Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2088179
Ilaria Giallini, B. M. S. Inguscio, M. Nicastri, F. Russo, H. Dincer D’Alessandro, G. Cartocci, P. Mancini
Abstract Objectives Hearing loss has been the most common sensory impairment and one of the most challenging disabilities in the elderly population, with a multitude of consequences for the quality of life and psychosocial well-being. The present work was a narrative review on the effectiveness of communicative/psychosocial interventions that were designed for the elderly with hearing impairment. Methods A search of the academic database identified relevant articles based upon seven search facets (“quality of life,” “psychological,” “psychosocial wellbeing,” “hearing impaired,” “deaf,” “elderly”) up to November 2019. Inclusion criteria concerned the combined following terms: “quality of life,” “psychological” and “psychosocial wellbeing,” with the terms “hearing impaired” “deaf,” “elderly” and “interventions” and their possible variations. Results Only 9 out of 950 identified studies explicitly focused on psychosocial wellness and/or quality of life. Outcomes were sometimes contradictory in terms of the efficacy in quality of life and psychological wellbeing improvements. Conclusion Findings were promising in terms of quality of life improvement but did not allow for definitive conclusions, since study populations were heterogeneous and primary outcome measures did not always focus on deafness. Future research is needed to define effective protocols and evaluation measures that will be able to enlighten benefits in terms of psychosocial wellness and quality of life in the hearing impaired elderly population.
{"title":"On the effectiveness of interventions in hearing-impaired elders: a review of findings for psychosocial wellness and quality of life","authors":"Ilaria Giallini, B. M. S. Inguscio, M. Nicastri, F. Russo, H. Dincer D’Alessandro, G. Cartocci, P. Mancini","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2088179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2088179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Hearing loss has been the most common sensory impairment and one of the most challenging disabilities in the elderly population, with a multitude of consequences for the quality of life and psychosocial well-being. The present work was a narrative review on the effectiveness of communicative/psychosocial interventions that were designed for the elderly with hearing impairment. Methods A search of the academic database identified relevant articles based upon seven search facets (“quality of life,” “psychological,” “psychosocial wellbeing,” “hearing impaired,” “deaf,” “elderly”) up to November 2019. Inclusion criteria concerned the combined following terms: “quality of life,” “psychological” and “psychosocial wellbeing,” with the terms “hearing impaired” “deaf,” “elderly” and “interventions” and their possible variations. Results Only 9 out of 950 identified studies explicitly focused on psychosocial wellness and/or quality of life. Outcomes were sometimes contradictory in terms of the efficacy in quality of life and psychological wellbeing improvements. Conclusion Findings were promising in terms of quality of life improvement but did not allow for definitive conclusions, since study populations were heterogeneous and primary outcome measures did not always focus on deafness. Future research is needed to define effective protocols and evaluation measures that will be able to enlighten benefits in terms of psychosocial wellness and quality of life in the hearing impaired elderly population.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77871825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2084864
Caroline Nallet, J. Gervain
Abstract Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that speech perception impairments found in subjects with language deficits could be linked to the atypical neural entrainment of the brain oscillations present in the auditory cortex and oscillating at different frequencies, to the amplitude modulations of speech at different rates (i.e. phrase-level, syllable-level, phoneme-level). Material and methods: In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the studies investigating the neural synchronisation to auditory stimuli, linguistic or non-linguistic, in subjects with or at risk for language impairments. Our systematic research led to thirteen articles. The majority of these studies concerned subjects with dyslexia. Results: The studies are in favour of an overall atypical oscillatory activity of the auditory cortex in response to speech, at different modulation rates, associated with language outcomes. However, this systematic review shows that this research area is at its infancy and that conflicting results on the precise oscillatory mechanisms involved in the impaired speech perception still exist; further research as well as replications of the previous findings are needed to better understand the relationship between atypical neural entrainment to speech and language disorders. Conclusion: In conclusion, we link this systematic review to the prosodic prenatal shaping hypothesis proposing a developmental framework of speech perception linked to the theory of the embedded neural oscillations of the auditory cortex. A better understanding of the development of the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception and how they develop during infancy and childhood, both in typically and atypically developing children, could lead to better and earlier screening of children at risk for Language-Learning Impairment (LLI) and thus earlier and more efficient intervention programs.
