Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2028489
Silvia Piazzalunga, N. Salerni, F. Ambrogi, Sofia Limarzi, Sabrina Gianera, A. Schindler
Abstract Purpose Participation-outcome measures are required in the phoniatric and speech-language pathology practice to evaluate real-life changes during interventions. In line with the bio-psycho-social model of health, ‘Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six’ (FOCUS) is a validated scale by which parents rate their child’s Communicative Participation (CP). CP has been widely investigated in atypically-developing population, and it may be an innovative construct also for typically-developing children (TDC). The aim of the study is to describe the CP and its components observed in a large group of TDC, exploring whether children’s CP is influenced by their age. Method Through a cross-sectional observational study, parents of 355 Italian-speaking TDC aged 3.0–5.11 years without developmental impairments completed the Italian FOCUS (FOCUS-I). Result CP significantly increased with age (p < .001). Components’ scores differed by age, with some competences (‘pragmatics’, ‘receptive language/attention’, ‘social competence/play’, ‘coping strategies/emotions’) increased with age less than others (‘speech’, ‘intelligibility’, ‘independence’, ‘expressive language’). Conclusion The study suggests that a spontaneous significant increase in CP should be expected with a child’s development and it discusses the differences in the profile scores. When exploring real-life communicative participation, parents rate their children as changing mostly in their speech and expressive-linguistic competences.
{"title":"The communicative participation in pre-school children estimated by the FOCUS questionnaire: a functional communicative outcome measure","authors":"Silvia Piazzalunga, N. Salerni, F. Ambrogi, Sofia Limarzi, Sabrina Gianera, A. Schindler","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2028489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2028489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose Participation-outcome measures are required in the phoniatric and speech-language pathology practice to evaluate real-life changes during interventions. In line with the bio-psycho-social model of health, ‘Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six’ (FOCUS) is a validated scale by which parents rate their child’s Communicative Participation (CP). CP has been widely investigated in atypically-developing population, and it may be an innovative construct also for typically-developing children (TDC). The aim of the study is to describe the CP and its components observed in a large group of TDC, exploring whether children’s CP is influenced by their age. Method Through a cross-sectional observational study, parents of 355 Italian-speaking TDC aged 3.0–5.11 years without developmental impairments completed the Italian FOCUS (FOCUS-I). Result CP significantly increased with age (p < .001). Components’ scores differed by age, with some competences (‘pragmatics’, ‘receptive language/attention’, ‘social competence/play’, ‘coping strategies/emotions’) increased with age less than others (‘speech’, ‘intelligibility’, ‘independence’, ‘expressive language’). Conclusion The study suggests that a spontaneous significant increase in CP should be expected with a child’s development and it discusses the differences in the profile scores. When exploring real-life communicative participation, parents rate their children as changing mostly in their speech and expressive-linguistic competences.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80893180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2029040
Laura Lotti, L. Mazzoni, Egle Grigaliute, D. Monzani, E. Genovese
Abstract Objectives Attention deficit often emerges in individuals with auditory processing disorder and the relationship between them has not yet been completely understood. The aim of the present review is to investigate whether auditory attention deficit occurs in comorbidity or represents an expression of the same disorder and to compare different diagnostic and management criteria in the existing literature. Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed database that yielded 59 records, which were subsequently screened using PICO model. Out of 22 selected articles, four were excluded for non-adherence to the clinical question. Finally, 18 articles were included: one narrative review and 17 empirical research studies. Results Twenty-two articles were analysed and compared in order to answer to the clinical question along with the assessment instruments of auditory processing and auditory attention. Conclusions Our review pointed out a greater tendency to consider auditory processing disorder and deficit of attention as distinct entities often in comorbidity. Thus, it is important to evaluate the attentional performances in subjects with auditory processing disorder with particular regard to those who are suspected to suffer also from behavioural, language development or learning difficulties.
