Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.012
Khalidilla Yussupov, E. Aben, D. Akhmetkanov, Khairulla Abenk, Saltanat Yussupova
Purpose. The research is aimed at increasing the useful component content in a pregnant solution during in-situ leaching (ISL) using a solid oxidizer and increasing the ferric iron concentration in the leaching solution based on laboratory research. Methods. Laboratory research is performed on a specially developed model electrolyzer for obtaining comparative data on divalent iron oxidation to trivalent iron and the change in the useful component content in a pregnant solution. Firstly, tests are conducted with a basic leaching solution, then on the oxidation of the leaching solution with a solid oxidizer in the form of a lead dioxide plate. Tests are conducted by changing sulphuric acid concentration within 5-50 g/l, amount of divalent iron ions in the solution from 0.5 up to 4.0 g, lead dioxide plate surface area from 19 to 76 cm2. The leaching time is up to 10 hours. Findings. The results of laboratory research on determining the oxidation degree of divalent iron ions and change in the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) depending on the sulphuric acid concentration and on the initial concentration of divalent iron ions in the initial solution are presented. With a change in the sulphuric acid concentration from 5 to 50 g/l, the oxidation value of divalent iron ions increases from 26.5 to 96.5%, and with an increase in the initial solution concentration of divalent iron, the oxidation degree of divalent iron naturally decreases from 95.2 to 58.8%. In the initial leaching solution, the divalent solution concentration is 312 mg/l, and that of the trivalent solution is 288 mg/l. After oxidation with a solid oxidizer, the divalent and trivalent iron concentrations are 56 and 392 mg/l, respectively. In the course of further laboratory research using core materials from a uranium deposit, it has been revealed that when leaching with a basic solution, the uranium content in the pregnant solution is 19.36 mg/l, and when leaching with a solution after oxidation with a solid oxidizer, it is 27.9 mg/l, which is by 8.54 mg/l more. Originality. New dependences have been determined of the oxidation degree of divalent iron ions to trivalent one on the sulphuric acid concentration and on the initial concentration of divalent iron ions, as well as the useful component content in the pregnant solution on the leaching time when using a solid oxidizer. Practical implications. Using of a solid oxidizer, it is possible to increase the trivalent iron concentration in the leaching solution and the useful component content in the pregnant solution compared with the basic technology, thereby reducing the time of mining uranium reserves. Proposed technology is environmentally friendly, with low capital costs.
{"title":"Investigation of the solid oxidizer effect on the metal geotechnology efficiency","authors":"Khalidilla Yussupov, E. Aben, D. Akhmetkanov, Khairulla Abenk, Saltanat Yussupova","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research is aimed at increasing the useful component content in a pregnant solution during in-situ leaching (ISL) using a solid oxidizer and increasing the ferric iron concentration in the leaching solution based on laboratory research. Methods. Laboratory research is performed on a specially developed model electrolyzer for obtaining comparative data on divalent iron oxidation to trivalent iron and the change in the useful component content in a pregnant solution. Firstly, tests are conducted with a basic leaching solution, then on the oxidation of the leaching solution with a solid oxidizer in the form of a lead dioxide plate. Tests are conducted by changing sulphuric acid concentration within 5-50 g/l, amount of divalent iron ions in the solution from 0.5 up to 4.0 g, lead dioxide plate surface area from 19 to 76 cm2. The leaching time is up to 10 hours. Findings. The results of laboratory research on determining the oxidation degree of divalent iron ions and change in the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) depending on the sulphuric acid concentration and on the initial concentration of divalent iron ions in the initial solution are presented. With a change in the sulphuric acid concentration from 5 to 50 g/l, the oxidation value of divalent iron ions increases from 26.5 to 96.5%, and with an increase in the initial solution concentration of divalent iron, the oxidation degree of divalent iron naturally decreases from 95.2 to 58.8%. In the initial leaching solution, the divalent solution concentration is 312 mg/l, and that of the trivalent solution is 288 mg/l. After oxidation with a solid oxidizer, the divalent and trivalent iron concentrations are 56 and 392 mg/l, respectively. In the course of further laboratory research using core materials from a uranium deposit, it has been revealed that when leaching with a basic solution, the uranium content in the pregnant solution is 19.36 mg/l, and when leaching with a solution after oxidation with a solid oxidizer, it is 27.9 mg/l, which is by 8.54 mg/l more. Originality. New dependences have been determined of the oxidation degree of divalent iron ions to trivalent one on the sulphuric acid concentration and on the initial concentration of divalent iron ions, as well as the useful component content in the pregnant solution on the leaching time when using a solid oxidizer. Practical implications. Using of a solid oxidizer, it is possible to increase the trivalent iron concentration in the leaching solution and the useful component content in the pregnant solution compared with the basic technology, thereby reducing the time of mining uranium reserves. Proposed technology is environmentally friendly, with low capital costs.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.035
Khaoula Bedri, M. Hamou, Mira Filali, R. Hadji, Hassan Taib