{"title":"Atypical neural oscillations in response to speech in infants and children with speech and language impairments: a systematic review","authors":"Caroline Nallet, J. Gervain","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2084864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2084864","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that speech perception impairments found in subjects with language deficits could be linked to the atypical neural entrainment of the brain oscillations present in the auditory cortex and oscillating at different frequencies, to the amplitude modulations of speech at different rates (i.e. phrase-level, syllable-level, phoneme-level). Material and methods: In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the studies investigating the neural synchronisation to auditory stimuli, linguistic or non-linguistic, in subjects with or at risk for language impairments. Our systematic research led to thirteen articles. The majority of these studies concerned subjects with dyslexia. Results: The studies are in favour of an overall atypical oscillatory activity of the auditory cortex in response to speech, at different modulation rates, associated with language outcomes. However, this systematic review shows that this research area is at its infancy and that conflicting results on the precise oscillatory mechanisms involved in the impaired speech perception still exist; further research as well as replications of the previous findings are needed to better understand the relationship between atypical neural entrainment to speech and language disorders. Conclusion: In conclusion, we link this systematic review to the prosodic prenatal shaping hypothesis proposing a developmental framework of speech perception linked to the theory of the embedded neural oscillations of the auditory cortex. A better understanding of the development of the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception and how they develop during infancy and childhood, both in typically and atypically developing children, could lead to better and earlier screening of children at risk for Language-Learning Impairment (LLI) and thus earlier and more efficient intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77499012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2083872
Ian B. Mertes
Abstract Objectives The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) reduces cochlear amplifier gain, which may be beneficial for hearing in noise. Additionally, measurement of the MOCR may be diagnostically useful in the audiology clinic. The MOCR can be measured as the change in transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) amplitude without versus with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). However, CAS can activate the middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR) which can confound the MOCR results. MEMR activation has been assessed using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without versus with CAS. As an initial investigation, the current study compared detection of MEMR activation using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude to changes in wideband absorbance. Methods In 26 normal-hearing participants, the MEMR was measured as the change in absorbance and as the change in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without and with CAS. Percentile critical differences were developed from the test-retest measurements. Measures of agreement between MEMR detection methods were computed. Results CAS resulted in a larger number of participants exceeding the 95th percentile critical difference for absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude (22 versus 1). Agreement between methods was low. Conclusion Initial results indicated that MEMR was detectable in a larger number of participants when using absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude. However, future work could better equate the two methods and include measurement of MEMR thresholds to determine optimal methods for detecting MEMR activation during MOCR assessments.
{"title":"Detection of middle-ear muscle reflex activation using changes in otoacoustic emission stimulus amplitude versus absorbance: an initial investigation","authors":"Ian B. Mertes","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2083872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2083872","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) reduces cochlear amplifier gain, which may be beneficial for hearing in noise. Additionally, measurement of the MOCR may be diagnostically useful in the audiology clinic. The MOCR can be measured as the change in transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) amplitude without versus with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). However, CAS can activate the middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR) which can confound the MOCR results. MEMR activation has been assessed using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without versus with CAS. As an initial investigation, the current study compared detection of MEMR activation using changes in TEOAE stimulus amplitude to changes in wideband absorbance. Methods In 26 normal-hearing participants, the MEMR was measured as the change in absorbance and as the change in TEOAE stimulus amplitude without and with CAS. Percentile critical differences were developed from the test-retest measurements. Measures of agreement between MEMR detection methods were computed. Results CAS resulted in a larger number of participants exceeding the 95th percentile critical difference for absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude (22 versus 1). Agreement between methods was low. Conclusion Initial results indicated that MEMR was detectable in a larger number of participants when using absorbance compared to TEOAE stimulus amplitude. However, future work could better equate the two methods and include measurement of MEMR thresholds to determine optimal methods for detecting MEMR activation during MOCR assessments.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73095349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2079324
A. Sathe, S. Shenoy, Prachi Khandekar Sathe
Abstract Purpose Balance is crucial for an individual's capacity to maintain an upright position during both static and dynamic conditions. Balance control is a complex sensory-motor action based on automated and spinal reflexes, under the influence of several distinct and separate supraspinal centres in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex. However, cortical neural activation during the functioning of sensory feedback mechanisms involved in the dynamic balance of the sporting group (SG) and non-sporting group (NSG) of young adults is yet to be evaluated. Thus, we evaluated hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) following a dynamic balance task in SG and NSG of young adults. Materials and methods The dynamic balance of 48 participants was evaluated using the wobble board of the Kinematics Measurement System. Hemodynamic changes were recorded using Functional Near Infra-red Spectroscopy System during the dynamic balance task. Results SG performed significantly better (p < .05) on the dynamic balance, as compared to the NSG. PFC hemodynamics was significantly different (p < .05) in SG and NSG. Conclusion We conclude that superior balance scores in SG compared to NSG are associated with different areas of activation of PFC during dynamic balance tasks.
