Pub Date : 2017-07-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100004
P. Gonzalez
Este articulo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la colaboracion que realizo Vicente Lombardo Toledano como presidente de la Confederacion de Trabajadores de America Latina (CTAL), para concretar la unidad del proletariado en Cuba, en enero de 1939, instaurandose la Confederacion de Trabajadores de Cuba (CTC). Ademas, en la isla tambien se trazaron las primeras acciones sindicales de la CTAL para el continente durante la celebracion, en noviembre-diciembre de 1939, de la Conferencia Americana del Trabajo, patrocinada por la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). Ambas instancias marcaron un precedente para la realidad obrera continental, pues se inicio un fortalecimiento de las organizaciones obreras existentes y se desarrollaron acciones conducentes a formar confederaciones unitarias de trabajadores en otros paises de la region. El papel de la CTAL es propender a la unidad obrera continental, y sus primeras tareas sindicales que se proyectaron para el proletariado de America Latina no han sido estudiadas por la historiografia obrera, cuestion que en este articulo consideramos una contribucion necesaria para reinterpretar la historia de la clase obrera durante este periodo.
{"title":"Desplazando a las “fuerzas retardatarias”. La Confederación de Trabajadores de América Latina y sus primeras acciones sindicales en Cuba, 1938-1939","authors":"P. Gonzalez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la colaboracion que realizo Vicente Lombardo Toledano como presidente de la Confederacion de Trabajadores de America Latina (CTAL), para concretar la unidad del proletariado en Cuba, en enero de 1939, instaurandose la Confederacion de Trabajadores de Cuba (CTC). Ademas, en la isla tambien se trazaron las primeras acciones sindicales de la CTAL para el continente durante la celebracion, en noviembre-diciembre de 1939, de la Conferencia Americana del Trabajo, patrocinada por la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). Ambas instancias marcaron un precedente para la realidad obrera continental, pues se inicio un fortalecimiento de las organizaciones obreras existentes y se desarrollaron acciones conducentes a formar confederaciones unitarias de trabajadores en otros paises de la region. El papel de la CTAL es propender a la unidad obrera continental, y sus primeras tareas sindicales que se proyectaron para el proletariado de America Latina no han sido estudiadas por la historiografia obrera, cuestion que en este articulo consideramos una contribucion necesaria para reinterpretar la historia de la clase obrera durante este periodo.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75663371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100008
S. Mir
El objetivo de este articulo es analizar la experiencia de un grupo de militantes comunistas que debieron exiliarse en Mexico por causa de la Ley por la Defensa Permanente de la Democracia impulsada por el presidente Gabriel Gonzalez Videla en 1948. A lo largo del texto se describen las actividades y problemas que encontraron para desarrollar sus practicas politicas en el emergente escenario de la Guerra Fria en America Latina. Para desarrollar la investigacion se consultaron archivos y hemerografia en Chile, Mexico y Guatemala. Entre los principales resultados de este trabajo se encuentra el analisis de una politica recursiva de exclusion de los disidentes por parte del Estado chileno, ademas de un cuestionamiento a la forma en que han sido evaluados los procesos puestos en marcha en dicha coyuntura historica.
{"title":"El otro exilio chileno en México y Guatemala, 1948-1951. Militancia transnacional en los orígenes de la Guerra Fría","authors":"S. Mir","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100008","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este articulo es analizar la experiencia de un grupo de militantes comunistas que debieron exiliarse en Mexico por causa de la Ley por la Defensa Permanente de la Democracia impulsada por el presidente Gabriel Gonzalez Videla en 1948. A lo largo del texto se describen las actividades y problemas que encontraron para desarrollar sus practicas politicas en el emergente escenario de la Guerra Fria en America Latina. Para desarrollar la investigacion se consultaron archivos y hemerografia en Chile, Mexico y Guatemala. Entre los principales resultados de este trabajo se encuentra el analisis de una politica recursiva de exclusion de los disidentes por parte del Estado chileno, ademas de un cuestionamiento a la forma en que han sido evaluados los procesos puestos en marcha en dicha coyuntura historica.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76086713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100003
Jael Goldsmith Weil
Since the early 20 th century, Chile has responded to high indices of infant mortality and malnutrition with programs that distribute milk to families in exchange for their maintenance of a preventative healthcare program. This article outlines the background and extent of these efforts, tracking their institutionalization from charitable initiatives to a universal right as of 1954. During the government of Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964-1970) in the context of a progressive communitarian health project, local clinic workers would go door-to-door recruiting mothers to become beneficiaries. For many women, neither formal workers nor habitual voters, these encounters were their first with the state. The article relies on site-intensive research and in-depth interviews with experts, service providers and families to trace how state expansion was experienced at the local level.