{"title":"Relationship between auditory processing disorders and attentional difficulties","authors":"Laura Lotti, L. Mazzoni, Egle Grigaliute, D. Monzani, E. Genovese","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2029040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2029040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Attention deficit often emerges in individuals with auditory processing disorder and the relationship between them has not yet been completely understood. The aim of the present review is to investigate whether auditory attention deficit occurs in comorbidity or represents an expression of the same disorder and to compare different diagnostic and management criteria in the existing literature. Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed database that yielded 59 records, which were subsequently screened using PICO model. Out of 22 selected articles, four were excluded for non-adherence to the clinical question. Finally, 18 articles were included: one narrative review and 17 empirical research studies. Results Twenty-two articles were analysed and compared in order to answer to the clinical question along with the assessment instruments of auditory processing and auditory attention. Conclusions Our review pointed out a greater tendency to consider auditory processing disorder and deficit of attention as distinct entities often in comorbidity. Thus, it is important to evaluate the attentional performances in subjects with auditory processing disorder with particular regard to those who are suspected to suffer also from behavioural, language development or learning difficulties.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77423355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2028506
M. Mion, U. Barillari, M. Barillari, A. Martini
Abstract Purpose: Enrico Caruso was one of the most famous Italian opera singer who lived between the XIXth and the XXth century. Material and methods: On the occasion of the centenary of his death, we propose some mails that documented the correspondence between the tenor and Salvatore Marano, his otolaryngologist and dear friend. Conclusions: Reading the correspondence between them, we can appreciate an inedited side of the famous singer.
{"title":"An otolaryngologist and an opera singer: the peculiar friendship between Doctor Marano and Enrico Caruso","authors":"M. Mion, U. Barillari, M. Barillari, A. Martini","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2028506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2028506","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: Enrico Caruso was one of the most famous Italian opera singer who lived between the XIXth and the XXth century. Material and methods: On the occasion of the centenary of his death, we propose some mails that documented the correspondence between the tenor and Salvatore Marano, his otolaryngologist and dear friend. Conclusions: Reading the correspondence between them, we can appreciate an inedited side of the famous singer.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86504128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2028490
M. Behlau, Glaucya Madazio, Thays Vaiano, Claudia Pacheco, Flávia Badaró
Abstract This article describes the contribution of the speech-language pathologist, voice specialist SLP-V in the assessment of patients with voice problems. Part B explores acoustic analysis to measure the vocal signal and to produce comprehensive documentation of the patient; the physical examination to assess the involvement of body tension, including the larynx, cervical muscles, and breathing pattern; and finally, the correlation of all previously described steps to make a clinical decision combining the patient information, tests performed, and the physical examination of the individual. Worldwide published tendencies and specific comments of each step highlight the role of the SLP-V.
{"title":"Voice evaluation – contribution of the speech-language pathologist voice specialist – SLP-V: part B. Acoustic analysis, physical examination and correlation of all steps with the medical diagnoses","authors":"M. Behlau, Glaucya Madazio, Thays Vaiano, Claudia Pacheco, Flávia Badaró","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2028490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2028490","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes the contribution of the speech-language pathologist, voice specialist SLP-V in the assessment of patients with voice problems. Part B explores acoustic analysis to measure the vocal signal and to produce comprehensive documentation of the patient; the physical examination to assess the involvement of body tension, including the larynx, cervical muscles, and breathing pattern; and finally, the correlation of all previously described steps to make a clinical decision combining the patient information, tests performed, and the physical examination of the individual. Worldwide published tendencies and specific comments of each step highlight the role of the SLP-V.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77432915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2022.2028497
G. Ruoppolo, M. Nicastri
Abstract Objective: Describing the evolution of human communication from its origins to our days in order to provide insights useful to guide reflexions on the modern physiopathology of communication research. Methods: A series of scientific articles and texts concerning the evolution of human communication and the relationship between human communication and culture has been revised. Results: The capacity of man to mediate symbolic representations through language has led to a revolutionary transformation from “obliged” communication, already present in nature, in a “biological independent” communication, with the opportunity of creating culture, up to the point of granting control and manipulation of biological processes. Human communication, supported in modern times by the increasingly widespread channels of diffusion, has progressively become itself an object of scientific studies, able to influence the choices of recipients considered to be passive. Conclusion: Traditional landmarks in human communication have been language acquisition, writing, reading and studies on rhetoric. At present times communication is further influenced by mass media, and new frontiers are opening, including teleconsultations, instant translations, humanoid robots naturally interacting with humans and brain computer interface: will it be the last landmark in the development of human communication?