Purpose. The research aims to investigate the impact of discontinuity characteristics, including dip direction, dip and joint spacing, on the size distribution of blasted fragments in mines and quarries. The accuracy of blasting results is essential for efficient operations, and understanding these factors can enhance blast fragmentation outcomes. Methods. We conducted our research at the Jebel Bouzegza C01 aggregate quarry, analyzing eight blast benches. To determine fragment sizes, we employed image processing tools to calculate P50, P80, and Pmax sizes. Additionally, we used the Kuz Ram model to predict the average size (X50) and the percentage of oversize fragments (Pmax). The determination coefficient (R²) is calculated for both methods to assess their correlations with dip direction. Findings. Our analysis revealed significant findings related to the impact of discontinuity characteristics on fragment size distribution. The dip direction exhibits the strongest correlation of Pmax size when using Split Desktop and X50, as well as Pmax% with the Kuz Ram model. Joint spacing also plays a role in influencing blast fragmentation outcomes, although its effect depends on the infill materials. Originality. This research contributes to the understanding of factors affecting blast fragmentation outcomes. The research focuses on dip direction, dip and joint spacing characteristics, and adds to existing knowledge in this field. Practical implications. The findings of this research have practical implications for mines and quarries, offering valuable guidance for site investigations and optimization of blasting practices. By assessing properties such as dip direction and joint spacing, blasting operations can be enhanced to achieve more efficient and accurate results.
{"title":"Optimizing the blast fragmentation quality of discontinuous rock mass: Case study of Jebel Bouzegza Open-Cast Mine, North Algeria","authors":"Khaoula Bedri, M. Hamou, Mira Filali, R. Hadji, Hassan Taib","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research aims to investigate the impact of discontinuity characteristics, including dip direction, dip and joint spacing, on the size distribution of blasted fragments in mines and quarries. The accuracy of blasting results is essential for efficient operations, and understanding these factors can enhance blast fragmentation outcomes. Methods. We conducted our research at the Jebel Bouzegza C01 aggregate quarry, analyzing eight blast benches. To determine fragment sizes, we employed image processing tools to calculate P50, P80, and Pmax sizes. Additionally, we used the Kuz Ram model to predict the average size (X50) and the percentage of oversize fragments (Pmax). The determination coefficient (R²) is calculated for both methods to assess their correlations with dip direction. Findings. Our analysis revealed significant findings related to the impact of discontinuity characteristics on fragment size distribution. The dip direction exhibits the strongest correlation of Pmax size when using Split Desktop and X50, as well as Pmax% with the Kuz Ram model. Joint spacing also plays a role in influencing blast fragmentation outcomes, although its effect depends on the infill materials. Originality. This research contributes to the understanding of factors affecting blast fragmentation outcomes. The research focuses on dip direction, dip and joint spacing characteristics, and adds to existing knowledge in this field. Practical implications. The findings of this research have practical implications for mines and quarries, offering valuable guidance for site investigations and optimization of blasting practices. By assessing properties such as dip direction and joint spacing, blasting operations can be enhanced to achieve more efficient and accurate results.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.075
I. Chudyk, D. Sudakova, A.U. Dreus, A. Pavlychenko, A. Sudakov
Purpose. Development of a methodology for determining the thermal state of block inverse gravel filters manufactured using low-temperature technology during their transportation in a well based on computer and mathematical modeling. Methods. The study of hydrodynamic processes occurring during the transportation of the filter in the borehole, as well as the calculation of thermal fields in the filter body, was performed using the Ansys Fluent software package. To determine the effective thermophysical characteristics of the filter, the approaches of the heat transfer theory in porous media were applied. To investigate the thermal conditions of the filter at heat exchange with well fluid, the use of analytical solution of the heat conduction problem in a cylindrical shell, taking into account the properties of porous dispersed water-saturated medium, is proposed. Findings. The methodology for calculating the thermal state of a gravel filter during its operation in a well has been developed. For estimation of the filter surface temperature, the expression obtained on the basis of the analytical solution of the heat conduction equation, taking into account the characteristics of the porous filter medium, is proposed. Hydrodynamic and thermal fields in the borehole and the filter body during the filter transportation process in the borehole have been obtained. Originality. For the first time, the problem of heat exchange of a gravel inversion filter, manufactured by low-temperature technology in a well is considered. The influence of hydrothermal conditions in the well on the process of filter heating during its transportation in the well is shown. The hydrodynamic fields during the flow of the drilling mud around the inverse gravel filter are determined. Practical implications. The proposed approaches and results of the study allow to determine and can be used in the development of technological regulations for the use of block gravel filters produced by low-temperature technology for the equipment of hydrogeological wells. The methodology for modelling the process of two-phase inversion transition of aggregate state of the binding agent during transportation of inverted block-type gravel filter during well construction has been developed.
