While there are typically plenty of estimates of structural unemployment rate for an economy as a whole, the analysis of this phenomenon at the regional level is rather sparse. Of course, the task is quite different as the concept of structural unemployment as an image of the medium-run or long-run equilibrium of the economy does not need to hold at a regional level. This paper proposes an econometrical approach based on the search theory of the labor market. The generalized method of moments is employed to estimate the so-called stationarized unemployment rates in the fourteen regions of the Czech economy. By comparing the estimates and actually observed levels of unemployment rates, the effects of economic upswings and recessions after the year 2000 may be analyzed. Indeed, from the regional perspective the economic impacts differ substantially in certain periods of time.
{"title":"Estimates of structural unemployment rates at a regional level: example of the Czech economy","authors":"V. Pošta","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.66","url":null,"abstract":"While there are typically plenty of estimates of structural unemployment rate for an economy as a whole, the analysis of this phenomenon at the regional level is rather sparse. Of course, the task is quite different as the concept of structural unemployment as an image of the medium-run or long-run equilibrium of the economy does not need to hold at a regional level. This paper proposes an econometrical approach based on the search theory of the labor market. The generalized method of moments is employed to estimate the so-called stationarized unemployment rates in the fourteen regions of the Czech economy. By comparing the estimates and actually observed levels of unemployment rates, the effects of economic upswings and recessions after the year 2000 may be analyzed. Indeed, from the regional perspective the economic impacts differ substantially in certain periods of time.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odunayo Magret Olarewaju, G. W. Akinola, Verna Yearwood
This study explores the relationship amongst financial development, remittances and the economic growth of South Africa using quarterly data spanning the period 1995Q01 to 2015Q04. The study used Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) techniques for the unit root test and the variables were found to be stationary at level and at first difference. Findings from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration revealed that a long-run relationship exists amongst these variables. Also, the Error Correction Model (ECM) showed that it required a 36% quarterly speed for maladjustment in the model to return equilibrium. This study concluded that the financial development sector should be improved to engender sufficient and adequate performance that would led to an effective impact of a long-run GDP growth. An increase in the gross capital formation that could lead to a long-run decrease in GDP growth should be avoided. Policy makers should formulate policies that could improve financial development in order to enhance the country’s economy to reap the potential gain of remittance which could enhance economic growth.
{"title":"Do financial development and personal remittances matter in South African economic growth? A bound testing investigation","authors":"Odunayo Magret Olarewaju, G. W. Akinola, Verna Yearwood","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.287240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.287240","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship amongst financial development, remittances and the economic growth of South Africa using quarterly data spanning the period 1995Q01 to 2015Q04. The study used Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) techniques for the unit root test and the variables were found to be stationary at level and at first difference. Findings from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration revealed that a long-run relationship exists amongst these variables. Also, the Error Correction Model (ECM) showed that it required a 36% quarterly speed for maladjustment in the model to return equilibrium. This study concluded that the financial development sector should be improved to engender sufficient and adequate performance that would led to an effective impact of a long-run GDP growth. An increase in the gross capital formation that could lead to a long-run decrease in GDP growth should be avoided. Policy makers should formulate policies that could improve financial development in order to enhance the country’s economy to reap the potential gain of remittance which could enhance economic growth.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44329530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unlike conventional banks' interest payment on deposits, Islamic banks do not pay interest to depositors. What they pay to depositors is called the rate of return to depositors. Does the rate of return of Islamic banks on deposits follow conventional banks' interest rates? This paper empirically investigates the relationship of causality and the causal direction between conventional banks' interest rate and Islamic banks' return applying VEC model. The results of the VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of bidirectional causality between Islamic banks' rate of return and conventional banks' interest. The pairwise Granger causality also confirms the same results. This suggests that Islamic banks' rate of return and the conventional banks' interest rate are not independent of each other rather they follow each other in the Bahrain financial market.