{"title":"Hemodynamic changes in prefrontal cortex following dynamic balance test in sporting and non-sporting population","authors":"A. Sathe, S. Shenoy, Prachi Khandekar Sathe","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2079324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2079324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose Balance is crucial for an individual's capacity to maintain an upright position during both static and dynamic conditions. Balance control is a complex sensory-motor action based on automated and spinal reflexes, under the influence of several distinct and separate supraspinal centres in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex. However, cortical neural activation during the functioning of sensory feedback mechanisms involved in the dynamic balance of the sporting group (SG) and non-sporting group (NSG) of young adults is yet to be evaluated. Thus, we evaluated hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) following a dynamic balance task in SG and NSG of young adults. Materials and methods The dynamic balance of 48 participants was evaluated using the wobble board of the Kinematics Measurement System. Hemodynamic changes were recorded using Functional Near Infra-red Spectroscopy System during the dynamic balance task. Results SG performed significantly better (p < .05) on the dynamic balance, as compared to the NSG. PFC hemodynamics was significantly different (p < .05) in SG and NSG. Conclusion We conclude that superior balance scores in SG compared to NSG are associated with different areas of activation of PFC during dynamic balance tasks.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2084250
M. Geal-Dor, S. Fichman, C. Adelman
Abstract Background The ABR is useful for estimation of hearing thresholds and is considered an objective test since cooperation of the infant is not required. However, wave 5 identification and threshold determination are often based on the audiologist's subjective judgement. The aim of the present study is to describe the developmental changes in ABR wave 5 latency to different stimuli and intensities in infants of different ages. Materials and methods Data from the files of 294 normal hearing infants were used in a retrospective analysis. The latency of wave 5 brainstem component of the ABR to click and tonal stimuli at different intensities down to threshold were measured. Results The wave 5 latency to click was shorter than for tonal stimuli. Furthermore, the rate at which latency of wave 5 decreased as a function of stimulus intensity was more pronounced over the higher intensities. The shortening of wave 5 latency was also more rapid over the first few months in response to the higher frequencies. Discussion and conclusions Latency values obtained were similar to those described in the literature; wave 5 latency for different frequencies followed the tono-topic organization of the cochlea and the decrease in latency followed neural maturation. Further investigation is needed to determine if the latency values at threshold in infants with hearing loss are similar.
{"title":"Developmental changes of ABR wave 5 latency to click and tonal stimulation at different intensities in infants","authors":"M. Geal-Dor, S. Fichman, C. Adelman","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2084250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2084250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The ABR is useful for estimation of hearing thresholds and is considered an objective test since cooperation of the infant is not required. However, wave 5 identification and threshold determination are often based on the audiologist's subjective judgement. The aim of the present study is to describe the developmental changes in ABR wave 5 latency to different stimuli and intensities in infants of different ages. Materials and methods Data from the files of 294 normal hearing infants were used in a retrospective analysis. The latency of wave 5 brainstem component of the ABR to click and tonal stimuli at different intensities down to threshold were measured. Results The wave 5 latency to click was shorter than for tonal stimuli. Furthermore, the rate at which latency of wave 5 decreased as a function of stimulus intensity was more pronounced over the higher intensities. The shortening of wave 5 latency was also more rapid over the first few months in response to the higher frequencies. Discussion and conclusions Latency values obtained were similar to those described in the literature; wave 5 latency for different frequencies followed the tono-topic organization of the cochlea and the decrease in latency followed neural maturation. Further investigation is needed to determine if the latency values at threshold in infants with hearing loss are similar.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77909237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2069976
W. El-Kholy, Dalia Mohammed Hassan, Yasmine El-Sayed El-Toukhy, N. Shafik
Abstract Objective Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) is a cortical auditory evoked potential elicited in response to a change in an ongoing sound. Since it is supposed to reflect auditory discrimination at the cortical level, recording of this potential has recently gained much attention. From a technical standpoint, the stimulus used should be long enough to accommodate the needed change. This research addresses the development and standardization of short duration tonal stimuli which can be implemented in most of the Evoked Potential (EP) equipment used in regular Audiology clinics. Methods Short duration tonal stimuli (500 msec.) were generated and edited using Audacity software. Temporal change was done using gap-in-tones stimuli (6, 10, 30 and 50 msec. in 1000 Hz tone). Frequency change was represented by frequency pairs (2%, 4%, 10% and 25% change from 1000 Hz base frequency). The developed stimuli were then used to generate ACC potential in 41 normal hearing children ranging in age from 2 to 10 years. A comparison was held between ACC response recorded using the different stimuli in reference to percent identifiability, morphology, latency and amplitude measures. Results Gap-in-tones at 10 msec. and 4% frequency change could elicit ACC response in 100% of subjects. ACC had the same morphology of the onset response in the majority of subjects, with longer latency and smaller amplitude. ACC amplitude was consistently affected by magnitude of change. Conclusion ACC was successfully recorded in 100% of normal hearing children using the developed short duration tonal stimuli for temporal change (10 msec.) and frequency change (4%). These stimuli can be uploaded in clinical EP equipment. ACC amplitude could be a better indicator of cortical discrimination compared to latency.