{"title":"Determination of the thermal state of a block gravel filter during its transportation along the borehole","authors":"I. Chudyk, D. Sudakova, A.U. Dreus, A. Pavlychenko, A. Sudakov","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.075","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of a methodology for determining the thermal state of block inverse gravel filters manufactured using low-temperature technology during their transportation in a well based on computer and mathematical modeling. Methods. The study of hydrodynamic processes occurring during the transportation of the filter in the borehole, as well as the calculation of thermal fields in the filter body, was performed using the Ansys Fluent software package. To determine the effective thermophysical characteristics of the filter, the approaches of the heat transfer theory in porous media were applied. To investigate the thermal conditions of the filter at heat exchange with well fluid, the use of analytical solution of the heat conduction problem in a cylindrical shell, taking into account the properties of porous dispersed water-saturated medium, is proposed. Findings. The methodology for calculating the thermal state of a gravel filter during its operation in a well has been developed. For estimation of the filter surface temperature, the expression obtained on the basis of the analytical solution of the heat conduction equation, taking into account the characteristics of the porous filter medium, is proposed. Hydrodynamic and thermal fields in the borehole and the filter body during the filter transportation process in the borehole have been obtained. Originality. For the first time, the problem of heat exchange of a gravel inversion filter, manufactured by low-temperature technology in a well is considered. The influence of hydrothermal conditions in the well on the process of filter heating during its transportation in the well is shown. The hydrodynamic fields during the flow of the drilling mud around the inverse gravel filter are determined. Practical implications. The proposed approaches and results of the study allow to determine and can be used in the development of technological regulations for the use of block gravel filters produced by low-temperature technology for the equipment of hydrogeological wells. The methodology for modelling the process of two-phase inversion transition of aggregate state of the binding agent during transportation of inverted block-type gravel filter during well construction has been developed.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.061
A. Baltiyeva, Elmira Orynbassarova, Madiyar Zharaspaev, Rustem Akhmetov
Purpose is to assess the potential of radar satellite interferometry (SAR interferometry) to analyze and forecast earth’s surface displacements. Methods. The study involves the analysis of previous instrumental observations, such as high-precision levelling and seismic monitoring. The observations using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) were carried out; satellite images were processed applying a method of sequential interferometry of persistent radar signal scatters (PS). Findings. The research results have proved similarity between the data obtained with the help of ground instrumental methods and the data received using satellite interferometry. Two types of the earth’s surface sinkholes were identified: sinkholes with smooth subsidence and hidden deformations that are not accompanied by the preliminary deformational or seismic signs. Smooth subsidence is controlled and predicted successfully with the help of the SAR interferometry methods. An algorithm has been represented to predict linear displacement trends at different time intervals involving a finite element method. Originality is in a complex approach of the research performance covering the following: comparative analysis of different monitoring methods, studying different sinkhole types, identifying limitations of the available methods, and proposing new approaches for more accurate and objective analysis of the earth’s surface deformation within the field. Practical implications. The research results are of practical value for rock mechanic specialists and mining operators. They can use the data to monitor and control earth’s surface caving as well as provide staff safety and preserve ground infrastructure where it is possible.