{"title":"Is there any causality between Islamic banks’ return on depositors and conventional banks’ deposit interest: Evidence of causality from Bahrain’s financial market","authors":"A. Samad","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.61","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike conventional banks' interest payment on deposits, Islamic banks do not pay interest to depositors. What they pay to depositors is called the rate of return to depositors. Does the rate of return of Islamic banks on deposits follow conventional banks' interest rates? This paper empirically investigates the relationship of causality and the causal direction between conventional banks' interest rate and Islamic banks' return applying VEC model. The results of the VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of bidirectional causality between Islamic banks' rate of return and conventional banks' interest. The pairwise Granger causality also confirms the same results. This suggests that Islamic banks' rate of return and the conventional banks' interest rate are not independent of each other rather they follow each other in the Bahrain financial market.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48453654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though the ideology of efficiency has been investigated for many centuries, still it has not gained a clear definition and interpretation either in the scientific literature, or in the practice of corporate governance. This paper seeks to examine the mainstream theories of corporate governance in an attempt to suggest that efficient corporate governance has no logical claim to "objectivity" and it does not always contribute to trust-building. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideology of efficiency, both with respond to its inconsistency and incoherence within trust-building corporate governance. The results suggest that efficiency is ideological and political concept that fails in repairing the breach of trust-building corporate governance. The efficiency as a new ideology of trust-building corporate governance promises to advance our understanding of corporate purpose beyond the old "shareholders-versus-stakeholders" and "shareholders-versus-society" debates.
{"title":"Efficiency as a new ideology of trust-building corporate governance","authors":"M. Brychko, A. Semenog","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.62","url":null,"abstract":"Though the ideology of efficiency has been investigated for many centuries, still it has not gained a clear definition and interpretation either in the scientific literature, or in the practice of corporate governance. This paper seeks to examine the mainstream theories of corporate governance in an attempt to suggest that efficient corporate governance has no logical claim to \"objectivity\" and it does not always contribute to trust-building. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideology of efficiency, both with respond to its inconsistency and incoherence within trust-building corporate governance. The results suggest that efficiency is ideological and political concept that fails in repairing the breach of trust-building corporate governance. The efficiency as a new ideology of trust-building corporate governance promises to advance our understanding of corporate purpose beyond the old \"shareholders-versus-stakeholders\" and \"shareholders-versus-society\" debates.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Sylkin, A. Shtangret, O. Ogirko, Aleksander Melnikov
Today, engineering enterprises in Ukraine are experiencing poor development. The crisis development of many domestic engineering enterprises is reinforced by both internal and external factors, so it is critical to develop new methodologies to comprehensively estimate their level of financial security, thus serving as the information basis for the application of anti-crisis management. The objective of the study is to develop a model to assess the financial security of engineering enterprises. The subjects of the study are the activities of the top ten engineering enterprises in Ukraine for the period 2013-2017. The purpose of our research is to form a methodical approach to assess the financial security of engineering enterprises, which would become the basis for applying a certain type of anti-crisis management and encouragement in domestic engineering enterprises. The results of the study made it possible to form and implement a model to assess financial security, which will help to establish the need to apply anti-crisis management in an enterprise.
{"title":"Assessing the financial security of the engineering enterprises as preconditions of application of anti-crisis management: practical aspect","authors":"O. Sylkin, A. Shtangret, O. Ogirko, Aleksander Melnikov","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.63","url":null,"abstract":"Today, engineering enterprises in Ukraine are experiencing poor development. The crisis development of many domestic engineering enterprises is reinforced by both internal and external factors, so it is critical to develop new methodologies to comprehensively estimate their level of financial security, thus serving as the information basis for the application of anti-crisis management. The objective of the study is to develop a model to assess the financial security of engineering enterprises. The subjects of the study are the activities of the top ten engineering enterprises in Ukraine for the period 2013-2017. The purpose of our research is to form a methodical approach to assess the financial security of engineering enterprises, which would become the basis for applying a certain type of anti-crisis management and encouragement in domestic engineering enterprises. The results of the study made it possible to form and implement a model to assess financial security, which will help to establish the need to apply anti-crisis management in an enterprise.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67084451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asset misappropriation is a kind of fraud that may cause severe damages to the businesses. The internal control system is expected to provide a reasonable assurance for the management of the businesses in preventing and detecting frauds, including asset misappropriation. The study is conducted to examine the effect of internal control system on asset misappropriation in Vietnamese firms. Based on questionnaires collected from internal auditors, accountants and department managers in Vietnamese firms, the study assess the impact of COSO five internal control components on the popularity of asset misappropriation in the firms. The results show that of the five components, control environment presents the strongest impact, followed by control activities, information and communication in respective order. Determinants with the mildest impact are risk assessment and monitoring of control. Based on the findings, it is important that the management of the firms improve the internal controls to effectively reduce the chance of fraud in their firms.