{"title":"Acoustic change complex using short duration stimuli in normal hearing children: temporal resolution and frequency discrimination","authors":"W. El-Kholy, Dalia Mohammed Hassan, Yasmine El-Sayed El-Toukhy, N. Shafik","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2069976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2069976","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) is a cortical auditory evoked potential elicited in response to a change in an ongoing sound. Since it is supposed to reflect auditory discrimination at the cortical level, recording of this potential has recently gained much attention. From a technical standpoint, the stimulus used should be long enough to accommodate the needed change. This research addresses the development and standardization of short duration tonal stimuli which can be implemented in most of the Evoked Potential (EP) equipment used in regular Audiology clinics. Methods Short duration tonal stimuli (500 msec.) were generated and edited using Audacity software. Temporal change was done using gap-in-tones stimuli (6, 10, 30 and 50 msec. in 1000 Hz tone). Frequency change was represented by frequency pairs (2%, 4%, 10% and 25% change from 1000 Hz base frequency). The developed stimuli were then used to generate ACC potential in 41 normal hearing children ranging in age from 2 to 10 years. A comparison was held between ACC response recorded using the different stimuli in reference to percent identifiability, morphology, latency and amplitude measures. Results Gap-in-tones at 10 msec. and 4% frequency change could elicit ACC response in 100% of subjects. ACC had the same morphology of the onset response in the majority of subjects, with longer latency and smaller amplitude. ACC amplitude was consistently affected by magnitude of change. Conclusion ACC was successfully recorded in 100% of normal hearing children using the developed short duration tonal stimuli for temporal change (10 msec.) and frequency change (4%). These stimuli can be uploaded in clinical EP equipment. ACC amplitude could be a better indicator of cortical discrimination compared to latency.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74591061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2073762
Anna Agostinelli, S. Montino
Auditory-Verbal Therapy. Science, Research, and Practice [1], written by expert practitioners in the field of Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT), is a complex and accurate manual for everyone who is interested in deepening auditory rehabilitation. The manual is made up of 27 chapters, divided into five sections: (a) fundamentals of AVT, (b) importance of auditory access and hearing technology, (c) development across essential domains in AVT, (d) implementation, and (e) AVT for diverse populations. Any clinician interested in the latest clinical and academic trends in AVT should consult this resource. Indeed, Auditory-Verbal therapy is constantly developing and improving along with advances in newborn hearing screening, early interventions, hearing technologies, and scientific research. The manual is supposed to be an update of the previously published Auditory Verbal Therapy for Young Children with Hearing Loss and Their Families, and the practitioners who guide them (Pural Publishing, [2]). The majority of deaf or hard of hearing children (92–97%) are born into normally hearing families. Approximately 95% of parents of children with hearing loss are hearing themselves [3] and trends indicate that many parents are choosing spoken language as the primary mode to communicate to their children with hearing loss. Moreover, studies report that deaf and hard-of-hearing children with hearing parents can reliably develop chronological age-expected vocabulary skills given the right language learning environment. For this reason it is necessary to guide and coach them to make them facilitators of their children’s development. Auditory-Verbal Therapy. Science, Research, and Practice is a valuable resource not only for speech and language therapists, but also for parents, teachers and other caregivers, who would like to support the development of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The book includes interesting elements such as deepening sections, case examples, conversational scenarios, examples of dialogues between children and practitioners (called ‘snapshot’ in the text), and analysis of each developmental stage. Of peculiar interest is chapter 10 that deepened the development of three-dimensional conversations and auditory-verbal therapy. According to AVT findings the rate of parent–child conversational turns in early childhood impacts brain development and is predictive of the level of language acquisition in later years. The three-dimensionality of the conversation makes this learning process extremely natural and it also favours overhearing, which the literature defines as the key principle of incidental learning. Indeed, as [4] suggest children with hearing loss (in particular those wearing Cochlear Implants) may not be able to capitalise on ‘overhearing’ for learning vocabulary, at least to the extent that their normal hearing peers are able to. In the manual tables about communication and hearing developmental stages are included, as well as those about