{"title":"Studying sinkholes of the earth’s surface involving radar satellite interferometry in terms of Zhezkazgan field, Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Baltiyeva, Elmira Orynbassarova, Madiyar Zharaspaev, Rustem Akhmetov","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.061","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is to assess the potential of radar satellite interferometry (SAR interferometry) to analyze and forecast earth’s surface displacements. Methods. The study involves the analysis of previous instrumental observations, such as high-precision levelling and seismic monitoring. The observations using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) were carried out; satellite images were processed applying a method of sequential interferometry of persistent radar signal scatters (PS). Findings. The research results have proved similarity between the data obtained with the help of ground instrumental methods and the data received using satellite interferometry. Two types of the earth’s surface sinkholes were identified: sinkholes with smooth subsidence and hidden deformations that are not accompanied by the preliminary deformational or seismic signs. Smooth subsidence is controlled and predicted successfully with the help of the SAR interferometry methods. An algorithm has been represented to predict linear displacement trends at different time intervals involving a finite element method. Originality is in a complex approach of the research performance covering the following: comparative analysis of different monitoring methods, studying different sinkhole types, identifying limitations of the available methods, and proposing new approaches for more accurate and objective analysis of the earth’s surface deformation within the field. Practical implications. The research results are of practical value for rock mechanic specialists and mining operators. They can use the data to monitor and control earth’s surface caving as well as provide staff safety and preserve ground infrastructure where it is possible.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.103
Usman Ghani, Ishaq Ahmad
Purpose. The importance of mineralogical characterization for complex ore deposits is continuously increasing due to the increasing demand for minerals worldwide. The proper mineral characterization needs to be carried out for selecting appropriate processing technology for the beneficiation of complex ore in order to efficiently obtain ore concentrate according to the market demand. The purpose of this study is to carry out a detail mineral characterization of the complex lead-antimony ore deposit of Chitral, Pakistan, necessary for selecting the most appropriate processing technology and designing a mineral processing plant. Methods. In this research, a preliminary study was conducted on representative samples of complex lead-antimony ore deposits of the Awreith Gol area in Chitral, Pakistan to investigate and characterize the deposit prior to beneficiation, as well as to determine the processing potential of the deposit and to make a further decision on a suitable beneficiation technology. In this regard, thin section of complex ore representative samples was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope for ore morphology analysis, EDX for chemical composition analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis. Findings. The ore deposit of the studied area is mainly composed of sedimentary rocks and intrusions of igneous rocks with varying degrees of metamorphism. Geologically, the area is characterized by the Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequence of North Karakorum system and volcano-sedimentary series. The study of mineral characteristics confirms that galena and stibnite are ore minerals containing lead 48.01% and antimony 15.43%. Originality. The geological characteristics of the studied area have been explored. The studied ore consists of lead, antimony, stibnite and galena. The mineral characterization results have revealed that these metals can be extracted economically by selecting an appropriate mineral processing technology. Practical implications. Mineralogical study of the mineral, combined with the chemical analysis of the ore, confirms that the lead-antimony complex ore of Chitral deposit can be beneficiated using relatively cheap gravity separation technology.
目的。由于全球对矿物的需求不断增加，复杂矿床的矿物学特征描述的重要性也在不断提高。为了根据市场需求有效地获得精矿，需要进行适当的矿物特征描述，以便为复杂矿石的选矿选择合适的加工技术。本研究的目的是对巴基斯坦吉德拉尔的复杂铅锑矿进行详细的矿物特征描述，以便选择最合适的加工技术和设计矿物加工厂。方法。在这项研究中，对巴基斯坦吉德拉尔 Awreith Gol 地区复杂铅锑矿床的代表性样本进行了初步研究，以便在选矿前对矿床进行调查并确定其特征，同时确定矿床的加工潜力，并进一步决定合适的选矿技术。为此，使用扫描电子显微镜进行了矿石形态分析，EDX 进行了化学成分分析，X 射线荧光光谱仪进行了分析。研究结果研究区域的矿床主要由沉积岩和不同程度变质的火成岩侵入体组成。该地区的地质特征是北喀喇昆仑山系古生代-中生代序列和火山沉积系列。矿物特征研究证实，方铅矿和闪锌矿是含铅 48.01% 和含锑 15.43% 的矿石矿物。原创性。对所研究地区的地质特征进行了勘探。所研究的矿石包括铅、锑、闪锌矿和方铅矿。矿物特征研究结果表明，通过选择适当的矿物加工技术，可以经济地提取这些金属。实际意义。对矿物的矿物学研究以及对矿石的化学分析证实，吉德拉尔矿床的铅锑复合矿石可以利用相对便宜的重力选矿技术进行选矿。
{"title":"Geological investigations and mineralogical characterization of the Awreith Gol Lead-Antimony Deposit, Chitral, Pakistan","authors":"Usman Ghani, Ishaq Ahmad","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The importance of mineralogical characterization for complex ore deposits is continuously increasing due to the increasing demand for minerals worldwide. The proper mineral characterization needs to be carried out for selecting appropriate processing technology for the beneficiation of complex ore in order to efficiently obtain ore concentrate according to the market demand. The purpose of this study is to carry out a detail mineral characterization of the complex lead-antimony ore deposit of Chitral, Pakistan, necessary for selecting the most appropriate processing technology and designing a mineral processing plant. Methods. In this research, a preliminary study was conducted on representative samples of complex lead-antimony ore deposits of the Awreith Gol area in Chitral, Pakistan to investigate and characterize the deposit prior to beneficiation, as well as to determine the processing potential of the deposit and to make a further decision on a suitable beneficiation technology. In this regard, thin section of complex ore representative samples was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope for ore morphology analysis, EDX for chemical composition analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis. Findings. The ore deposit of the studied area is mainly composed of sedimentary rocks and intrusions of igneous rocks with varying degrees of metamorphism. Geologically, the area is characterized by the Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequence of North Karakorum system and volcano-sedimentary series. The study of mineral characteristics confirms that galena and stibnite are ore minerals containing lead 48.01% and antimony 15.43%. Originality. The geological characteristics of the studied area have been explored. The studied ore consists of lead, antimony, stibnite and galena. The mineral characterization results have revealed that these metals can be extracted economically by selecting an appropriate mineral processing technology. Practical implications. Mineralogical study of the mineral, combined with the chemical analysis of the ore, confirms that the lead-antimony complex ore of Chitral deposit can be beneficiated using relatively cheap gravity separation technology.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.091
P. Saik, Oleksii Cherniaiev, O. Anisimov, R. Dychkovskyi, Andrii Adamchuk
