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Unveiling virtual chat group inclusiveness code of conduct by Nigerians 尼日利亚人公布虚拟聊天群包容性行为准则
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1108/jices-01-2021-0008
Ngozi Okpara
PurposeThis paper aims to unveil the general nature of virtual chat groups in multi-ethnic societies like Nigeria towards knowing whether and how diversity inclusiveness codes of conduct are encouraged and managed among virtual chat group participants.Design/methodology/approachData in this research was collected via five virtual focus groups of five to eight discussants each and was complemented by virtual field surveys. Responses were validated through verification of registered personal mobile phone numbers. Each design was implemented to cover Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. The research was broadly framed – according to the uses and gratification theory, social inclusion hypothesis and utilitarian theory of ethics.FindingsThe research shows how virtual chat groups can enhance understanding of diversities. However, virtual chat-group outcomes are better managed if anticipated gratifications are predictable and based on the utilization of stated conduct codes.Research limitations/implicationsGiven Nigeria’s vast population, the sample size for this study is not adequate nor systematic enough towards generalizations. However, the diverse background of focus group discussants enhances the vista for understanding inclusive virtual chats in diverse societies. Moreover, the instruments of research data collection were validated.Practical implicationsThis research points out that virtual chat groups’ codes of conduct are most effective when participants can anticipate collective gratifications. However, firmness and fairness in the implementation of code of conduct principles are essential for long-term virtual group chat sustenance.Social implicationsCode of conduct principles are essential for the long-term virtual chat group sustenance. When this is achieved, some of the social problems of Nigeria may be solved, and the social, ethnic and religious differences may not hinder the proper development of the country.Originality/valueThe research exposes the nature and role of virtual chat group communication inclusivity codes of conduct amidst participants’ demographic diversity.
本文旨在揭示像尼日利亚这样的多民族社会中虚拟聊天组的一般性质,以了解是否以及如何鼓励和管理虚拟聊天组参与者之间的多样性包容性行为准则。设计/方法/方法本研究中的数据通过五个虚拟焦点小组收集,每个小组由五至八名讨论者组成,并辅以虚拟实地调查。回答是通过验证注册的个人移动电话号码来验证的。每个设计都覆盖了尼日利亚的六个地缘政治区域。本研究的框架是广泛的——根据使用和满足理论、社会包容假说和功利主义的伦理学理论。研究结果表明,虚拟聊天群可以增进对多样性的理解。然而,如果预期的满足是可预测的,并且基于既定行为准则的利用,则虚拟聊天组的结果将得到更好的管理。研究局限性/意义鉴于尼日利亚庞大的人口,本研究的样本量不够,也不够系统,无法进行概括。然而,焦点小组讨论者的不同背景增强了对不同社会中包容性虚拟聊天的理解。此外,对研究数据收集工具进行了验证。实际意义这项研究指出,当参与者能够预期到集体满足感时,虚拟聊天群的行为准则是最有效的。然而,坚定和公平地执行行为准则原则对于虚拟群聊的长期维持至关重要。行为准则对于虚拟聊天群的长期维持至关重要。当实现这一点时,尼日利亚的一些社会问题可能得到解决,社会、种族和宗教分歧可能不会阻碍该国的适当发展。原创性/价值本研究揭示了虚拟聊天群沟通包容性行为准则在参与者人口多样性中的性质和作用。
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引用次数: 0
Adoption of blockchain technology in organizations: from morality, ethics and sustainability perspectives 区块链技术在组织中的应用:从道德、伦理和可持续性的角度
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1108/jices-03-2023-0039
Sheshadri Chatterjee, Ranjan Chaudhuri, D. Vrontis, Ajithkumar V.V
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how the adoption of blockchain technology can improve organizational sustainability and what are the contributions of morality, ethics and governance in this scenario.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used different literature and theories to build a successful theoretical model and then validated it using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach. Various statistical modeling analyses have been performed to test the robustness of the proposed model, which is found to be effective and unique as it has a high explanatory power.FindingsThis study has found that adoption of blockchain technology can improve the sustainability performance of organizations. It has also highlighted that organizational sustainability will be further enhanced if the underlying algorithms of blockchain technology are transparent to make the applications moral and ethical. This study has further demonstrated that appropriate governance of blockchain technology can support the organizations to enhance their sustainability performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study demonstrates the importance of an organization’s governance over blockchain technology and its impact on sustainability. The study provides valuable input to practitioners and policy makers regarding blockchain technology and its governance models. Also, the study provides valuable recommendations to leaders and managers of organizations on how to successfully adopt blockchain technology.Originality/valueThis study presents a unique theoretical model to explain the influence of the adoption of blockchain technology and an organization’s sustainability. The study also adds value to the overall body of literature in the areas of ethics, governance and blockchain technology along with sustainability.
