首页 > 最新文献

Ethnobiology Letters最新文献

英文 中文
Genotoxic Profile and Morphological Variation of the Amanita rubescens Complex: Traditional Knowledge for Safe Consumption in Mexico 红毛伞复合物的遗传毒性特征和形态变异:墨西哥安全消费的传统知识
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-09-04 DOI: 10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1259
Griselda Nallely Hernández-Rico, P. Octavio-Aguilar, Roberto Orijel-Garibay, L. Romero-Bautista
Wild mushrooms are important to the nutritional health and economic subsistence of rural populations in Mexico, but inaccurate identification of mushrooms has led to reported cases of poisoning. The aim of this study is to establish genotoxic profiles of mushrooms of the putative Amanita rubescens complex and to link those profiles with morphological attributes that suggest a correct identification of mushrooms, in order to prevent poisoning. Several combinations of amplification products (AMA, PHA, POP1, and POP2 genes) were identified in A. rubescens fungi sold in traditional markets; these genes are related to the presence of toxic polypeptides and its enzymatic regulators. The sequences correspond to a previously reported toxic gene family (MSDIM). All samples with the complete toxic gene profile presented reddish to dark-brown sporomes; this is the only attribute that visually distinguishes samples with toxic potential. Our results suggest that the mushrooms sold in traditional Mexican markets do not correspond to the A. rubescens complex. We conclude that morphological variability allows for identification of edible and inedible mushrooms.
野生蘑菇对墨西哥农村人口的营养健康和经济生存至关重要,但对蘑菇的不准确鉴定导致了中毒病例的报道。本研究的目的是建立假定的红毛伞复合菌蘑菇的遗传毒性谱,并将这些谱与形态学属性联系起来,以建议正确识别蘑菇,以防止中毒。在传统市场销售的冬冬草真菌中鉴定出了多个扩增产物组合(AMA、PHA、POP1和POP2基因);这些基因与有毒多肽及其酶调节因子的存在有关。该序列对应于先前报道的毒性基因家族(MSDIM)。所有具有完整毒性基因谱的样品孢子体呈红色至深褐色;这是在视觉上区分具有潜在毒性的样品的唯一属性。我们的研究结果表明,在传统的墨西哥市场上销售的蘑菇不对应于冬凌草复合体。我们得出结论,形态变异允许可食用和不可食用蘑菇的识别。
{"title":"Genotoxic Profile and Morphological Variation of the Amanita rubescens Complex: Traditional Knowledge for Safe Consumption in Mexico","authors":"Griselda Nallely Hernández-Rico, P. Octavio-Aguilar, Roberto Orijel-Garibay, L. Romero-Bautista","doi":"10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1259","url":null,"abstract":"Wild mushrooms are important to the nutritional health and economic subsistence of rural populations in Mexico, but inaccurate identification of mushrooms has led to reported cases of poisoning. The aim of this study is to establish genotoxic profiles of mushrooms of the putative Amanita rubescens complex and to link those profiles with morphological attributes that suggest a correct identification of mushrooms, in order to prevent poisoning. Several combinations of amplification products (AMA, PHA, POP1, and POP2 genes) were identified in A. rubescens fungi sold in traditional markets; these genes are related to the presence of toxic polypeptides and its enzymatic regulators. The sequences correspond to a previously reported toxic gene family (MSDIM). All samples with the complete toxic gene profile presented reddish to dark-brown sporomes; this is the only attribute that visually distinguishes samples with toxic potential. Our results suggest that the mushrooms sold in traditional Mexican markets do not correspond to the A. rubescens complex. We conclude that morphological variability allows for identification of edible and inedible mushrooms.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42245444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Indigenous American Peoples’ Stories Inform the Study of Dog Domestication? 美国原住民的故事对狗的驯化研究有帮助吗?
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1474
L. Mech
I discuss the article “Relationships Between Indigenous American Peoples and Wolves 1: Wolves as Teachers and Guides” (Fogg et al. 2015) and the book “The First Domestication: How Wolves and Humans Coevolved” (Pierotti and Fogg 2017). The article proposed that published stories about interactions between indigenous American peoples and wolves (Canis lupus) provide insight into wolf-human relationships as humans began domesticating wolves. In the book, the authors offer a theory of how wolves and humans coevolved by building on the information in the article and the authors’ long experience with captive and pet wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, and dogs. I (1) present arguments and evidence that question the value of indigenous American stories for drawing conclusions about the relationship between early humans and wolves 14,000 yrs BP; (2) demonstrate how indigenous American stories contradict documented information about wolf biology, behavior, and known interactions with humans; and (3) point out important information not considered by the authors about wolf attacks on humans and the importance of rabies in the wolf-human relationship.