Purpose. The research purpose is to study the conditions for mining deposits of metamorphic and igneous origin to produce crushed stone products in conditions of limited electricity supply. Methods. The research uses an integrated approach, including data analysis on quarry field spatial dimensions and the overburden rock thickness, which provides the basis for identifying deposits into basic groups. For the identified groups of deposits, taking into account the hydrological characteristics of non-metallic deposits and their parameters, patterns have been determined that characterize the change in the normative atmospheric precipitation inflow, based on the quarry field area and the change in the specific costs for water drainage depending on the studied quarry field type. Based on data on technical characteristics of mobile and semi-stationary units and aggregates, the parameters of physical-mechanical properties of granites and diorites, technical-technological solutions for the formation of complexes for processing raw materials for the production of crushed stone products are proposed. Findings. Problems arising during mining operations under conditions of limited electricity supply, which is caused by mass attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, have been revealed. A systematization of deposits of igneous and metamorphic origin for mining of rock building materials, which are the basis for the production of crushed stone products, has been developed. The rates of water inflow into the mined-out space depending on the quarry field spatial parameters and the depth of mining operations have been studied. Technological schemes of the apparatuses of a complex for processing raw materials for production of crushed stone products and the apparatuses of a complex for processing siftings are proposed. Originality. Dependences of possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage have been determined, taking into account the accepted classification criteria, namely the quarry field spatial dimensions, the overburden rock thickness and the quarry depth. Practical implications. The obtained data on the possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage make it possible to assess the efficiency of pumping units. The proposed technical-technological solutions on formation of complexes for processing raw materials to produce crushed stone products have been developed in accordance with the fundamental provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On approval of the National program for the development of the mineral resource base of Ukraine for the period up to 2030”.
{"title":"Mining of non-metallic mineral deposits in the context of Ukraine’s reconstruction in the war and post-war periods","authors":"P. Saik, Oleksii Cherniaiev, O. Anisimov, R. Dychkovskyi, Andrii Adamchuk","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.091","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research purpose is to study the conditions for mining deposits of metamorphic and igneous origin to produce crushed stone products in conditions of limited electricity supply. Methods. The research uses an integrated approach, including data analysis on quarry field spatial dimensions and the overburden rock thickness, which provides the basis for identifying deposits into basic groups. For the identified groups of deposits, taking into account the hydrological characteristics of non-metallic deposits and their parameters, patterns have been determined that characterize the change in the normative atmospheric precipitation inflow, based on the quarry field area and the change in the specific costs for water drainage depending on the studied quarry field type. Based on data on technical characteristics of mobile and semi-stationary units and aggregates, the parameters of physical-mechanical properties of granites and diorites, technical-technological solutions for the formation of complexes for processing raw materials for the production of crushed stone products are proposed. Findings. Problems arising during mining operations under conditions of limited electricity supply, which is caused by mass attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, have been revealed. A systematization of deposits of igneous and metamorphic origin for mining of rock building materials, which are the basis for the production of crushed stone products, has been developed. The rates of water inflow into the mined-out space depending on the quarry field spatial parameters and the depth of mining operations have been studied. Technological schemes of the apparatuses of a complex for processing raw materials for production of crushed stone products and the apparatuses of a complex for processing siftings are proposed. Originality. Dependences of possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage have been determined, taking into account the accepted classification criteria, namely the quarry field spatial dimensions, the overburden rock thickness and the quarry depth. Practical implications. The obtained data on the possible water inflow into the mined-out space of the quarry and change in energy consumption for water drainage make it possible to assess the efficiency of pumping units. The proposed technical-technological solutions on formation of complexes for processing raw materials to produce crushed stone products have been developed in accordance with the fundamental provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On approval of the National program for the development of the mineral resource base of Ukraine for the period up to 2030”.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.045
Long Quoc Nguyen, Tam Thanh Thi Le, Trong Gia Nguyen, Dinh Trong Tran
Purpose. Mining-induced land subsidence is a significant concern in areas with extensive underground mining activities. Therefore, the prediction of land subsidence is crucial for effective land management and infrastructure planning. This research applies an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict land subsidence over the Mong Duong underground coal mine in Quang Ninh, Vietnam Methods. In the ANN model proposed in this research, four features are used as the model inputs to predict land subsi-dence, i.e., model outputs. These features include the positions of ground points in the direction of the trough main cross-section, the distance from the chamber (goaf) center to the ground monitoring points, the accumulated exploitation volume of extraction space, and the measured/recorded time. The entire dataset of 12 measured epochs, covering 22 months with a 2-month repetition time period, is divided into the training set for the first 9 measured epochs and the test set for the last 3 measured epochs. k-fold cross-validation is first applied to the training set to determine the best model hyperparameters, which are then adopted to predict land subsidence in the test set. Findings. The best model hyperparameters are found to be 5 hidden layers, 64 hidden nodes and 240 iterated epochs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the predicted land subsidence depend on the time separated between the last measured epoch and the predicted epoch. Within 2 months from the last measurements, RMSE and MAE are at 22 and 13 mm for Epoch 10, which increase to 31 and 20 mm for Epoch 11 (4 months from the last measurement) and 37 and 24 mm for Epoch 12 (6 months from the last measurement). Originality. A new ANN model with associated “optimal” hyperparameters to predict underground mining-induced land subsidence is proposed in this research. Practical implications. The ANN model proposed in this research is a good and convenient tool for estimating mining-induced land subsidence, which can be applied to underground mines in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.
