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Para construir, comerciar y ¿proteger? La explotación del bosque caducifolio del llano en el antiguo departamento de Imperial (Región de la Araucanía), 1867 -1920 建造、交易和保护?1867 -1920年帝国省(araucania地区)低地落叶林的开发
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200477
Matías González Marilicán, Fernando Torrejón Godoy
The timber exploitation in the department of Imperial between 1867 and 1920 is analysed for the first time, taking into account the causes of this exploitation, the form in which the wood was harvested, and the environmental consequences of this activity. Primary sources (records and writings from travellers government officials and naturalists, among others) and secondary sources (primarily historical, archaeological and paleo-environmental studies) were analysed for this purpose. The results show that a) the forest was exploited due to constructive, ideological, and profit related motives, b) the wood was extracted using traditional methods, for example, by hand and with the aid of oxen, and c) the destruction of the forest lead to the loss of biodiversity, to micro-climatic changes and to the unusual flooding of rivers, due to riverbed silting, as a result of the deforestation.
本文首次分析了1867年至1920年间帝国学院的木材开采情况,考虑了这种开采的原因、木材采伐的形式以及这种活动对环境的影响。为此目的分析了主要来源(旅行者、政府官员和博物学家的记录和著作等)和次要来源(主要是历史、考古和古环境研究)。结果表明:a)森林的开发是出于建设性的、意识形态的和与利益相关的动机;b)木材是用传统的方法提取的,例如,手工和牛的帮助;c)森林的破坏导致生物多样性的丧失,导致小气候变化,以及由于森林砍伐导致河床淤积而导致河流异常泛滥。
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引用次数: 0
La ocupación sonora de una ciudad irregular y los “trovadores de la tierra” en Asunción colonial (Paraguay, siglos XVI-XVII) 在asuncion殖民时期(巴拉圭,16 - 17世纪),声音占领了一个不规则的城市和“大地的行吟诗人”
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200407
Laura Fahrenkrog
The musical practices of Hispanic origin that arose in Spanish-American colonial cities, whether in the institutional sphere or in everyday life, were determined by the initial social conformation and the spatial and infrastructure development of cities. This article aims to present how some of these practices were established in Asuncion, Paraguay, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, taking into account the socio-cultural and physical structure of the city to question the existent tension between models, regulations and their adaptations in complex and distant scenarios such as the one studied. In the framework of Cultural Urban History, and through the analysis of Council records and judicial processes, among others, the musical negotiations that affected the soundscape of the city in public and private festive contexts are addressed.
西班牙裔美国人的音乐实践起源于西班牙裔美国殖民地城市,无论是在制度领域还是在日常生活中,都是由最初的社会形态以及城市的空间和基础设施发展决定的。本文旨在展示这些实践是如何在16世纪和17世纪在巴拉圭亚松森建立起来的,同时考虑到城市的社会文化和物理结构,质疑模式、法规及其在复杂和遥远场景中的适应性之间存在的紧张关系。在城市文化历史的框架下,通过对议会记录和司法程序的分析,在公共和私人节日环境中影响城市音景的音乐谈判得到了解决。
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引用次数: 0
Un enclave de indignidad. La fuga de Wolfgang Müller y los primeros años de Colonia Dignidad en Chile (1961-1966) 一个侮辱的飞地。沃尔夫冈muller的赋格与智利尊严殖民地的早期(1961-1966)
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200661
T. Villarroel
Colonia Dignidad is usually associated with the period of the military dictatorship and the subsequent era of democratic governments. In this article, however, we analyze the origins of Colonia Dignidad dating back to its establishment in Chile in 1961. Based on German and Chilean documentary sources, we argue that the drastic isolation of the Colonia and its regime of the forced seclusion of its members, led to the development of a sectarian community. The escape of an underage youth, in 1966, demonstrates that the systematic violation of human rights was a constitutive element of the enclave controlled by Paul Schafer from its very beginning. Additionally, we study how the Colonia Dignidad phenomena interacted with the German and Chilean states and from the perspective of the historical period in which it emerged.
尊严殖民地通常与军事独裁时期和随后的民主政府时代联系在一起。然而,在本文中,我们分析了尊严殖民地的起源,可以追溯到1961年在智利成立。根据德国和智利的文献资料,我们认为,殖民地的严重孤立及其政权强迫其成员与世隔绝,导致了一个宗派社区的发展。1966年一名未成年青年的逃跑表明,有系统地侵犯人权从一开始就是保罗·谢弗控制的飞地的一个构成因素。此外,我们研究了尊严殖民地现象如何与德国和智利国家相互作用,并从其出现的历史时期的角度。
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引用次数: 1
“Nacional y Popular”: Vínculos y transferencias entre la Revolución boliviana y el ibañismo, 1952-1956 “国家与人民”:玻利维亚革命与伊比利亚主义之间的联系与转移,1952-1956
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200337
O. Avendaño, María José Henríquez
This article addresses the Chilean receptiveness to the Bolivian revolution during Ibanez’s second administration (1952-1958) based on the histoire croisee approach and the concept of transfer. It shows that the Bolivian revolution, which erupted in April 1952, exerted influence and aroused interest in the main organizations that supported the Ibanez’s administration. The revolution was characterized by the massive participation of various sectors of Bolivian society, as well as by the nationalization of tin mining and the agrarian reform. At the same time, Ibanista organizations in Chile attracted by the national - populism underlying the Bolivian revolution, even proposing the need to try implementing procedures and initiatives adopted by the government of Paz Estenssoro.