{"title":"The effect of internal control on asset misappropriation: The case of Vietnam","authors":"M. Tran, Thi Thai Ha Le","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.64","url":null,"abstract":"Asset misappropriation is a kind of fraud that may cause severe damages to the businesses. The internal control system is expected to provide a reasonable assurance for the management of the businesses in preventing and detecting frauds, including asset misappropriation. The study is conducted to examine the effect of internal control system on asset misappropriation in Vietnamese firms. Based on questionnaires collected from internal auditors, accountants and department managers in Vietnamese firms, the study assess the impact of COSO five internal control components on the popularity of asset misappropriation in the firms. The results show that of the five components, control environment presents the strongest impact, followed by control activities, information and communication in respective order. Determinants with the mildest impact are risk assessment and monitoring of control. Based on the findings, it is important that the management of the firms improve the internal controls to effectively reduce the chance of fraud in their firms.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48032382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A country’s political stability and trends in economic growth are important factors to attract foreign investment. Most developing countries struggle to achieve political stability and high levels of growth. Due to these issues, developing countries attract limited foreign investment. Applying the Bounds test for cointegration, an ARDL model was utilized using time series data from 1995 to 2016, this study examined the potential impact of political risk and gross domestic product (GDP) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to the South Africa. Findings of the study revealed that in both short and long run, political risk and economic growth affect the level of foreign direct investment. The political risk rating was found to have a higher impact on FDI flow if compared to GDP. The lower the political risk level (resulting in a highly rated index), the higher the level of FDI inflows. Using the Granger causality approach, empirical results indicated a bi-directional causal relationship between FDI and economic growth, while it was found that political risk causes changes in FDI. In other words, individually, political risk and gross domestic product cause changes in FDI. Based on the study findings, it is imperative for the South African government to reduce the level of political risk in order to increase foreign investment into the country which, in return, could assist in economic growth and welfare.
{"title":"An analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), political risk and economic growth in South Africa","authors":"D. Meyer, T. Habanabakize","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.54","url":null,"abstract":"A country’s political stability and trends in economic growth are important factors to attract foreign investment. Most developing countries struggle to achieve political stability and high levels of growth. Due to these issues, developing countries attract limited foreign investment. Applying the Bounds test for cointegration, an ARDL model was utilized using time series data from 1995 to 2016, this study examined the potential impact of political risk and gross domestic product (GDP) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to the South Africa. Findings of the study revealed that in both short and long run, political risk and economic growth affect the level of foreign direct investment. The political risk rating was found to have a higher impact on FDI flow if compared to GDP. The lower the political risk level (resulting in a highly rated index), the higher the level of FDI inflows. Using the Granger causality approach, empirical results indicated a bi-directional causal relationship between FDI and economic growth, while it was found that political risk causes changes in FDI. In other words, individually, political risk and gross domestic product cause changes in FDI. Based on the study findings, it is imperative for the South African government to reduce the level of political risk in order to increase foreign investment into the country which, in return, could assist in economic growth and welfare.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nahla Samargandi, Sakinah Mohamed Tajularifin, E. Ghani, A. Aziz, A. Gunardi
This study examines whether disclosure practices and stakeholder management play an important role in influencing the zakat payers' trust in the zakat institutions in Malaysia. A regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between disclosure practices and stakeholder management of the zakat institutions on zakat payers' trust. Using questionnaire survey on 184 zakat payers, this study shows that the disclosure practices do influence the zakat payers' trust in the zakat institutions. However, it is revealed that stakeholder management does not influence the zakat payers' trust in zakat institutions. The findings in this study imply that the zakat institutions should focus on the transparency of disclosure practices. The findings in this research could assist the zakat institutions to increase the trust level of the zakat taxpayers towards them and assist the policy makers in establishing zakat institutions which would be perceived by the public as legitimate.