{"title":"Prediction of underground mining-induced subsidence: Artificial neural network based approach","authors":"Long Quoc Nguyen, Tam Thanh Thi Le, Trong Gia Nguyen, Dinh Trong Tran","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.045","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Mining-induced land subsidence is a significant concern in areas with extensive underground mining activities. Therefore, the prediction of land subsidence is crucial for effective land management and infrastructure planning. This research applies an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict land subsidence over the Mong Duong underground coal mine in Quang Ninh, Vietnam Methods. In the ANN model proposed in this research, four features are used as the model inputs to predict land subsi-dence, i.e., model outputs. These features include the positions of ground points in the direction of the trough main cross-section, the distance from the chamber (goaf) center to the ground monitoring points, the accumulated exploitation volume of extraction space, and the measured/recorded time. The entire dataset of 12 measured epochs, covering 22 months with a 2-month repetition time period, is divided into the training set for the first 9 measured epochs and the test set for the last 3 measured epochs. k-fold cross-validation is first applied to the training set to determine the best model hyperparameters, which are then adopted to predict land subsidence in the test set. Findings. The best model hyperparameters are found to be 5 hidden layers, 64 hidden nodes and 240 iterated epochs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the predicted land subsidence depend on the time separated between the last measured epoch and the predicted epoch. Within 2 months from the last measurements, RMSE and MAE are at 22 and 13 mm for Epoch 10, which increase to 31 and 20 mm for Epoch 11 (4 months from the last measurement) and 37 and 24 mm for Epoch 12 (6 months from the last measurement). Originality. A new ANN model with associated “optimal” hyperparameters to predict underground mining-induced land subsidence is proposed in this research. Practical implications. The ANN model proposed in this research is a good and convenient tool for estimating mining-induced land subsidence, which can be applied to underground mines in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.116
Vasyl Tymoshchuk, Leonid M. Rudakov, D. Pikarenia, O. Orlinska, H. Hapich
Purpose is the assessment of soil retaining wall stability to ensure geotechnical safety during the radioactive waste tailing pond closure and further recultivation (or rehabilitation) in Kamianske town (Ukraine). Methods. Geomechanical stability of the protective structure has been assessed relying upon the analysis of geological-hydrogeological, engineering-geological, and geotechnical conditions of the certain tailing pond area using a deformation elastic-plastic model of a medium implemented on the basis of finite-element method. For the purpose, the dam slopes have been detalized taking into consideration their geometry as well as changes in vertical section of rock material characteristics in accordance with the earlier geophysical studies; exploration drilling; and engineering-geological surveys. Findings. Stability coefficients of protective tailing pond dam have been identified within the typical areas of a hydraulic structure; it provides high reliability and representativeness of the whole structure health in time as well as under various conditions of the industrial waste water saturation. It has been defined that the stability coefficients varies from ks = 1.372 to 4.758. Comparison of the indicators between 2022 and 2016 demonstrates a tendency of the slope stability coefficient decrease due to water saturation and groundwater level rise. Nevertheless, design characteristics of the structure make it possible to ensure satisfactory a stability coefficient along the whole dam length being 1.13 times higher than the standard one (i.e. ks = 1.250). Originality. The dependence of the tailing pond protective dam stability upon a water supply degree at the forecasted groundwater level rise at the expense of atmospheric and melt water ingress to the tailing pond has been defined. The danger of complete radioactive waste water saturation is a significant reduction in the stability coefficient of the protective structure, which can be supported by predictive modelling data. If strength parameters of a dam material decline for the most critical area then the strength coefficient decreases starting from 1.532 in terms of the current groundwater level down to 1.372 as for the forecasted dam water supply. The figure is more than 10% of its initial stability. Practical implications. The obtained results substantiate the necessity; moreover, they are of practical value while improving hydrological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical monitoring of the analyzed tailing pond to ensure its radiation safety under different conditions of further behaviour during closure, recultivation, or rehabilitation.
