Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.096
K. Babii, M. Chetveryk, Volodymyr Perehudov, Kostiantyn Kovalov, R. Kiriia, Viacheslav Pshenychnyi
Purpose is to substantiate the use of an in-pit crushing and conveying technology at the open pits with complex structure of the working zone, which technological complex includes inclined and steeply inclined conveyors for improved economic efficiency of mineral mining at deep levels. Methods. The study applies a complex method including: technical-economical analysis of the practice of mining enterprises, experience of using conveying units at concentration plants and open pits; mining-geometrical analysis in terms of open pit sections – to identify the structure of the working zone of a deep open pit wall and its features along the depth; structural developments – to improve the design of a steeply-inclined conveyor; simulation modelling of the technological processes – to select optimal technical solutions. Findings. Basing on the performed studies, it has been identified that transfer to a new trend of the in-pit crushing and conveying technology, considering the structural features of the working zone of a deep open pit, is rather prospective. In this context, it is expedient to use inclined conveyors or deep-trough conveyors on the sites of an open pit wall with the inclination angle of 10-18°; in case of sites with the inclination angle of 30-36°, it is recommended to use steeply inclined conveyors. Originality. For the first time, a relation between the working zone of a deep open pit and formation of the structure of technological complexes has been identified. Dependences of the boundary inclination angle αn of a pipe conveyor on the angle of non-filling θ of its belt with the cargo at different coefficients of cargo-belt friction have been defined. Practical implications. The obtained results make it possible to widen the application sphere and increase the efficiency of mineral mining with the use of in-pit crushing and conveying technology.
{"title":"Features of using equipment for in-pit crushing and conveying technology on the open pit walls with complex structure","authors":"K. Babii, M. Chetveryk, Volodymyr Perehudov, Kostiantyn Kovalov, R. Kiriia, Viacheslav Pshenychnyi","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.096","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is to substantiate the use of an in-pit crushing and conveying technology at the open pits with complex structure of the working zone, which technological complex includes inclined and steeply inclined conveyors for improved economic efficiency of mineral mining at deep levels. Methods. The study applies a complex method including: technical-economical analysis of the practice of mining enterprises, experience of using conveying units at concentration plants and open pits; mining-geometrical analysis in terms of open pit sections – to identify the structure of the working zone of a deep open pit wall and its features along the depth; structural developments – to improve the design of a steeply-inclined conveyor; simulation modelling of the technological processes – to select optimal technical solutions. Findings. Basing on the performed studies, it has been identified that transfer to a new trend of the in-pit crushing and conveying technology, considering the structural features of the working zone of a deep open pit, is rather prospective. In this context, it is expedient to use inclined conveyors or deep-trough conveyors on the sites of an open pit wall with the inclination angle of 10-18°; in case of sites with the inclination angle of 30-36°, it is recommended to use steeply inclined conveyors. Originality. For the first time, a relation between the working zone of a deep open pit and formation of the structure of technological complexes has been identified. Dependences of the boundary inclination angle αn of a pipe conveyor on the angle of non-filling θ of its belt with the cargo at different coefficients of cargo-belt friction have been defined. Practical implications. The obtained results make it possible to widen the application sphere and increase the efficiency of mineral mining with the use of in-pit crushing and conveying technology.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43153041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.034
Mohamed M. A Hassan, Mahrous A. M. Ali, M. Farghaly, W. Abdellah, Jung Gyu Kim
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of grinding operations in terms of how mechanical properties (e.g., strength properties and ore texture) affect the Bond Work Index. Methods. The specimens have been collected in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, namely Abu Marwat, Hamash and Al Sadd. As a result, strength parameters such as compressive strength, cohesiveness and hardness have been assessed. Ore texture, mineral content and bonds between tiny fabric units have been examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and thin section. Findings. This research shows that as the strength properties of the rock increase, the Bond Working Index also increases. Moreover, the results indicate that the level of cohesion of ore minerals with the surrounding tailings, on the one hand, and the variance in the tailing content, on the other hand, play a significant role in the processing operation, given the discrepancy in the Bond Work Index for the six Abu Marawat gold ores of 18.8%. Originality. This research attempts to develop a methodology for assessing the efficiency of grinding operations as a function of rock strength properties and ore texture in relation to the Bond Work Index. Practical implications. Ore texture is one of the most important factors influencing the grinding process. Since grinding consumes a considerable amount of energy, the economic evaluation is based on increasing the grinding efficiency. According to previous research, the petrographic, which varies from sample to another, has an impact on the mechanical properties as well as the grinding operations.