本研究的目的是研究区块链技术的采用如何提高组织的可持续性,以及道德、伦理和治理在这种情况下的贡献。本研究利用不同的文献和理论建立了一个成功的理论模型,然后使用偏最小二乘结构方程建模方法对其进行验证。已经进行了各种统计建模分析来测试所提出模型的稳健性,发现该模型是有效和独特的,因为它具有很高的解释力。本研究发现,采用区块链技术可以提高组织的可持续性绩效。它还强调,如果区块链技术的底层算法透明,使应用合乎道德和伦理,则组织的可持续性将进一步增强。本研究进一步证明,适当的区块链技术治理可以支持组织提高其可持续发展绩效。研究局限/启示本研究证明了组织治理对bb0技术的重要性及其对可持续性的影响。该研究为实践者和政策制定者提供了有关区块链技术及其治理模型的宝贵信息。同时,本研究也为企业领导者和管理者如何成功采用区块链技术提供了有价值的建议。原创性/价值本研究提出了一个独特的理论模型来解释bb0技术的采用对组织可持续性的影响。该研究还为伦理、治理、区块链技术以及可持续性等领域的整体文献增加了价值。
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引用次数: 0
New social media nones: how and why Americans have changed their use of social media to consume political news 新的社交媒体问题:美国人如何以及为什么改变了他们使用社交媒体来消费政治新闻的方式
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1108/jices-04-2023-0052
D. Morris, Jonathan S. Morris
PurposeSocial media (SM) platforms have become major sources for generating, sharing and gathering political and election news. Although there appears to be an assumption that reliance on SM for political news consumption will continue to gain in popularity, there are reasons to believe that many Americans are retreating from using SM for political news. The purpose of this study is to examine if Americans are reducing reliance on SM for political news and to analyze why retreat may be happening.Design/methodology/approachUsing longitudinal panel data from Pew’s American Trends Panel study, the authors tracked 993 respondents from February of 2016 to November of 2019 to monitor their reliance on SM for political news leading up to the 2020 US presidential election.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that a sizeable percentage of people (about a third) are retreating from SM platforms for political news consumption and some are abandoning it altogether – people we refer to as new SM “nones.” The authors find that retreat from SM is associated with increased distrust of the information found on the platforms. Concerns about fake news, incivility on SM and information overload were unrelated to retreat from use of SM for political news consumption.Originality/valueThe findings of this study are novel and suggest that reliance on SM for political news by the public may have waxed, seen its zenith and may now be waning largely because of distrust in the information found on SM platforms.
社交媒体(SM)平台已经成为产生、分享和收集政治和选举新闻的主要来源。尽管似乎有一种假设认为,在政治新闻消费方面,对SM的依赖将继续得到普及,但有理由相信,许多美国人正在放弃使用SM来获取政治新闻。本研究的目的是检验美国人是否正在减少对政治新闻的SM依赖,并分析为什么会发生退缩。利用皮尤美国趋势小组研究的纵向面板数据,作者从2016年2月到2019年11月追踪了993名受访者,以监测他们在2020年美国总统大选前对SM政治新闻的依赖程度。这项研究的结果表明,相当大比例的人(约三分之一)正在退出SM平台,转而消费政治新闻,有些人甚至完全放弃了——我们把这些人称为新SM“无主”。作者发现,远离SM与对平台上发现的信息的不信任增加有关。对假新闻、短信不文明和信息超载的担忧与放弃使用短信进行政治新闻消费无关。独创性/价值这项研究的发现是新颖的,它表明公众对SM政治新闻的依赖可能已经上升,看到了它的顶峰,现在可能正在减弱,主要是因为对SM平台上发现的信息的不信任。
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引用次数: 0
How to program autonomous vehicle (AV) crash algorithms: an Islamic ethical perspective 如何编程自动驾驶汽车(AV)碰撞算法:伊斯兰伦理视角
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1108/jices-02-2023-0015
Ezieddin Elmahjub, Junaid Qadir
PurposeFully autonomous self-driving cars not only hold the potential for significant economic and environmental advantages but also introduce complex ethical dilemmas. One of the highly debated issues, known as the “trolley problems,” revolves around determining the appropriate actions for a self-driving car when faced with an unavoidable crash. Currently, the discourse on autonomous vehicle (AV) crash algorithms is primarily shaped by Western ethical traditions, resulting in a Eurocentric bias due to the dominant economic and political influence of the West. However, considering that AV technology will be deployed across diverse cultural and religious contexts, this paper aims to contribute to the discourse by providing an Islamic perspective on programming the response of AVs in the event of an imminent crash.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a novel methodology based on the Islamic concept of maṣlaḥa for the normative assessment of ethical decisions related to AV programming.FindingsDrawing upon the works of classic Islamic jurists, this study highlights two distinct normative visions within Islamic traditions (akin to deontology and consequentialism) concerning the preservation of human lives in the context of AVs. This study explores the shared and divergent elements between Islamic and Western ethical approaches proposed for AVs.Originality/valueThis pioneering work examines AV crash algorithms from an Islamic perspective, filling a void in the global ethical discourse. This work will also serve an important role to bridge the gap between the theoretical Islamic ethical principles and their practical application in the realm of AVs.