{"title":"Analyzing stability of protective structures as the elements of geotechnical tailing pond safety","authors":"Vasyl Tymoshchuk, Leonid M. Rudakov, D. Pikarenia, O. Orlinska, H. Hapich","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.116","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is the assessment of soil retaining wall stability to ensure geotechnical safety during the radioactive waste tailing pond closure and further recultivation (or rehabilitation) in Kamianske town (Ukraine). Methods. Geomechanical stability of the protective structure has been assessed relying upon the analysis of geological-hydrogeological, engineering-geological, and geotechnical conditions of the certain tailing pond area using a deformation elastic-plastic model of a medium implemented on the basis of finite-element method. For the purpose, the dam slopes have been detalized taking into consideration their geometry as well as changes in vertical section of rock material characteristics in accordance with the earlier geophysical studies; exploration drilling; and engineering-geological surveys. Findings. Stability coefficients of protective tailing pond dam have been identified within the typical areas of a hydraulic structure; it provides high reliability and representativeness of the whole structure health in time as well as under various conditions of the industrial waste water saturation. It has been defined that the stability coefficients varies from ks = 1.372 to 4.758. Comparison of the indicators between 2022 and 2016 demonstrates a tendency of the slope stability coefficient decrease due to water saturation and groundwater level rise. Nevertheless, design characteristics of the structure make it possible to ensure satisfactory a stability coefficient along the whole dam length being 1.13 times higher than the standard one (i.e. ks = 1.250). Originality. The dependence of the tailing pond protective dam stability upon a water supply degree at the forecasted groundwater level rise at the expense of atmospheric and melt water ingress to the tailing pond has been defined. The danger of complete radioactive waste water saturation is a significant reduction in the stability coefficient of the protective structure, which can be supported by predictive modelling data. If strength parameters of a dam material decline for the most critical area then the strength coefficient decreases starting from 1.532 in terms of the current groundwater level down to 1.372 as for the forecasted dam water supply. The figure is more than 10% of its initial stability. Practical implications. The obtained results substantiate the necessity; moreover, they are of practical value while improving hydrological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical monitoring of the analyzed tailing pond to ensure its radiation safety under different conditions of further behaviour during closure, recultivation, or rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.001
D. Chepiga, Iryna Bessarab, Vitalii Hnatiuk, O. Tkachuk, Oleksandr Kipko, S. Podkopaiev
Purpose is to assess deformation characteristics of protective structures while coal-rock mass off-loading to ensure wall rock stability as well as operating conditions of the development mine workings in coal mines. Methods. In a laboratory environment, uniaxial compression of protective structures has been applied on the models to identify the influence by deformation processes on the changes in their rigidness resulting from the shape and volume transformation. Findings. Under the deformation of rigid structures in the context of a safe strain resource, potential energy of their changes in shape is 4.1-6.5 times higher than the one of changes in volume. Beyond the safe deformation resource when critical level of the specific potential strain energy has been exceeded, strength of protective structures is not sufficient to restrict wall rock movement limiting their use. If relative volume variation in the rigid protective structures is δV > 0.06-0.082 then they lose their stability. Under such conditions, structural rigidity decreases by 14-22%. If pliable wooden protective structures are used then relative 0.62 ≤ δV ≤ 0.72 volume change doubles their rigidity. In the circumstances, the potential shape change energy is 2.1 times higher than the volume change energy; the abovementioned favours temporary compaction of wooden components of the compressive structure while improving its resistivity. Originality. Regularities of changes in the specific potential deformation energy of protective structures depending upon their shape and volume variation in terms of uniaxial compression have been identified. Practical implications. To ensure stability of wall rocks and maintain operating conditions of the development mine wor-kings, it is reasonable to apply pliable wooden protective structures which will help restrict roof and floor movements after their compaction. Insufficient residual strength of rigid protective structures, resulting if they lose their stability, provokes rock failure within the working areas of coal mines.