{"title":"Can disclosure practices and stakeholder management influence zakat payers’ trust? A Malaysian evidence","authors":"Nahla Samargandi, Sakinah Mohamed Tajularifin, E. Ghani, A. Aziz, A. Gunardi","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether disclosure practices and stakeholder management play an important role in influencing the zakat payers' trust in the zakat institutions in Malaysia. A regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between disclosure practices and stakeholder management of the zakat institutions on zakat payers' trust. Using questionnaire survey on 184 zakat payers, this study shows that the disclosure practices do influence the zakat payers' trust in the zakat institutions. However, it is revealed that stakeholder management does not influence the zakat payers' trust in zakat institutions. The findings in this study imply that the zakat institutions should focus on the transparency of disclosure practices. The findings in this research could assist the zakat institutions to increase the trust level of the zakat taxpayers towards them and assist the policy makers in establishing zakat institutions which would be perceived by the public as legitimate.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of paper is to assess the long-term memory of stock index returns in the pan-European platform Euronext (CAC-40, AEX, BEL-20 and PSI-20). We find evidence of time dependency in much of the data, suggesting that the series may best be described as fractional Brownian motion. Modified Rescaled-Range Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis were used to measure the degree of long memory. The global Hurst exponents evidence persistent long memory in the Dutch, Belgian and Portuguese markets. In the French market, evidence of long memory is inconsistent and weak. Fractal structure suggests non-conformity with the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and may compromise the reliability of asset pricing models. Furthermore, time-dependent Hurst exponents show evidence of weakening persistence in these markets, particularly after the international crises of 2000, 2002 and 2010. A possible explanation for those changes is that the markets may have matured over time, becoming more efficient after these severe events.
{"title":"Long-Term Memory in Euronext Stock Indexes Returns: an Econophysics Approach","authors":"Luís Gomes, V. Soares, S. Gama, J. Matos","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of paper is to assess the long-term memory of stock index returns in the pan-European platform Euronext (CAC-40, AEX, BEL-20 and PSI-20). We find evidence of time dependency in much of the data, suggesting that the series may best be described as fractional Brownian motion. Modified Rescaled-Range Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis were used to measure the degree of long memory. The global Hurst exponents evidence persistent long memory in the Dutch, Belgian and Portuguese markets. In the French market, evidence of long memory is inconsistent and weak. Fractal structure suggests non-conformity with the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and may compromise the reliability of asset pricing models. Furthermore, time-dependent Hurst exponents show evidence of weakening persistence in these markets, particularly after the international crises of 2000, 2002 and 2010. A possible explanation for those changes is that the markets may have matured over time, becoming more efficient after these severe events.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By using a two-stage quantile regression approach (2SQR), this study demonstrates how the insurer’s leverage is determined across various quantiles. The evidence shows that the influence of the business concentration and marketing channel at the lower leverage quantiles is opposite to that at the higher leverage quantiles, which proposes that the mean effects of the two-stage ordinary least squares method are insufficient to capture the effects of business strategies on the insurer’s capital structure determination. Moreover, the 2SQR evidence also shows that the magnitude of the impacts for some determinations varies among the different leverage quantiles. In sum, the evidence suggests that these two competing approaches should be viewed as complementary functions when discussing the insurer’s capital structure.
{"title":"The analysis of capital structure for property-liability insurers: a quantile regression approach","authors":"J. Hung, Vincent Y. L. Chang","doi":"10.15208/BEH.2018.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15208/BEH.2018.57","url":null,"abstract":"By using a two-stage quantile regression approach (2SQR), this study demonstrates how the insurer’s leverage is determined across various quantiles. The evidence shows that the influence of the business concentration and marketing channel at the lower leverage quantiles is opposite to that at the higher leverage quantiles, which proposes that the mean effects of the two-stage ordinary least squares method are insufficient to capture the effects of business strategies on the insurer’s capital structure determination. Moreover, the 2SQR evidence also shows that the magnitude of the impacts for some determinations varies among the different leverage quantiles. In sum, the evidence suggests that these two competing approaches should be viewed as complementary functions when discussing the insurer’s capital structure.","PeriodicalId":43750,"journal":{"name":"Business and Economic Horizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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