目的完全自动驾驶汽车不仅具有显著的经济和环境优势,而且会带来复杂的道德困境。其中一个备受争议的问题,被称为“电车问题”,围绕着确定自动驾驶汽车在面临不可避免的碰撞时的适当行动展开。目前,关于自动驾驶汽车(AV)碰撞算法的讨论主要受西方伦理传统的影响,由于西方的主导经济和政治影响,导致了以欧洲为中心的偏见。然而,考虑到AV技术将在不同的文化和宗教背景下部署,本文旨在通过提供一个伊斯兰视角来规划AV在即将发生崩溃时的反应,从而为讨论做出贡献。设计/方法论/方法论本研究提出了一种基于伊斯兰马概念的新方法论ṣlaḥa用于对与AV节目相关的道德决策进行规范性评估。发现借鉴经典伊斯兰法学家的著作,本研究强调了伊斯兰传统中关于在AVs背景下保护人类生命的两种不同的规范性愿景(类似于义务论和后果主义)。本研究探讨了为AV提出的伊斯兰和西方伦理方法之间的共同和分歧因素。Originality/value这项开创性的工作从伊斯兰的角度研究了AV崩溃算法,填补了全球伦理话语中的空白。这项工作还将发挥重要作用,弥合伊斯兰伦理理论原则与其在AVs领域的实际应用之间的差距。
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引用次数: 1
Dark side of blockchain technology adoption in SMEs: an Indian perspective 中小企业采用区块链技术的黑暗面:印度视角
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1108/jices-02-2023-0020
Arunkumar O.N., Divya D., Jikku Susan Kurian
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the dark side of blockchain technology (BCT) adoption in small and mid-size enterprises. The focus of the authors is to decode the intricate relationship among the selected variables missing in the existing literature.Design/methodology/approachA focused group approach is initiated by the authors to identify the barriers. Total interpretive structural modeling, Matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment, that is, matrix multiplication applied to classification and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory are used to analyze the complex relationships among identified barriers.FindingsThis study finds that implementation of BCT reduces maintenance cost by withdrawing manual effort, as BCT has better capability to quantify the internal status of the system (observability characteristic). The observability characteristic of BCT provides high compatibility to the system. This study also finds that the compatibility of BCT with the organization reduces implementation cost and facilitates project management. The findings of this study recommend analyzing maintenance cost and compatibility of BCT before implementing it. Small and mid-size enterprises can select complex BCT depending on the sophistication level of IT usage and IT project management capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsThis study comes with various limitations, where the model developed by the authors may not be conclusive, as it is based exclusively on expert opinion. The samples collected may not help in validating the model statistically. Though the model has its limitations, it can still be considered as a nascent initiative for further investigation using structural equation modeling.Originality/valueThe outcomes of the theoretical and managerial contributions of the study can be categorized into three levels. This study can be used both by the industrialists and researchers to understand the barriers and the recovery methods thereafter. Suggestions that serve as future directives are also discussed by the authors.