{"title":"Auditory-verbal therapy. Science, research, and practice: book review","authors":"Anna Agostinelli, S. Montino","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2073762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2073762","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory-Verbal Therapy. Science, Research, and Practice [1], written by expert practitioners in the field of Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT), is a complex and accurate manual for everyone who is interested in deepening auditory rehabilitation. The manual is made up of 27 chapters, divided into five sections: (a) fundamentals of AVT, (b) importance of auditory access and hearing technology, (c) development across essential domains in AVT, (d) implementation, and (e) AVT for diverse populations. Any clinician interested in the latest clinical and academic trends in AVT should consult this resource. Indeed, Auditory-Verbal therapy is constantly developing and improving along with advances in newborn hearing screening, early interventions, hearing technologies, and scientific research. The manual is supposed to be an update of the previously published Auditory Verbal Therapy for Young Children with Hearing Loss and Their Families, and the practitioners who guide them (Pural Publishing, [2]). The majority of deaf or hard of hearing children (92–97%) are born into normally hearing families. Approximately 95% of parents of children with hearing loss are hearing themselves [3] and trends indicate that many parents are choosing spoken language as the primary mode to communicate to their children with hearing loss. Moreover, studies report that deaf and hard-of-hearing children with hearing parents can reliably develop chronological age-expected vocabulary skills given the right language learning environment. For this reason it is necessary to guide and coach them to make them facilitators of their children’s development. Auditory-Verbal Therapy. Science, Research, and Practice is a valuable resource not only for speech and language therapists, but also for parents, teachers and other caregivers, who would like to support the development of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The book includes interesting elements such as deepening sections, case examples, conversational scenarios, examples of dialogues between children and practitioners (called ‘snapshot’ in the text), and analysis of each developmental stage. Of peculiar interest is chapter 10 that deepened the development of three-dimensional conversations and auditory-verbal therapy. According to AVT findings the rate of parent–child conversational turns in early childhood impacts brain development and is predictive of the level of language acquisition in later years. The three-dimensionality of the conversation makes this learning process extremely natural and it also favours overhearing, which the literature defines as the key principle of incidental learning. Indeed, as [4] suggest children with hearing loss (in particular those wearing Cochlear Implants) may not be able to capitalise on ‘overhearing’ for learning vocabulary, at least to the extent that their normal hearing peers are able to. In the manual tables about communication and hearing developmental stages are included, as well as those about","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81335722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2069961
Gaia Lucarini, R. Bovo, Vincenzo Galatà, Alessandra Pinton, C. Zmarich
Abstract Objectives The present work aims to contribute to the debate on the relationship between discrimination and production abilities in older pre-school-aged children and to fill a gap in the literature by providing evidence about this relationship in typically developing children speaking Italian, a language that is under-investigated. Methods Two novel tests, an AX ‘same/different’ phonological discrimination test and a phonetic test, were administered to a sample of Italian pre-school children aged 72–78 months. Discrimination was tested at the feature and the syllable levels. Production was analyzed for consonant repertoire and the presence of phonological processes, such as devoicing or consonant cluster reduction. Results In the AX test, significantly worse performance was found for syllables than for individual features. However, in production, no significant difference was found among phonological processes. No significant correlations were found between children’s performance in the two tests. Conclusion The current data suggest that children’s discrimination and production abilities for speech are still developing after age 6. There is no complete overlap between what children produce and what they discriminate. The implications of these findings for theories of language development are discussed.