本文基于历史方法和转移概念,探讨了智利在伊巴涅斯第二任政府(1952-1958)期间对玻利维亚革命的接受程度。它表明,1952年4月爆发的玻利维亚革命对支持伊巴涅斯政府的主要组织产生了影响,并引起了他们的兴趣。革命的特点是玻利维亚社会各阶层的大规模参与,以及锡矿的国有化和土地改革。与此同时,智利的伊班尼斯塔组织被玻利维亚革命背后的民族民粹主义所吸引,甚至提出有必要尝试执行帕斯·埃斯滕索罗政府采用的程序和倡议。
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引用次数: 0
Sociedad, raza, educación y movilidad social: Colegio Real y Seminario Conciliar San Carlos Borromeo y Sacerdotes en Cartagena de Indias (1750-1810) 社会、种族、教育和社会流动性:卡塔赫纳德印第亚斯圣卡洛斯博罗梅奥和牧师皇家学院和神学院(1750-1810)
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200631
S. Solano D., Muriel Vanegas Beltrán, Roicer Flórez Bolívar
espanolEste articulo analiza las aspiraciones de familias de blancos y de libres de color de condicion social media por lograr reconocimiento social a traves de los estudios eclesiasticos y del ejercicio del sacerdocio en la Cartagena de Indias entre 1750 y 1810. Con base en fuentes primarias provenientes del Archivo General de la Nacion (Colombia), del Archivo General de Simancas y del Archivo de la Real Chancilleria de Valladolid (Espana), se estudia la creacion y el funcionamiento del Colegio Seminario Conciliar San Carlos Borromeo, asi como las aspiraciones de esas familias por acceder a la educacion en un contexto en el que predominaban las tensiones y los privilegios jerarquizados por razones raciales y estamentales. Se demuestra como en la Cartagena de fines de la Colonia las presiones y conflictos sociales externos abrieron algunos espacios en las instituciones (iglesia y milicias) para que esos sectores medios se posicionaran, y como esas instituciones encauzaron esas demandas para no permitir que las presiones se tradujeran en expresiones desafiantes para el orden social, negociando cierta movilidad social dentro de los canales institucionales. EnglishThis article analyzes the aspirations of middle-income white and freed black families to achieve social recognition through ecclesiastical studies and entering the priesthood in Cartagena de Indias between 1750 and 1810. Based on primary sources from the General Archive of the Nation (Colombia), from the General Archive of Simancas, and from the Archive of the Royal Chancery of Valladolid (Spain), this article studies the creation and operation of the seminary of San Carlos Borromeo, as well as the aspirations of these families to access education in a context in which tensions and hierarchical privileges prevailed for racial and stationary reasons. It is shown how in Cartagena at the end of the Colonial period the external pressures and social conflicts opened spaces in institutions (church and militias) so that those middle sectors could position themselves, and how those institutions channeled those demands to not allow the pressures to be translated into challenges directed to the social order, negotiating a certain social mobility within institutional channels.
本文分析了1750年至1810年间卡塔赫纳德印第亚斯的教会研究和牧师实践中白人和自由有色人种家庭获得社会认可的愿望。基于第一手来源来自总文件Nacion Simancas先生(哥伦比亚),总文件和文件的皇家Chancilleria(西班牙)、研究创作和运作的大学名神学院学生圣卡洛斯(中文名,就是期望这些家庭访问,相信我,在一个背景主要种族和estamentales紧张和特权范式的原因。年底得到证明在卡塔赫纳外部压力和社会冲突开辟殖民地一些机构空间(教堂和民兵),这些行业媒体的定位,当这些机构前年这些要求,不允许表达式中的压力得到一定的社会秩序,促进社会流动渠道体制内。这篇文章分析了中等收入的白人和自由的黑人家庭通过教会研究和在1750年至1810年期间在卡塔赫纳德印第亚斯担任牧师而获得社会承认的愿望。依据初级来源from the General Archive of the Nation Simancas先生(哥伦比亚),from the General Archive of, and from the Archive of the Royal Chancery的(Spain),这条研究the creation and operation of the seminary of圣卡洛斯(中文名,as well as the aspirations of这些家人to access in a context in which地方教育和hierarchical京都prevailed for racial and选样分析原因。It is卡塔赫纳日内瓦how in at the end of the period external pressures及社会冲突殖民opened spaces in机构(church and militias) middle部门的人可以为自己定位,在和这些机构如何channeled人征询to not allow the pressures to be translated into挑战杜加德to the扰乱社会谈判一定社会mobility,体制内渠道。
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引用次数: 1
Geopolítica americana a escala global. El estrecho de Magallanes y su condición de “pasaje-mundo” en el siglo XVI 美国在全球范围内的地缘政治。麦哲伦海峡及其在16世纪“世界通道”的地位
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200521
Mauricio Onetto Pavez
The article analyzes the classifications assigned to the Strait of Magellan in the political-territorial configuration of the New World during the sixteenth century and related global dynamics happening at the time. The text is divided into three parts. The first is a theoretical reading of the historiographic problems and the temporalities surrounding the discovery of the Strait, which led to its identification as a “world-passage.” The second examines the facts, actors and territorialities that consolidated it as a geopolitical reference point between 1520 and 1560. And, finally, the third studies the variations in its strategic importance in the period between 1560-1580, variations that reveal its role in delineating, synchronizing and speculating on a series of continental issues that affected simultaneously local and global spaces.