目的本文的目的是了解中小型企业采用区块链技术(BCT)的黑暗面。作者的重点是解码现有文献中缺失的选定变量之间的复杂关系。设计/方法论/方法由作者发起以小组为重点的方法来识别障碍。总体解释性结构建模,Matrice d’impacts croisés乘法应用于分类,即矩阵乘法应用于分级和决策试验和评估实验室,用于分析已识别障碍之间的复杂关系。发现本研究发现,由于BCT具有更好的量化系统内部状态(可观察性特征)的能力,因此BCT的实施通过减少人工工作来降低维护成本。BCT的可观测性特性为系统提供了很高的兼容性。本研究还发现,BCT与组织的兼容性降低了实施成本,促进了项目管理。这项研究的结果建议在实施BCT之前分析其维护成本和兼容性。中小型企业可以根据it使用的复杂程度和it项目管理能力选择复杂的BCT。研究局限性/含义这项研究有各种局限性,作者开发的模型可能不是决定性的,因为它完全基于专家意见。所收集的样本可能无助于对模型进行统计验证。尽管该模型有其局限性,但它仍然可以被视为使用结构方程建模进行进一步研究的一项新举措。原创性/价值研究的理论和管理贡献的结果可以分为三个层次。工业家和研究人员都可以利用这项研究来了解障碍和此后的恢复方法。作者还讨论了作为未来指示的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Privacy and anti-surveillance advocacy: the role/challenge of issue salience 隐私和反监视倡导:问题突出性的作用/挑战
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/jices-05-2023-0070
S. Oduro-Marfo
PurposeThe proliferation of surveillance-enhancing laws, policies and technologies across African countries deepens the risk of privacy rights breaches, as well as the risks of adverse profiling and social sorting. There is a heightened need for dedicated advocacy and activism to consistently demand accountability and transparency from African states, governments and their allies regarding surveillance. The purpose of this paper is to understand the issue frames that accompany anti-surveillance and privacy advocacy in Ghana and the related implications.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative and interpretivist approach, the author focuses on three different surveillance-oriented incidents/programs in Ghana and analyzes the frames underpinning the related advocacy and narratives of various non-state actors.FindingsPrivacy and anti-surveillance advocacy in Ghana tends to be less framed in the context of privacy rights and is more driven by concerns about corruption and value for money. Such pecuniary emphasis is rational per issue salience calculations as it elevates principles of economic probity, transparency and accountability and pursues a high public shock value and resonance.Practical implicationsEconomics-centered critiques of surveillance could be counterproductive as they create a low bar for surveillance promoters and sustains a culture of permissible statist intrusions into citizens’ lives once economic virtues are satisfied.Originality/valueWhile anti-surveillance and privacy advocacy is budding across African countries, little is known about its nature, frames and modus compared to such advocacy in European and North American settings. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is likely the first paper or one of the first dedicated fully to anti-surveillance and advocacy in Africa.
目的加强监控的法律、政策和技术在非洲国家的扩散加深了侵犯隐私权的风险,以及负面分析和社会分类的风险。更需要专门的宣传和行动主义,不断要求非洲国家、政府及其盟友在监控方面承担责任和提高透明度。本文的目的是了解加纳反监视和隐私倡导的问题框架及其相关影响。设计/方法论/方法采用定性和解释主义的方法,作者重点关注加纳三种不同的以监视为导向的事件/计划,并分析了各种非国家行为者的相关宣传和叙述的框架。调查结果加纳的隐私和反监视宣传往往不太涉及隐私权,更多地是出于对腐败和物有所值的担忧。这种金钱上的强调是合理的每个问题的显著性计算,因为它提升了经济廉洁、透明度和问责制的原则,并追求高的公众冲击价值和共鸣。实际含义以经济学为中心的对监控的批评可能会适得其反,因为它们为监控推动者创造了一个低门槛,并在经济美德得到满足后维持了一种允许中央集权主义侵入公民生活的文化。独创性/价值尽管反监视和隐私倡导在非洲国家萌芽,但与欧洲和北美的此类倡导相比,人们对其性质、框架和方式知之甚少。据作者所知,这可能是第一篇或第一篇完全致力于非洲反监视和宣传的论文。
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引用次数: 0
Lying in online social networks: a bug or a feature 在线社交网络中的谎言:一个缺陷还是一个特点
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1108/jices-04-2023-0050
Mahed Maddah, Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh
PurposeOnline social networks can bridge the gap between distant individuals by simulating online experiences that closely resemble physical interactions. While people have positive experiences, such as joy, in a physical relationship and would like to enjoy those experiences online, they also have negative experiences, such as being subject to a lie. An online social network may allow users to lie to simulate a real-world social group better. However, lying must be prevented on social networks as unethical behavior. Thus, this study aims to investigate an ethical dilemma raised due to the two abovementioned perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines different aspects of lying in social networks, using a comprehensive descriptive literature review approach and a classification scheme.FindingsContrary to their initial intent, social networks are disrupting the traditional notion of human interaction, either by disregarding the presence of dishonesty or by attempting to regulate relationships. In this research, the authors examine the challenges of these two perspectives by identifying enablers, consequences and control measures of lying on social networks at the individual, social and technological levels. The authors also develop a framework to facilitate investigating this dilemma.Originality/valueThis paper examines a controversial topic. Although lying is unethical, allowing users to lie may be considered an appealing feature of social network platforms. This paper offers a framework to propose several research directions for future studies. This study’s examination focuses on the challenges associated with deception on social networks, prompting the formulation of three crucial questions regarding the potential impact of technology on such behavior.