{"title":"Landmarks in the development of human communication","authors":"G. Ruoppolo, M. Nicastri","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2022.2028497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2022.2028497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Describing the evolution of human communication from its origins to our days in order to provide insights useful to guide reflexions on the modern physiopathology of communication research. Methods: A series of scientific articles and texts concerning the evolution of human communication and the relationship between human communication and culture has been revised. Results: The capacity of man to mediate symbolic representations through language has led to a revolutionary transformation from “obliged” communication, already present in nature, in a “biological independent” communication, with the opportunity of creating culture, up to the point of granting control and manipulation of biological processes. Human communication, supported in modern times by the increasingly widespread channels of diffusion, has progressively become itself an object of scientific studies, able to influence the choices of recipients considered to be passive. Conclusion: Traditional landmarks in human communication have been language acquisition, writing, reading and studies on rhetoric. At present times communication is further influenced by mass media, and new frontiers are opening, including teleconsultations, instant translations, humanoid robots naturally interacting with humans and brain computer interface: will it be the last landmark in the development of human communication?","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78488944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2021.2020508
Christopher D. Dwyer, Thomas L. Carroll
Abstract Objectives In this review, we draw on the available evidence supporting use of a diagnostic vocal fold injection as part of the treatment paradigm for secondary muscle tension dysphonia when voice therapy incompletely addresses patient’s voice and laryngeal related symptoms. We aim to outline some key diagnostic and treatment considerations, focussing on the search for underlying glottic insuffiency, and role of a diagnostic vocal fold augmentation for the patient with secondary muscle tension dysphonia. Methods A literature review of PubMed was performed, titles and abstracts were assessed, and articles that most comprehensively addressed our clinical question were selected. We also draw upon the authors’ experience with the management of secondary muscle tension dysphonia. A representative case presentation along with review of classification, diagnosis, work-up and management of muscle tension dysphonia in the setting of glottic insuffiency is presented. Conclusions Glottic insuffiency resulting in secondary muscle tension dysphonia is an under-recognised contributor to voice and laryngeal related complaints. When behavioural treatments are unsuccessful, a diagnostic vocal fold injection is a relatively simple method to determine if addressing underling the glottic insufficiency affords symptomatic improvement. If a favourable response is obtained, it is reasonable for both patient and treating surgeon to proceed with a more durable or even permanent augmentation option.
{"title":"Diagnostic vocal fold injection as an intervention for secondary muscle tension dysphonia","authors":"Christopher D. Dwyer, Thomas L. Carroll","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2021.2020508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.2020508","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives In this review, we draw on the available evidence supporting use of a diagnostic vocal fold injection as part of the treatment paradigm for secondary muscle tension dysphonia when voice therapy incompletely addresses patient’s voice and laryngeal related symptoms. We aim to outline some key diagnostic and treatment considerations, focussing on the search for underlying glottic insuffiency, and role of a diagnostic vocal fold augmentation for the patient with secondary muscle tension dysphonia. Methods A literature review of PubMed was performed, titles and abstracts were assessed, and articles that most comprehensively addressed our clinical question were selected. We also draw upon the authors’ experience with the management of secondary muscle tension dysphonia. A representative case presentation along with review of classification, diagnosis, work-up and management of muscle tension dysphonia in the setting of glottic insuffiency is presented. Conclusions Glottic insuffiency resulting in secondary muscle tension dysphonia is an under-recognised contributor to voice and laryngeal related complaints. When behavioural treatments are unsuccessful, a diagnostic vocal fold injection is a relatively simple method to determine if addressing underling the glottic insufficiency affords symptomatic improvement. If a favourable response is obtained, it is reasonable for both patient and treating surgeon to proceed with a more durable or even permanent augmentation option.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84706929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2021.1991085
M. Phanguphangu, A. Ross
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for developing ear disease and hearing loss (HL) in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA). Methods This was a cross-sectional survey where participants underwent an otoscopic examination and an otoacoustic emissions screening (<6-years-old) or smartphone-based pure tone audiometry (>6-years-old) test. Prevalence data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while multivariate logistic regression identified the risk factors for developing ear disease/HL. Results Forty-one participants aged 3–12-years-old (22 males and 19 females) took part in this study. Twenty participants (48.7%) presented with ear disease including otitis media (n = 9, 22%), cerumen impaction (n = 10, 23%), and tympanic membrane perforation (n = 1, 2.4%). HL was observed in 13 participants (32%). Lower CD4 count, longer duration of HIV infection, shorter duration on ART treatment, and concomitant tuberculosis (TB) infection were (p < .05) all associated with ear diseases. Conclusion A high prevalence of ear disease and HL was found in CLWHA, which indicated the need for ear and hearing screening to be incorporated into 3-monthly consultations with CLWHA; to enable early detection and intervention and prevent the associated negative impacts. A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of CLWHA, specifically the inclusion of audiologists, and the use of mHealth in resource-constrained settings is highly recommended.