我讨论了《美国原住民和狼之间的关系1:狼作为老师和向导》一文(Fogg等人,2015)和《第一次驯化:狼和人类如何共同进化》一书(Pierotti和Fogg,2017)。这篇文章提出,随着人类开始驯化狼,已发表的关于美洲原住民与狼(Canis lupus)之间互动的故事可以深入了解狼与人的关系。在这本书中,作者根据文章中的信息以及作者对圈养和宠物狼、狼狗杂交种和狗的长期经验,提出了狼和人类如何共同进化的理论。我(1)提出论点和证据,质疑美国原住民故事对得出14000年前早期人类和狼之间关系的结论的价值;(2) 展示美国原住民的故事如何与有关狼的生物学、行为和已知与人类互动的文献信息相矛盾;以及(3)指出作者没有考虑到的关于狼袭击人类的重要信息以及狂犬病在狼与人关系中的重要性。
{"title":"Do Indigenous American Peoples’ Stories Inform the Study of Dog Domestication?","authors":"L. Mech","doi":"10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1474","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss the article “Relationships Between Indigenous American Peoples and Wolves 1: Wolves as Teachers and Guides” (Fogg et al. 2015) and the book “The First Domestication: How Wolves and Humans Coevolved” (Pierotti and Fogg 2017). The article proposed that published stories about interactions between indigenous American peoples and wolves (Canis lupus) provide insight into wolf-human relationships as humans began domesticating wolves. In the book, the authors offer a theory of how wolves and humans coevolved by building on the information in the article and the authors’ long experience with captive and pet wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, and dogs. I (1) present arguments and evidence that question the value of indigenous American stories for drawing conclusions about the relationship between early humans and wolves 14,000 yrs BP; (2) demonstrate how indigenous American stories contradict documented information about wolf biology, behavior, and known interactions with humans; and (3) point out important information not considered by the authors about wolf attacks on humans and the importance of rabies in the wolf-human relationship.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
How Toxic is Milkweed when Harvested and Cooked according to Myaamia Tradition? 根据缅甸传统,收获和烹饪马利筋的毒性有多大?
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1487
M. A. Everest, M. P. Gonella, Holly G. Bowler, Joshua R. Waschak
Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed) is known to contain sufficient amounts of cardiac glycosides, which are known to be toxic to humans. Nonetheless, it is traditionally used for food by Native Americans, including the Myaamia people of Indiana and Oklahoma. In order to test the hypothesis that traditional horticultural and culinary practices prevent the Myaamia from ingesting toxic levels of cardiac glycosides, we have determined the level of glycosides (digitoxin equivalent) in A. syriaca 1) in various parts of the plant, 2) at various heights for pre-reproductive plants, and 3) before and after cooking according to traditional Myaamia procedures. Plants were grown, harvested, dried, ground, and extracted twice with ethanol. The amount of digitoxin-equivalent glycoside in plant extract was determined spectrophotometrically using 2,2’,4,4’-tetranitrodiphenyl, a selective derivatizing agent. We find that all parts of the plant contain significant levels of cardiac glycosides at all stages of growth. Plants harvested as young shoots for food, the common practice of the Myaamia, contain slightly lower levels of cardiac glycosides when compared to the leaves and stems of older, taller plants. Moreover, the toxicity is significantly reduced by the traditional Myaamia cooking procedure—a repeated boiling with several changes of water. Therefore, it appears as though the risk of glycoside poisoning from traditional Myaamia use of milkweed for food is moderated by their harvesting practice and traditional cooking procedure.