本文分析了麦哲伦海峡在16世纪新大陆政治-领土格局中的分类,以及当时发生的相关全球动态。全文分为三个部分。第一部分是对海峡发现的史学问题和时代性的理论解读,这导致了海峡被认定为“世界通道”。第二部分考察了在1520年至1560年间巩固其作为地缘政治参考点的事实、角色和领土。最后,第三部分研究了其在1560-1580年间战略重要性的变化,这些变化揭示了它在描绘、同步和推测一系列同时影响本地和全球空间的大陆问题方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Estos rotos, Señor, lo que piden son garantías. Movimientos sociales, represión y muerte obrera en Atacama.(Taltal, 1900-1910) 这些破碎的,先生,他们要求的是保证。阿塔卡马的社会运动、镇压和工人死亡。(Taltal 1900-1910)
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200437
Milton Godoy Orellana
This article analyzes the articulation process of the labor movement that occurred in the southern sector of the Atacama Desert. A historical phenomenon scarcely studied which contributes to the understanding of the period regarding the capitalist and business advancement in the region. It studies the economic and social situation of the first decade of the twentieth century, focusing on the workers’ situation and the articulation of a set of demands aimed at improving their working conditions and their responses when these rights were violated. This action resulted in the configuration of a solid social movement that, through the working press, strikes, and rallies represented their demands in the public space, involving the local community and provoking repression by the authorities that resulted in persecution, exile and death.
本文分析了发生在阿塔卡马沙漠南部地区的工人运动的衔接过程。这是一种很少被研究的历史现象,有助于理解该地区资本主义和商业发展的时期。它研究了二十世纪头十年的经济和社会状况,重点是工人的状况和旨在改善他们的工作条件的一系列要求的表达,以及他们在这些权利受到侵犯时的反应。这一行动形成了一个坚实的社会运动,通过报刊、罢工和集会代表了他们在公共空间的要求,使当地社区参与其中,并招致当局的镇压,导致迫害、流放和死亡。
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引用次数: 0
La Democracia Cristiana chilena ante el “dilema cubano”: Una historia de seducción y rupturas en clave transnacional (1956-1967) 面对“古巴困境”的智利基督教民主:跨国诱惑与破裂的历史(1956-1967)
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200561
Rafael Pedemonte
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引用次数: 1
Economía política clásica y pauperismo: Debates maltusianos en Chile en el siglo XIX
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200375
Juan Pablo Couyoumdjian
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引用次数: 0
¡La cuestión social debe terminar! La dictadura de Carlos Ibáñez en clave populista, 1927-1931 社会问题必须结束!卡洛斯·ibanez的民粹主义独裁统治,1927-1931
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-71942020000200591
J. Vallejos
This article explores the feasibility of including the Military Dictatorship of General Carlos Ibanez del Campo (Chile, 1927-1931) among Latin America’s “classic” mid-twentieth century populist experiences. To that end, it focuses on its policies of labor legislation and working-class appeal, aimed at mitigating social conflicts through institutional co-optation and the expansion of State functions, invoking the restoration of a compromised “national unity.” It uses administrative and journalistic sources from the time and concludes that ibanista strategies managed to attract considerable popular support, thus making them comparable, in terms of both its aims and its results, to more extensively studied cases of “classic populism”.
本文探讨了将卡洛斯·伊巴涅斯·德尔·坎波将军(1927-1931年,智利)的军事独裁纳入拉丁美洲20世纪中期“经典”民粹主义经历的可行性。为此目的,它把重点放在劳工立法和工人阶级诉求的政策上,旨在通过机构合作和扩大国家职能来减轻社会冲突,呼吁恢复妥协的“民族团结”。它利用了当时的行政和新闻来源,得出结论认为,伊班尼斯塔的战略设法吸引了相当多的民众支持,因此,就其目标和结果而言,它们可与更广泛研究的“经典民粹主义”案例相比较。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Historia-Santiago
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