{"title":"Auditory manifestations in HIV-infected children at a state hospital in South Africa","authors":"M. Phanguphangu, A. Ross","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2021.1991085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.1991085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for developing ear disease and hearing loss (HL) in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA). Methods This was a cross-sectional survey where participants underwent an otoscopic examination and an otoacoustic emissions screening (<6-years-old) or smartphone-based pure tone audiometry (>6-years-old) test. Prevalence data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while multivariate logistic regression identified the risk factors for developing ear disease/HL. Results Forty-one participants aged 3–12-years-old (22 males and 19 females) took part in this study. Twenty participants (48.7%) presented with ear disease including otitis media (n = 9, 22%), cerumen impaction (n = 10, 23%), and tympanic membrane perforation (n = 1, 2.4%). HL was observed in 13 participants (32%). Lower CD4 count, longer duration of HIV infection, shorter duration on ART treatment, and concomitant tuberculosis (TB) infection were (p < .05) all associated with ear diseases. Conclusion A high prevalence of ear disease and HL was found in CLWHA, which indicated the need for ear and hearing screening to be incorporated into 3-monthly consultations with CLWHA; to enable early detection and intervention and prevent the associated negative impacts. A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of CLWHA, specifically the inclusion of audiologists, and the use of mHealth in resource-constrained settings is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72804983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2021.1975984
Marcello Cherchi, D. Yacovino
Abstract Objective: Explore how the terminology of some vestibulocochlear diseases leads to a misleading nosology that probably misrepresents the underlying neuroanatomy and pathology. Methods: Review what is known and unknown about neuroanatomical localization of some common vestibulocochlear diseases. Results: Literature on this topic often conveys, or strongly implies, discreteness of neuroanatomical localization and corresponding deficits, when in fact several common vestibulocochlear disorders are more likely to involve a continuum both in anatomy and in clinical presentation. Conclusion: Having recognized the misleading nature of the common classifications of these diseases, we suggest several strategies for improving diagnosis. Some of these suggestions are immediately applicable to the practice of vestibular medicine; others have potential relevance for emerging and future therapeutics.
{"title":"Dysfunction along the continuum of vestibulocochlear anatomy, and the corresponding spectrum of clinical presentation: how little we know, and what else we need to learn","authors":"Marcello Cherchi, D. Yacovino","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2021.1975984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.1975984","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Explore how the terminology of some vestibulocochlear diseases leads to a misleading nosology that probably misrepresents the underlying neuroanatomy and pathology. Methods: Review what is known and unknown about neuroanatomical localization of some common vestibulocochlear diseases. Results: Literature on this topic often conveys, or strongly implies, discreteness of neuroanatomical localization and corresponding deficits, when in fact several common vestibulocochlear disorders are more likely to involve a continuum both in anatomy and in clinical presentation. Conclusion: Having recognized the misleading nature of the common classifications of these diseases, we suggest several strategies for improving diagnosis. Some of these suggestions are immediately applicable to the practice of vestibular medicine; others have potential relevance for emerging and future therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86141677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2021.1975987
L. Manzari, I. Curthoys
Abstract Objective New tests of otolithic function use air conducted sound (ACS) and bone conducted vibration (BCV) as otolithic stimuli. These stimuli generate vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) from tensed neck muscles or extraocular muscles which differentiate utricular and saccular function in each labyrinth. Methods New anatomical and physiological results show why these are valid otolithic stimuli: that within each otolithic macula there are effectively two co-existing sensing systems – that in addition to the classical response of some otolith afferents to low frequency linear accelerations like tilts and translations by what is called the sustained system, other afferent neurons from a specialized band of receptors in each macula are activated by ACS and BCV (the transient system). These afferents are activated and synchronized (phase-locked) to every cycle of an ACS or BCV stimulus up to frequencies above 1000 Hz. In each otolithic macula these two systems are subserved by neurons with very different anatomical structure and physiological characteristics arising from different regions of the maculae because there is unique specialization of receptors in different regions – the maculae are not uniform homogenous receptor structures. Otolithic afferents with regular resting ischarge, originating mainly from type II receptors in the extrastriolar region constitute the low frequency sustained system, whereas afferents with irregular resting activity originating mainly from type I receptors at the striola constitute the high frequency transient system and it is the transient system which is activated by ACS and BCV and so is responsible for VEMPs. Results Reduced or absent function of one otolithic macula results in asymmetric VEMP responses to bilaterally equal ACS or BCV stimuli. Conclusion VEMPs provide evidence of unilateral and bilateral otolithic loss and even more remarkably, evidence of the status of each saccular and each utricular macula separately.