众所周知,叙利亚蛔虫(普通乳草)含有足够量的强心苷,对人类有毒。尽管如此,它传统上被美洲原住民用作食物,包括印第安纳州和俄克拉荷马州的米亚人。为了验证传统园艺和烹饪方法防止麦毒症摄入有毒强心苷的假设,我们测定了丁香中糖苷(洋地黄毒素当量)的水平1)在植物的各个部位,2)在繁殖前植物的各个高度,以及3)根据传统麦毒症程序烹饪前后。植物生长、收获、干燥、研磨,并用乙醇提取两次。用选择性衍生剂2,2',4,4'-四硝基联苯分光光度法测定了植物提取物中洋地黄毒苷的含量。我们发现,在植物的各个生长阶段,植物的各个部位都含有显著水平的强心苷。作为食物的嫩芽收获的植物是Myaamia的常见做法,与较老、较高植物的叶子和茎相比,其强心苷含量略低。此外,传统的Myaamia烹饪程序——多次换水反复煮沸——可以显著降低毒性。因此,似乎传统的Myaamia使用乳草作为食物的糖苷中毒风险受到其收获实践和传统烹饪程序的调节。
{"title":"How Toxic is Milkweed when Harvested and Cooked according to Myaamia Tradition?","authors":"M. A. Everest, M. P. Gonella, Holly G. Bowler, Joshua R. Waschak","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1487","url":null,"abstract":"Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed) is known to contain sufficient amounts of cardiac glycosides, which are known to be toxic to humans. Nonetheless, it is traditionally used for food by Native Americans, including the Myaamia people of Indiana and Oklahoma. In order to test the hypothesis that traditional horticultural and culinary practices prevent the Myaamia from ingesting toxic levels of cardiac glycosides, we have determined the level of glycosides (digitoxin equivalent) in A. syriaca 1) in various parts of the plant, 2) at various heights for pre-reproductive plants, and 3) before and after cooking according to traditional Myaamia procedures. Plants were grown, harvested, dried, ground, and extracted twice with ethanol. The amount of digitoxin-equivalent glycoside in plant extract was determined spectrophotometrically using 2,2’,4,4’-tetranitrodiphenyl, a selective derivatizing agent. We find that all parts of the plant contain significant levels of cardiac glycosides at all stages of growth. Plants harvested as young shoots for food, the common practice of the Myaamia, contain slightly lower levels of cardiac glycosides when compared to the leaves and stems of older, taller plants. Moreover, the toxicity is significantly reduced by the traditional Myaamia cooking procedure—a repeated boiling with several changes of water. Therefore, it appears as though the risk of glycoside poisoning from traditional Myaamia use of milkweed for food is moderated by their harvesting practice and traditional cooking procedure.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Winged: An Upper Missouri River Ethno-ornithology. By Kaitlyn Moore Chandler, Wendi Field Murray, María Nieves Zedeño, Samrat Miller Clements, and Robert James. 2017. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 129 pp. 有翼者:密苏里河上游的人种鸟类学。作者:凯特琳·摩尔·钱德勒、文迪·菲尔德·默里、María尼夫斯Zedeño、萨姆拉特·米勒·克莱门茨和罗伯特·詹姆斯,2017。亚利桑那大学出版社,图森,129页。
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1604
David A. Hooper
{"title":"The Winged: An Upper Missouri River Ethno-ornithology. By Kaitlyn Moore Chandler, Wendi Field Murray, María Nieves Zedeño, Samrat Miller Clements, and Robert James. 2017. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 129 pp.","authors":"David A. Hooper","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Canoe Making as a Process of Preserving Cultural Heritage 理解独木舟制作是一个保存文化遗产的过程
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1363
Débora Peterson, N. Hanazaki, Fabiana Li
Canoes are deeply ingrained elements of the Caiçara culture, not only for their historical and current practical uses, but also for their socio-cultural outcomes. Caiçara people are the descendants of Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples who inhabit parts of the Atlantic Forest in the southern and southeastern coast of Brazil. Despite this, canoe making has been declining in several Caiçara communities, while many ongoing initiatives have attempted to encourage the maintenance of this practice. This article explores some of the Caiçara-canoe relationships within the Juatinga Ecological Reserve, in southeastern Brazil. We discuss how canoes are an appropriate technology for some fishing techniques, and are thus not easily replaced by fiberglass or aluminum boats. We also explore some socio-cultural dimensions of canoe making in light of the relationships of Caiçara canoe makers and fishers with the forest and with other community members. This article contributes to a growing body of knowledge to protect elements of Caiçara identity, including initiatives to help maintain canoes, canoe making, and the people involved with them.