{"title":"Deformation as a process to transform shape and volume of protective structures of the development mine workings during coal-rock mass off-loading","authors":"D. Chepiga, Iryna Bessarab, Vitalii Hnatiuk, O. Tkachuk, Oleksandr Kipko, S. Podkopaiev","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is to assess deformation characteristics of protective structures while coal-rock mass off-loading to ensure wall rock stability as well as operating conditions of the development mine workings in coal mines. Methods. In a laboratory environment, uniaxial compression of protective structures has been applied on the models to identify the influence by deformation processes on the changes in their rigidness resulting from the shape and volume transformation. Findings. Under the deformation of rigid structures in the context of a safe strain resource, potential energy of their changes in shape is 4.1-6.5 times higher than the one of changes in volume. Beyond the safe deformation resource when critical level of the specific potential strain energy has been exceeded, strength of protective structures is not sufficient to restrict wall rock movement limiting their use. If relative volume variation in the rigid protective structures is δV > 0.06-0.082 then they lose their stability. Under such conditions, structural rigidity decreases by 14-22%. If pliable wooden protective structures are used then relative 0.62 ≤ δV ≤ 0.72 volume change doubles their rigidity. In the circumstances, the potential shape change energy is 2.1 times higher than the volume change energy; the abovementioned favours temporary compaction of wooden components of the compressive structure while improving its resistivity. Originality. Regularities of changes in the specific potential deformation energy of protective structures depending upon their shape and volume variation in terms of uniaxial compression have been identified. Practical implications. To ensure stability of wall rocks and maintain operating conditions of the development mine wor-kings, it is reasonable to apply pliable wooden protective structures which will help restrict roof and floor movements after their compaction. Insufficient residual strength of rigid protective structures, resulting if they lose their stability, provokes rock failure within the working areas of coal mines.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 86","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining17.04.083
Serhii Ponomarenko, Іryna Potapchuk, O. Zhevzhyk, L. Kabakova, Anna Potapchuk
Purpose. Determining the influence of the degree of pneumatic energy losses in the non-hermetic air supply network on the efficiency of using installed equipment in the pneumatic method of waste utilization from mining and beneficiation of minerals. To achieve this purpose, a tightness control device was developed using the method of fixed volumes. Methods. Using the molecular-kinetic theory of gases, the thermodynamics and hydrodynamics laws, the characteristics of an open thermodynamic system under excess pressure and with a degree of a capillary-type leakage are investigated. Pneumatic energy losses in the pneumatic supply pipeline are determined by the mass of compressed air leaked due to its poor tightness. Findings. The peculiarities of the tightness control of hollow products by the method of fixed volumes have been summarized. The dependences of non-production losses of compressed air and the corresponding pressure drop on the geometric characteristics of the air supply pipeline, the leakage in supply pipeline, and the time of assessing the degree of leakage have been determined. Originality. For the first time, the relationship between the parameters of compressed air in an open thermodynamic system under excess pressure during air leakage and its heat exchange with the environment has been revealed. The influence of compressed air leakage in air supply networks on the efficiency of using vibration-pneumatic machines with an annular ejector in backfill technologies has been determined. Practical implications. The research results can be used to improve the existing or develop the new technological schemes of air supply equipment that use pneumatic energy at mining and metallurgical enterprises. Minimization of energy consumption can significantly expand the scope of application of pneumatic backfilling method.
{"title":"Influence of the leakage in air supply networks on the efficiency of application of pneumatic backfill equipment","authors":"Serhii Ponomarenko, Іryna Potapchuk, O. Zhevzhyk, L. Kabakova, Anna Potapchuk","doi":"10.33271/mining17.04.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.083","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Determining the influence of the degree of pneumatic energy losses in the non-hermetic air supply network on the efficiency of using installed equipment in the pneumatic method of waste utilization from mining and beneficiation of minerals. To achieve this purpose, a tightness control device was developed using the method of fixed volumes. Methods. Using the molecular-kinetic theory of gases, the thermodynamics and hydrodynamics laws, the characteristics of an open thermodynamic system under excess pressure and with a degree of a capillary-type leakage are investigated. Pneumatic energy losses in the pneumatic supply pipeline are determined by the mass of compressed air leaked due to its poor tightness. Findings. The peculiarities of the tightness control of hollow products by the method of fixed volumes have been summarized. The dependences of non-production losses of compressed air and the corresponding pressure drop on the geometric characteristics of the air supply pipeline, the leakage in supply pipeline, and the time of assessing the degree of leakage have been determined. Originality. For the first time, the relationship between the parameters of compressed air in an open thermodynamic system under excess pressure during air leakage and its heat exchange with the environment has been revealed. The influence of compressed air leakage in air supply networks on the efficiency of using vibration-pneumatic machines with an annular ejector in backfill technologies has been determined. Practical implications. The research results can be used to improve the existing or develop the new technological schemes of air supply equipment that use pneumatic energy at mining and metallurgical enterprises. Minimization of energy consumption can significantly expand the scope of application of pneumatic backfilling method.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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