{"title":"VEMPs: pathophysiology, method and results (short review)","authors":"L. Manzari, I. Curthoys","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2021.1975987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.1975987","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective New tests of otolithic function use air conducted sound (ACS) and bone conducted vibration (BCV) as otolithic stimuli. These stimuli generate vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) from tensed neck muscles or extraocular muscles which differentiate utricular and saccular function in each labyrinth. Methods New anatomical and physiological results show why these are valid otolithic stimuli: that within each otolithic macula there are effectively two co-existing sensing systems – that in addition to the classical response of some otolith afferents to low frequency linear accelerations like tilts and translations by what is called the sustained system, other afferent neurons from a specialized band of receptors in each macula are activated by ACS and BCV (the transient system). These afferents are activated and synchronized (phase-locked) to every cycle of an ACS or BCV stimulus up to frequencies above 1000 Hz. In each otolithic macula these two systems are subserved by neurons with very different anatomical structure and physiological characteristics arising from different regions of the maculae because there is unique specialization of receptors in different regions – the maculae are not uniform homogenous receptor structures. Otolithic afferents with regular resting ischarge, originating mainly from type II receptors in the extrastriolar region constitute the low frequency sustained system, whereas afferents with irregular resting activity originating mainly from type I receptors at the striola constitute the high frequency transient system and it is the transient system which is activated by ACS and BCV and so is responsible for VEMPs. Results Reduced or absent function of one otolithic macula results in asymmetric VEMP responses to bilaterally equal ACS or BCV stimuli. Conclusion VEMPs provide evidence of unilateral and bilateral otolithic loss and even more remarkably, evidence of the status of each saccular and each utricular macula separately.","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81998363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2021.1933319
A. Megighian, C. Reggiani
Abstract Julius Richard Ewald was an eminent physiologist who first proposed the hydrodynamic theory of stimulation of the semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth. Among otoneurologists, he is remembered for the laws that take his name. The first establishes that the direction of endolymphatic flow is consensual to the direction of the slow phase of the vestibulo-oculomotor nystagmus. The second says that ampullopetal endolymphatic flow produces a stronger response than ampullofugal flow in the horizontal canal. The third law is an upgrade of the second one: ampullofugal flow produces a stronger response than ampullopetal flow in the vertical canals
朱利叶斯·理查德·埃瓦尔德(Julius Richard Ewald)是一位杰出的生理学家，他首先提出了前庭迷宫半规管刺激的水动力学理论。在耳神经学家中，他因以他的名字命名的法律而被铭记。第一，内淋巴血流的方向与前庭动眼性眼球震颤慢相的方向是一致的。第二种观点认为壶腹侧淋巴内流比壶腹侧水平管内流产生更强的反应。第三定律是第二定律的升级:壶腹侧流比壶腹侧流在垂直管道中产生更强的响应
{"title":"Ewald’s role among the pioneers of otoneurology","authors":"A. Megighian, C. Reggiani","doi":"10.1080/21695717.2021.1933319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.1933319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Julius Richard Ewald was an eminent physiologist who first proposed the hydrodynamic theory of stimulation of the semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth. Among otoneurologists, he is remembered for the laws that take his name. The first establishes that the direction of endolymphatic flow is consensual to the direction of the slow phase of the vestibulo-oculomotor nystagmus. The second says that ampullopetal endolymphatic flow produces a stronger response than ampullofugal flow in the horizontal canal. The third law is an upgrade of the second one: ampullofugal flow produces a stronger response than ampullopetal flow in the vertical canals","PeriodicalId":43765,"journal":{"name":"Hearing Balance and Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75651824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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