独木舟是caiara文化中根深蒂固的元素,不仅因为它们的历史和当前的实际用途,而且因为它们的社会文化成果。凯帕达拉人是居住在巴西南部和东南海岸大西洋森林部分地区的欧洲人、非洲人和土著人民的后裔。尽管如此,独木舟制造在几个caiara社区一直在下降,而许多正在进行的倡议试图鼓励这种做法的维持。本文探讨了巴西东南部Juatinga生态保护区内的一些cairara -canoe关系。我们讨论了独木舟是一种适合某些捕鱼技术的技术,因此不容易被玻璃纤维或铝船取代。我们还探讨了一些社会文化方面的独木舟制造的光caiara独木舟制造商和渔民与森林和其他社区成员的关系。本文提供了越来越多的知识体系,以保护caiara的身份元素,包括帮助维护独木舟、独木舟制造和与之相关的人的倡议。
{"title":"Understanding Canoe Making as a Process of Preserving Cultural Heritage","authors":"Débora Peterson, N. Hanazaki, Fabiana Li","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1363","url":null,"abstract":"Canoes are deeply ingrained elements of the Caiçara culture, not only for their historical and current practical uses, but also for their socio-cultural outcomes. Caiçara people are the descendants of Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples who inhabit parts of the Atlantic Forest in the southern and southeastern coast of Brazil. Despite this, canoe making has been declining in several Caiçara communities, while many ongoing initiatives have attempted to encourage the maintenance of this practice. This article explores some of the Caiçara-canoe relationships within the Juatinga Ecological Reserve, in southeastern Brazil. We discuss how canoes are an appropriate technology for some fishing techniques, and are thus not easily replaced by fiberglass or aluminum boats. We also explore some socio-cultural dimensions of canoe making in light of the relationships of Caiçara canoe makers and fishers with the forest and with other community members. This article contributes to a growing body of knowledge to protect elements of Caiçara identity, including initiatives to help maintain canoes, canoe making, and the people involved with them.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45904496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Night Soil: Origins, Discontinuities, and Opportunities for Bridging the Metabolic Rift 夜土:起源,不连续性,和桥梁代谢裂谷的机会
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-07-18 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1351
Nicholas C. Kawa, Yang Ding, J. Kingsbury, K. Goldberg, Forbes Lipschitz, M. Scherer, Fatuma Bonkiye
For millennia, people have relied on human excrement or “night soil” as a source of agricultural fertilization. Following industrialization, however, the use of this resource became considerably limited. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the historical use of human excreta for agricultural application at varying scales of management, from early Amazonian farming middens to regional networks of night soil trade in imperial China. We then draw attention to the factors that led to the discontinuation of night soil usage during industrialization, placing focus on the “culture of flushing” that developed along with the adoption of the hydraulic sanitation system. To conclude, we consider how improved management of human excreta in the contemporary world can have important consequences for agricultural production, despite the ongoing challenges posed by what Marxian scholars refer to as the metabolic rift—the disruption of the earth’s socio-ecological cycles brought on by industrial capitalism.
几千年来,人们一直依靠人类粪便或“夜土”作为农业施肥的来源。然而,在工业化之后,这种资源的利用变得相当有限。在这篇文章中,我们简要概述了人类排泄物在不同管理规模下用于农业应用的历史,从早期的亚马逊农场到中国帝国时期的夜间土壤贸易区域网络。然后,我们将注意力集中在工业化过程中导致夜间土壤使用中断的因素上,重点放在随着液压卫生系统的采用而发展起来的“冲洗文化”上。综上所述,我们考虑了当代世界人类排泄物管理的改善如何对农业生产产生重要影响,尽管马克思主义学者称之为“代谢裂缝”——工业资本主义带来的地球社会生态循环的破坏——带来了持续的挑战。
{"title":"Night Soil: Origins, Discontinuities, and Opportunities for Bridging the Metabolic Rift","authors":"Nicholas C. Kawa, Yang Ding, J. Kingsbury, K. Goldberg, Forbes Lipschitz, M. Scherer, Fatuma Bonkiye","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1351","url":null,"abstract":"For millennia, people have relied on human excrement or “night soil” as a source of agricultural fertilization. Following industrialization, however, the use of this resource became considerably limited. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the historical use of human excreta for agricultural application at varying scales of management, from early Amazonian farming middens to regional networks of night soil trade in imperial China. We then draw attention to the factors that led to the discontinuation of night soil usage during industrialization, placing focus on the “culture of flushing” that developed along with the adoption of the hydraulic sanitation system. To conclude, we consider how improved management of human excreta in the contemporary world can have important consequences for agricultural production, despite the ongoing challenges posed by what Marxian scholars refer to as the metabolic rift—the disruption of the earth’s socio-ecological cycles brought on by industrial capitalism.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Fermentation and the Ethnobiology of Microbial Entanglement 发酵与微生物缠结的民族生物学
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-07-18 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1481
A. Flachs, Joseph D. Orkin
Fermentation preserves and transforms foods through autochthonous or introduced microorganisms. Fermentation is of special interest to ethnobiologists because it relies on place- and practice-based knowledge, local flora and microbial taxa, is sensitive to cultural and ecological conditions, and illuminates the interactions through which communities shape and are shaped by the world around them. In this short topical review, we discuss recent anthropological and ethnobiological research into fermentation, arguing that this topic deserves further attention during the current moment of microbial interest across social and natural sciences. We present a typology of scholarship on human-microbial relationships that delineates three intellectual camps in this literature: neo-cultural ecology, microbiopolitics, and the environmental humanities. In light of biomedical and scientific attention to microbes—not only as threats but also as complex and beneficial actors in our lives—it is crucial to understand how socioecological practices including growing, preparing, and consuming fermented foods sustain microbial communities, heritage foodways, and human wellbeing. 