目的在线社交网络可以通过模拟与身体互动非常相似的在线体验来弥合遥远个体之间的差距。虽然人们在身体关系中有积极的体验,比如快乐,并希望在网上享受这些体验,但他们也有消极的体验,例如撒谎。在线社交网络可以允许用户撒谎,以更好地模拟现实世界中的社交群体。然而,必须防止在社交网络上撒谎是不道德的行为。因此,本研究旨在调查由于上述两个视角而引发的伦理困境。设计/方法论/方法本文采用全面的描述性文献综述方法和分类方案,研究了社交网络中撒谎的不同方面。发现与最初的意图相反,社交网络正在颠覆传统的人际互动观念,要么无视不诚实的存在,要么试图调节关系。在这项研究中,作者通过在个人、社会和技术层面上识别在社交网络上撒谎的促成因素、后果和控制措施,来检验这两种观点的挑战。作者还开发了一个框架来促进对这一困境的调查。原创性/价值这篇论文探讨了一个有争议的话题。尽管撒谎是不道德的,但允许用户撒谎可能被认为是社交网络平台的一个吸引人的功能。本文提供了一个框架,为未来的研究提出了几个研究方向。这项研究的重点是社交网络上与欺骗相关的挑战,促使人们提出了关于技术对这种行为的潜在影响的三个关键问题。
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引用次数: 0
The eradication of hate speech on social media: a systematic review 根除社交媒体上的仇恨言论:系统综述
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1108/jices-11-2022-0098
Javier Gracia-Calandín, Leonardo Suárez-Montoya
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the diverse academic proposals and initiatives for preventing and eliminating hate speech on the internet.Design/methodology/approachThe foundation for this study is a systematic review of papers devoted to the analysis of hate speech. It has been conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and applied to an initial corpus of 436 academic texts. Having implemented the suitability, screening and inclusion criteria, this corpus was refined to a sample of 74 articles.FindingsThe main subject categories studied in this corpus of academic research are legal issues and social media. In the majority of the articles, the use of hate speech via social media is associated with five typologies: religion, cyber racism, political slurs, misogyny and attacks on the LGTBI community. The absence of ethical reflection is one of the major shortcomings of IT-focused research and analysis devoted to online hate speech.Practical implicationsTo date various systematic reviews have been presented, and they focus on detecting or describing hate speech. These have used either the search appraisal synthesis analysis framework or the Cochrane network. The PRISMA protocol was applied for this study, and both Scopus and texts in German were included. To date no major, rigorous systematic review has been undertaken of proposals to combat hate speech.Originality/valueThe link between hate speech and poverty has not been studied in depth within the academic sphere. Tolerance and ethical compassion are not granted the attention they merit when it comes to analysing the phenomenon of hate speech.
本文的目的是对预防和消除互联网上的仇恨言论的各种学术建议和举措进行定量和定性的综合。设计/方法/方法本研究的基础是对专门分析仇恨言论的论文进行系统回顾。该研究使用系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)协议进行,并应用于436个学术文本的初始语料库。在实施了适用性、筛选和纳入标准后,该语料库被细化为74篇文章的样本。在这个学术研究语料库中研究的主要主题类别是法律问题和社交媒体。在大多数文章中,通过社交媒体使用仇恨言论与五种类型有关:宗教,网络种族主义,政治诽谤,厌女症和对LGTBI社区的攻击。缺乏道德反思是致力于在线仇恨言论的以it为重点的研究和分析的主要缺点之一。到目前为止,已经提出了各种系统评论,它们的重点是检测或描述仇恨言论。这些研究要么使用搜索评估综合分析框架,要么使用Cochrane网络。本研究采用PRISMA协议,并纳入Scopus和德文文本。迄今为止,还没有对打击仇恨言论的建议进行重大的、严格的系统审查。在学术领域,仇恨言论与贫困之间的联系尚未得到深入研究。在分析仇恨言论现象时,宽容和道德同情并没有得到应有的重视。
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引用次数: 0
The ethics of artificial intelligence, UNESCO and the African Ubuntu perspective 人工智能的伦理,联合国教科文组织和非洲乌班图的观点
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1108/JICES-04-2022-0037
D. V. Norren
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: A covert future? 编辑:一个隐蔽的未来?
IF 1.5 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2017-06-28 DOI: 10.1108/JICES-03-2017-0020
S. Rogerson
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Information Communication & Ethics in Society
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