{"title":"Speech perception and production abilities in a group of Italian preschoolers aged 72–78 months","authors":"Gaia Lucarini, R. Bovo, Vincenzo Galatà, Alessandra Pinton, C. Zmarich","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2069961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2069961","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The present work aims to contribute to the debate on the relationship between discrimination and production abilities in older pre-school-aged children and to fill a gap in the literature by providing evidence about this relationship in typically developing children speaking Italian, a language that is under-investigated. Methods Two novel tests, an AX ‘same/different’ phonological discrimination test and a phonetic test, were administered to a sample of Italian pre-school children aged 72–78 months. Discrimination was tested at the feature and the syllable levels. Production was analyzed for consonant repertoire and the presence of phonological processes, such as devoicing or consonant cluster reduction. Results In the AX test, significantly worse performance was found for syllables than for individual features. However, in production, no significant difference was found among phonological processes. No significant correlations were found between children’s performance in the two tests. Conclusion The current data suggest that children’s discrimination and production abilities for speech are still developing after age 6. There is no complete overlap between what children produce and what they discriminate. The implications of these findings for theories of language development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73586108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2067721
Bruno Henrique de Souza Fonseca, Pedro Henrique Sousa de Andrade, Otávio Borges, Jessica Mariana de Aquino Miranda, R. Bazan, L. P. S. D. de Souza, Gustavo José Luvizutto
Abstract Objectives New types of treatments have emerged, such as non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), to treat chronic vestibular dysfunction (VD). Considering that NIBS is a promising approach to reduce VD symptoms, this review was aimed to analyze the effects of NIBS in patients with VD. Methods We adhered to the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Intervention Reviews. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (a) individuals with vestibulopathy having clinical and neuroimaging; (b) Interventions: non-invasive brain stimulation, this intervention comprised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); (c) Control: any comparison or sham; and (d) Outcomes: dizziness and balance. We included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies from July 2004 to February 2020. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Ovid databases. Two pairs of reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts. Two authors assessed the risk of bias for each study using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. Results We identified 136 studies, and included two studies. Both studies used tDCS application. One study used anodal cerebellar tDCS or sham at 2 mA for 25 min associated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT), and the other study used anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) for 25–30 min associated with VRT at home. Both studies showed clinical improvement in the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Both studies presented higher-quality evidence on the GRADE scale and a low risk of bias. Conclusions Based on two studies, anodal tDCS over F3 or the cerebellum associated with VRT improved chronic vestibular symptoms.
【摘要】目的非侵入性脑刺激(NIBS)等治疗慢性前庭功能障碍(VD)的新方法已经出现。考虑到NIBS是一种很有前景的减少VD症状的方法，本综述旨在分析NIBS对VD患者的影响。方法我们遵循Cochrane干预评价手册中描述的方法。入选标准如下:(a)有临床和神经影像学检查的前庭病变患者;(b)干预:非侵入性脑刺激，该干预包括经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS);(c)控制:任何比较或虚假;(d)结果:头晕和平衡。我们纳入了2004年7月至2020年2月的随机对照试验和非随机研究。我们检索了PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane和Ovid数据库。两对审稿人独立筛选了所有标题和摘要。两位作者使用《Cochrane干预措施系统评价手册》中概述的标准评估了每项研究的偏倚风险，并使用推荐评估、发展和评价分级(GRADE)方法对每个结果的证据确定性进行了评分。结果我们共纳入136项研究，其中包括2项研究。两项研究均采用tDCS应用。一项研究使用2 mA的阳极式小脑tDCS或假手术治疗25分钟，并伴有前庭康复治疗(VRT)，另一项研究使用左背外侧前额叶皮质(F3)的阳极式tDCS治疗25 - 30分钟，并伴有家中VRT。两项研究均显示眩晕障碍量表(DHI)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、特定活动平衡自信量表(ABC)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)得分的临床改善。两项研究均提供了GRADE量表的高质量证据和低偏倚风险。结论:基于两项研究，与VRT相关的F3或小脑淋巴结tDCS可改善慢性前庭症状。
{"title":"Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on vestibulopathy disorders: a systematic review","authors":"Bruno Henrique de Souza Fonseca, Pedro Henrique Sousa de Andrade, Otávio Borges, Jessica Mariana de Aquino Miranda, R. Bazan, L. P. S. D. de Souza, Gustavo José Luvizutto","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2067721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2067721","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives New types of treatments have emerged, such as non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), to treat chronic vestibular dysfunction (VD). Considering that NIBS is a promising approach to reduce VD symptoms, this review was aimed to analyze the effects of NIBS in patients with VD. Methods We adhered to the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Intervention Reviews. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (a) individuals with vestibulopathy having clinical and neuroimaging; (b) Interventions: non-invasive brain stimulation, this intervention comprised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); (c) Control: any comparison or sham; and (d) Outcomes: dizziness and balance. We included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies from July 2004 to February 2020. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Ovid databases. Two pairs of reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts. Two authors assessed the risk of bias for each study using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. Results We identified 136 studies, and included two studies. Both studies used tDCS application. One study used anodal cerebellar tDCS or sham at 2 mA for 25 min associated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT), and the other study used anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) for 25–30 min associated with VRT at home. Both studies showed clinical improvement in the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Both studies presented higher-quality evidence on the GRADE scale and a low risk of bias. Conclusions Based on two studies, anodal tDCS over F3 or the cerebellum associated with VRT improved chronic vestibular symptoms.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85577704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2061688
G. Abdel-Salam, Hanaa Fadel
Abstract Background Cochlear implants (CIs) as a golden solution for improving hearing for patients with profound hearing loss may although causes damage for peripheral vestibular system during insertion of electrode interpretatively leading to vestibular dysfunction. This can be assessed by several methods. One of the important methods is cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) which can assess the function of saccule. Aim of the work Study the effect of insertion of electrodes of CIs on the saccular function, by using cVEMP test which was performed before and after the operation. Also, cVEMP was measured in the CI-on and CI-off modes to determine if electrical stimulation of electrodes of CIs affects the saccular function or not. Materials and method Thirty adult CI candidates were recruited from the audiology unit of Hearing and Speech Institute. cVEMP was recorded preoperatively for each candidate and two months post operative. cVEMP testing was performed in the CI-on and CI-off modes. Results cVEMP response was recorded postoperatively for 19 out of 30 (63%) implanted ears. The amplitude of wave P and wave N in implanted ears with CI-off mode was decreased compared to preoperative results and this decrease is statistically significant. Also, amplitude of wave P and wave N in implanted ears with CI-on mode were increased compared to preoperative results and this increase is statistically significant. The interaural amplitude difference (IAD) ratio in postoperative CI-on mode was decreased compared to preoperative results and this decrease is not statistically significant. Conclusion cVEMP should be included in cochlear implant selection protocol with caloric testing as it is more sensitive for discovering vestibular disorders. Also, postoperative cVEMP testing in the CI-on and CI-off modes will offer accurate evaluation of saccule function after CI surgery.
{"title":"The effect of cochlear implants on vestibular-evoked myogenic potential responses in adults","authors":"G. Abdel-Salam, Hanaa Fadel","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2061688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2061688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Cochlear implants (CIs) as a golden solution for improving hearing for patients with profound hearing loss may although causes damage for peripheral vestibular system during insertion of electrode interpretatively leading to vestibular dysfunction. This can be assessed by several methods. One of the important methods is cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) which can assess the function of saccule. Aim of the work Study the effect of insertion of electrodes of CIs on the saccular function, by using cVEMP test which was performed before and after the operation. Also, cVEMP was measured in the CI-on and CI-off modes to determine if electrical stimulation of electrodes of CIs affects the saccular function or not. Materials and method Thirty adult CI candidates were recruited from the audiology unit of Hearing and Speech Institute. cVEMP was recorded preoperatively for each candidate and two months post operative. cVEMP testing was performed in the CI-on and CI-off modes. Results cVEMP response was recorded postoperatively for 19 out of 30 (63%) implanted ears. The amplitude of wave P and wave N in implanted ears with CI-off mode was decreased compared to preoperative results and this decrease is statistically significant. Also, amplitude of wave P and wave N in implanted ears with CI-on mode were increased compared to preoperative results and this increase is statistically significant. The interaural amplitude difference (IAD) ratio in postoperative CI-on mode was decreased compared to preoperative results and this decrease is not statistically significant. Conclusion cVEMP should be included in cochlear implant selection protocol with caloric testing as it is more sensitive for discovering vestibular disorders. Also, postoperative cVEMP testing in the CI-on and CI-off modes will offer accurate evaluation of saccule function after CI surgery.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76159923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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