发酵通过本地或引入的微生物保存和转化食物。民族生物学家对发酵特别感兴趣,因为它依赖于基于地点和实践的知识、当地植物群和微生物分类群,对文化和生态条件敏感,并阐明了社区形成和被周围世界塑造的相互作用。在这篇简短的专题综述中,我们讨论了最近对发酵的人类学和民族生物学研究,认为在当前社会和自然科学对微生物感兴趣的时刻,这个主题值得进一步关注。我们提出了一种关于人类与微生物关系的学术类型,在这篇文献中描绘了三个知识阵营:新文化生态学、微生物政治学和环境人文学科。鉴于生物医学和科学界对微生物的关注——微生物不仅是我们生活中的威胁,也是复杂而有益的参与者——了解包括种植、准备和食用发酵食品在内的社会生态实践如何维持微生物群落、传统饮食方式和人类福祉至关重要。
{"title":"Fermentation and the Ethnobiology of Microbial Entanglement","authors":"A. Flachs, Joseph D. Orkin","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1481","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation preserves and transforms foods through autochthonous or introduced microorganisms. Fermentation is of special interest to ethnobiologists because it relies on place- and practice-based knowledge, local flora and microbial taxa, is sensitive to cultural and ecological conditions, and illuminates the interactions through which communities shape and are shaped by the world around them. In this short topical review, we discuss recent anthropological and ethnobiological research into fermentation, arguing that this topic deserves further attention during the current moment of microbial interest across social and natural sciences. We present a typology of scholarship on human-microbial relationships that delineates three intellectual camps in this literature: neo-cultural ecology, microbiopolitics, and the environmental humanities. In light of biomedical and scientific attention to microbes—not only as threats but also as complex and beneficial actors in our lives—it is crucial to understand how socioecological practices including growing, preparing, and consuming fermented foods sustain microbial communities, heritage foodways, and human wellbeing. ","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Phytomedicinal Knowledge and “Official” Sources in Tatev (Armenia) Tatev(亚美尼亚)的植物医学知识和“官方”来源
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-06-02 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1266
R. Hovsepyan, N. Stepanyan-Gandilyan, Christian Stollberg
Ethnographic investigations in the villages of the Tatev community in southern Armenia reveal the positive attitude of the local community toward “official” sources (e.g., printed books, administrative officials, and people of higher education) on herbal medicine and the belittling of their own traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Although this may be a global phenomenon, we observe and discuss particular reasons specific to the post-Soviet context as conditioned by politics and propaganda. Nowadays, the local population gather and use a minimum of forty wild plants (ethnotaxa) mostly for nutritional, medicinal, and aromatic (tea and flavoring) purposes. Biological species of the traditionally used medicinal plants of the Tatev community were identified, and preparation methods and purposes of the herbal remedies were recorded. The most frequently and traditionally used medicinal plants of the Tatev community belong to these genera: Mentha, Thymus, Ziziphora, Hypericum, Knautia, Arctium, Plantago, Tanacetum, Rosa, and Sambucus.
