一些关于时代英雄的电影:帕维尔·特卡琴科、埃琳娜·斯布、塔玛拉·克鲁索克,这些电影主要由一个明显的宣传角色主导。在20世纪60年代末和70年代初,可以注意到国家历史传记电影的一个新水平,当时的制片人:埃米尔·洛特亚努(“院士塔拉塞维奇”),安德烈·布鲁亚努(“Ştefan内加”),弗拉德·德鲁奇(“Ion creangei”)首次亮相。然而,传记思想在阿纳托尔·科德鲁的创作中尤其占据主导地位,他在这种非虚构电影的肯定阶段发挥了重要作用,通过他的电影,“亚历山大·普雷切尔·穆里切尔”,“阿列克谢Şciusev”,“迪米特里·坎特米尔”,“瓦西里·亚历山德里”在他之前的电影背景下带来了新的气息。他以诗学的眼光看待命运和人物的创造,为国家的精神繁荣做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Ion Creanga’s personality: between document and fiction Ion Creanga的个性:介于文件和小说之间
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.52603/9789975351379.13
Violeta Tipa
Ion Creangă’s personality challenged the filmmakers on both banks of the Prut to create films in which to bring the famous storyteller back to the big screen. And if the genre of fiction film allows itself an artistic approach, with deviations and directorial inventions, then the non-fiction film is based on the document, drawing the true nature of the writer. In this context, there are a series of films, which aim to follow various aspects of the writer’s life, such as: Creangă (1973, directed by Vlad Druc), Creangă si Junimea (1989, directed by Ioana Holban), Ion Creanga’s God (1996, directed by Grid Modorcea), Ion Creangă (1999, directed by Anatol Codru) and others. But even these films are largely influenced by the writer’s work oscillating between document and fiction. We will refer to the films Ion Creangă’s God and Ion Creangă and analyze them from the perspective of that amalgam of events taken from the masterpiece of the writer Childhood Memories that form a common body with the rich iconographic material (photos, books, documents, archive documents, etc.) and biographical data, which being incorporated into a whole, give a special charm to the life of the writer.
伊昂·克里昂居的个性向普鲁特河两岸的电影人提出了挑战,要求他们制作电影,把这位著名的说书人搬上大银幕。如果虚构电影这一类型允许自己有一种艺术方法,有一些偏差和导演的发明,那么非虚构电影就是基于文献,描绘作家的真实本性。在这种背景下,有一系列的电影,其目的是遵循作家的生活的各个方面,如:creangi(1973年,导演弗拉德·德鲁克),creangi si Junimea(1989年,导演Ioana Holban), Ion Creanga的上帝(1996年,导演格丽德·莫德切),Ion creangi(1999年,导演阿纳托尔·科德鲁)等。但即使是这些电影,也很大程度上受到了作者在纪实和虚构之间摇摆的作品的影响。我们将以电影《Ion creangu’s God》和《Ion creangu》为例,从作家的代表作《童年记忆》中的事件与丰富的图像材料(照片、书籍、文献、档案文件等)和传记资料构成一个整体的角度来分析,这些材料结合在一起,给作家的生活增添了一种特殊的魅力。
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引用次数: 0
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