{"title":"Milk Makes State: The Extension and Implementation of Chile’s State Milk Programs, 1901-1971","authors":"Jael Goldsmith Weil","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100003","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 20 th century, Chile has responded to high indices of infant mortality and malnutrition with programs that distribute milk to families in exchange for their maintenance of a preventative healthcare program. This article outlines the background and extent of these efforts, tracking their institutionalization from charitable initiatives to a universal right as of 1954. During the government of Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964-1970) in the context of a progressive communitarian health project, local clinic workers would go door-to-door recruiting mothers to become beneficiaries. For many women, neither formal workers nor habitual voters, these encounters were their first with the state. The article relies on site-intensive research and in-depth interviews with experts, service providers and families to trace how state expansion was experienced at the local level.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90977813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100006
Rafael Pedemonte
Based on a diverse variety of sources, including archival materials, interviews and news- papers, this article seeks to demonstrate that the Cuban Revolution was not from the outset a project inspired by an “orthodox” communism. Close ties with the USSR led to doubts and theoretical debates (encouraged by Che Guevara’s thesis: “foquismo”) in a country where many feared a passive integration in the socialist sphere. Intense controversies erupted within the intellectual milieu during the 1960s (like the “manual controversy” in 1966), reflecting divergent sensibilities regarding “things Soviet” and differing ideas about the role of artists and the avant-gardes in a revolutionary society. The “normalization” of Cuban-Soviet relationships, noticeable at the end of the decade, was only possible after a long period of disagreements, apprehensions and doctrinal controversies.
{"title":"A tense and ambivalent relationship : the Cuban intellectual milieu before ‘the Soviet’ in the first revolutionary years (1959-1966) = Una relación tensa y ambivalente : el medio intelectual cubano ante 'lo soviético' en los primeros años revolucionarios (1959-1966)","authors":"Rafael Pedemonte","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100006","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a diverse variety of sources, including archival materials, interviews and news- papers, this article seeks to demonstrate that the Cuban Revolution was not from the outset a project inspired by an “orthodox” communism. Close ties with the USSR led to doubts and theoretical debates (encouraged by Che Guevara’s thesis: “foquismo”) in a country where many feared a passive integration in the socialist sphere. Intense controversies erupted within the intellectual milieu during the 1960s (like the “manual controversy” in 1966), reflecting divergent sensibilities regarding “things Soviet” and differing \u0000ideas about the role of artists and the avant-gardes in a revolutionary society. The “normalization” of Cuban-Soviet relationships, noticeable at the end of the decade, was only possible after a long period of disagreements, apprehensions and doctrinal controversies.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79558404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-05DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100009
V. Zarate
Este articulo evalua la reestructuracion del Estado chileno en materia coercitiva en la decada de 1920, especificamente lo referido a los cambios referidos a los derechos ciudadanos y el control social. La hipotesis sostiene que hubo una reformulacion de los dispositivos coercitivos a partir de 1918, pues la democratizacion social fue percibida como insuficiente para reponer la dominacion, la cual busco disciplinar al mundo laboral, castigar a los elementos politicos mas disruptivos y ampliar el control socio-politico del Estado, ya que no existia verdadero consenso en torno a las reformas sociales.
{"title":"“Los tengo plenamente identificados”: Seguridad interna y control social en Chile, 1918-1925","authors":"V. Zarate","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100009","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo evalua la reestructuracion del Estado chileno en materia coercitiva en la decada de 1920, especificamente lo referido a los cambios referidos a los derechos ciudadanos y el control social. La hipotesis sostiene que hubo una reformulacion de los dispositivos coercitivos a partir de 1918, pues la democratizacion social fue percibida como insuficiente para reponer la dominacion, la cual busco disciplinar al mundo laboral, castigar a los elementos politicos mas disruptivos y ampliar el control socio-politico del Estado, ya que no existia verdadero consenso en torno a las reformas sociales.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76496235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100022
Nicolás Girón Zúñiga
{"title":"Christoph Rosenmüller y Stephan Ruderer (eds.),[title language=\"es\"]\"Dádivas, dones y dineros\" Aportes a una nueva historia de la corrupción en América Latina desde el imperio español a la modernidad","authors":"Nicolás Girón Zúñiga","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81615492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100021
Pedro Iacobelli
{"title":"Fernando Purcell, ¡Muchos extranjeros para mi gusto! Mexicanos, chilenos e irlandeses en la construcción de California, 1848-1880","authors":"Pedro Iacobelli","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81289494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100017
W. Delgado
{"title":"Joaquín Fernández Abara, Regionalismo, liberalismo y rebelión: Copiapó en la Guerra Civil de 1859","authors":"W. Delgado","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83589139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942017000100020
L. Enríquez
{"title":"Mérito, venalidad y corrupción en España y América. Siglos XVII y XVIII","authors":"L. Enríquez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942017000100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942017000100020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86424514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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