对亚美尼亚南部Tatev社区村庄的民族志调查显示,当地社区对草药的“官方”来源(如印刷书籍、行政官员和受过高等教育的人)持积极态度,并贬低他们自己的传统民族植物学知识。尽管这可能是一种全球性现象,但我们观察并讨论了后苏联背景下政治和宣传所特有的特殊原因。如今,当地人口聚集并使用至少40种野生植物(民族分类群),主要用于营养、药用和芳香(茶和香料)目的。鉴定了塔捷夫群落传统药用植物的生物种类,并记录了草药的制备方法和用途。塔捷夫群落中最常用和传统使用的药用植物属于以下属:薄荷属、百里香属、紫丁香属、金丝桃属、牛蒡属、车前草属、田菁属、蔷薇属和桑布香属。
{"title":"Phytomedicinal Knowledge and “Official” Sources in Tatev (Armenia)","authors":"R. Hovsepyan, N. Stepanyan-Gandilyan, Christian Stollberg","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1266","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnographic investigations in the villages of the Tatev community in southern Armenia reveal the positive attitude of the local community toward “official” sources (e.g., printed books, administrative officials, and people of higher education) on herbal medicine and the belittling of their own traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Although this may be a global phenomenon, we observe and discuss particular reasons specific to the post-Soviet context as conditioned by politics and propaganda. Nowadays, the local population gather and use a minimum of forty wild plants (ethnotaxa) mostly for nutritional, medicinal, and aromatic (tea and flavoring) purposes. Biological species of the traditionally used medicinal plants of the Tatev community were identified, and preparation methods and purposes of the herbal remedies were recorded. The most frequently and traditionally used medicinal plants of the Tatev community belong to these genera: Mentha, Thymus, Ziziphora, Hypericum, Knautia, Arctium, Plantago, Tanacetum, Rosa, and Sambucus.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Linguistic Influence on Russian and American Ethnobiological Categorization 语言对俄罗斯和美国民族生物学分类的影响
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-05-30 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1497
Justin M. Nolan, Aina Zaresheva, Michael C. Robbins
In the Russian language, nouns are classified by gender and animacy, whereas in English, nouns are not. Using triad-sorts of names for biological and non-biological taxa, a comparison of results provided by native speakers of both languages reveals that cognitive categorizations of animate and inanimate nomenclatural forms differ significantly between speakers of Russian and American English. Speakers of American English appear to categorize names for living nouns more by phenotype than do Russians, who in turn appear to classify nouns more frequently on the basis of linguistic features such as gender. These results are believed to be pertinent to the elicitation and construction of folk ethnobiology taxonomies.
在俄语中,名词是按性别和动物性来分类的,而在英语中,名词则不是这样。使用三种类型的生物和非生物分类群的名称,比较两种语言的母语人士提供的结果表明,有生命和无生命的命名形式的认知分类在俄罗斯和美国英语之间存在显著差异。说美式英语的人似乎比俄罗斯人更倾向于用表现型来给活名词分类,而俄罗斯人则更倾向于用性别等语言特征来给名词分类。这些结果被认为与民间民族生物学分类的启发和构建有关。
{"title":"Linguistic Influence on Russian and American Ethnobiological Categorization","authors":"Justin M. Nolan, Aina Zaresheva, Michael C. Robbins","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1497","url":null,"abstract":"In the Russian language, nouns are classified by gender and animacy, whereas in English, nouns are not. Using triad-sorts of names for biological and non-biological taxa, a comparison of results provided by native speakers of both languages reveals that cognitive categorizations of animate and inanimate nomenclatural forms differ significantly between speakers of Russian and American English. Speakers of American English appear to categorize names for living nouns more by phenotype than do Russians, who in turn appear to classify nouns more frequently on the basis of linguistic features such as gender. These results are believed to be pertinent to the elicitation and construction of folk ethnobiology taxonomies.","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44985591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Midwives and Mothers: The Medicalization of Childbirth on a Guatemalan Plantation. By Sheila Cosminsky. 2016. University of Texas Press, Austin. 303 pp. 助产士和母亲:危地马拉种植园分娩的医学化。作者:Sheila Cosminsky。2016年,德克萨斯大学出版社,奥斯汀。303页。
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2019-04-17 DOI: 10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1264
Amanda M. Thiel, Marsha B. Quinlan
{"title":"Midwives and Mothers: The Medicalization of Childbirth on a Guatemalan Plantation. By Sheila Cosminsky. 2016. University of Texas Press, Austin. 303 pp.","authors":"Amanda M. Thiel, Marsha B. Quinlan","doi":"10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14237/EBL.10.1.2019.1264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43787,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Ethnobiology Letters
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1