{"title":"Evaluation of gold ore properties and their impact on grinding operations","authors":"Mohamed M. A Hassan, Mahrous A. M. Ali, M. Farghaly, W. Abdellah, Jung Gyu Kim","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of grinding operations in terms of how mechanical properties (e.g., strength properties and ore texture) affect the Bond Work Index. Methods. The specimens have been collected in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, namely Abu Marwat, Hamash and Al Sadd. As a result, strength parameters such as compressive strength, cohesiveness and hardness have been assessed. Ore texture, mineral content and bonds between tiny fabric units have been examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and thin section. Findings. This research shows that as the strength properties of the rock increase, the Bond Working Index also increases. Moreover, the results indicate that the level of cohesion of ore minerals with the surrounding tailings, on the one hand, and the variance in the tailing content, on the other hand, play a significant role in the processing operation, given the discrepancy in the Bond Work Index for the six Abu Marawat gold ores of 18.8%. Originality. This research attempts to develop a methodology for assessing the efficiency of grinding operations as a function of rock strength properties and ore texture in relation to the Bond Work Index. Practical implications. Ore texture is one of the most important factors influencing the grinding process. Since grinding consumes a considerable amount of energy, the economic evaluation is based on increasing the grinding efficiency. According to previous research, the petrographic, which varies from sample to another, has an impact on the mechanical properties as well as the grinding operations.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to determine the flow of lead, zinc and silver metals at the enrichment factory in Trepça. The authors have determined the flows of metals discharged into the tailing of Kelmend. In addition, they make a correction for the losses of Pb, Zn, and Ag metals, which are very high. Methods. Ore enrichment has been studied for two years in the production process of lead and zinc concentrates based on the following facts: selective separation of lead and zinc metallic minerals, as well as non-metallic minerals that are present in the ore. Sampling was conducted at the entrance to the ore receiving bunker. The samples were taken according to standards and sent for analysis in laboratories. In the laboratories, the samples were ground in a mill, then dried and sent for chemical analysis. The chemical analyses for Pb, Zn, and Ag were done at the Trepça laboratory, while for 35 chemical elements at the BRGM laboratory in France, with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) equipment. During the technological process, samples were taken for chemical analysis, and then in the flow, evidence was also taken to analyses the losses of lead, zinc, and silver metals. Mini Tab software was used to perform a T-test for independent samples and then correction was made for these metal losses in the tailing. The method of economic geology for the calculation of the balance of metals was used. Findings. Based on the study of the chemical analysis of ore at the entrance to the receiving bunker, then sampling during the technological process and the flow of metals into the tailing, the amount of metal losses for 2020 and 2021 has been determined. Based on the calculations of the metal balance, the metal losses that affect the economic evaluation are presented. The remains of landfills on the ground affect the pollution of the environment and rivers. Originality. The originality of the study is in the use of the results of chemical analyses obtained in the BRGM Laboratory in France on Pb, Zn, Ag and other conductive elements. A total of 35 chemical elements of tailings, which are presented in this work, have been tested. Practical implications. According to the data of chemical and geochemical analysis, it turns out that in addition to losses of Pb, Zn, and Ag, we also have losses of conductive and rare elements.
{"title":"Metal losses at the Trepça concentrator during the enrichment process","authors":"Alber Hyseni, Enes Muzaqi, Bedri Durmishaj, Sylejman Hyseni","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.132","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to determine the flow of lead, zinc and silver metals at the enrichment factory in Trepça. The authors have determined the flows of metals discharged into the tailing of Kelmend. In addition, they make a correction for the losses of Pb, Zn, and Ag metals, which are very high. Methods. Ore enrichment has been studied for two years in the production process of lead and zinc concentrates based on the following facts: selective separation of lead and zinc metallic minerals, as well as non-metallic minerals that are present in the ore. Sampling was conducted at the entrance to the ore receiving bunker. The samples were taken according to standards and sent for analysis in laboratories. In the laboratories, the samples were ground in a mill, then dried and sent for chemical analysis. The chemical analyses for Pb, Zn, and Ag were done at the Trepça laboratory, while for 35 chemical elements at the BRGM laboratory in France, with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) equipment. During the technological process, samples were taken for chemical analysis, and then in the flow, evidence was also taken to analyses the losses of lead, zinc, and silver metals. Mini Tab software was used to perform a T-test for independent samples and then correction was made for these metal losses in the tailing. The method of economic geology for the calculation of the balance of metals was used. Findings. Based on the study of the chemical analysis of ore at the entrance to the receiving bunker, then sampling during the technological process and the flow of metals into the tailing, the amount of metal losses for 2020 and 2021 has been determined. Based on the calculations of the metal balance, the metal losses that affect the economic evaluation are presented. The remains of landfills on the ground affect the pollution of the environment and rivers. Originality. The originality of the study is in the use of the results of chemical analyses obtained in the BRGM Laboratory in France on Pb, Zn, Ag and other conductive elements. A total of 35 chemical elements of tailings, which are presented in this work, have been tested. Practical implications. According to the data of chemical and geochemical analysis, it turns out that in addition to losses of Pb, Zn, and Ag, we also have losses of conductive and rare elements.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48554949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.087
Bolatkhan Khussan, A. Abdiev, M. Bitimbayev, S. Kuzmin, Sayat Issagulov, Azamat Matayev
Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate the rational parameters of innovative container technology for transporting mine rocks in open pits with account of technological advantages. Methods. The winding machine normal operation was determined by calculation performed. The container metal structure was designed in the environment of the Compass-3D software complex. The structural elements were tested for normal operation using computer modeling methods in the APM WinMachine 9.7 program, which gives the possibility to obtain the strength calculation values. Findings. The results of modeling the stresses on the wall of the container and the frame, as well as the yield strength are presented. The test calculation confirms the technical feasibility for operating the dragline-based mine winding machines. The influence of the container capacity on the performance of the winding machine has been determined and the dependence of the economic efficiency of the container technology introduction at the open pit depth has been revealed. Originality. For the first time, on the basis of computer modeling, the parameters of stress distribution on the container wall have been substantiated when performing a strength calculation. It has been determined that the maximum stress in the container wall is 117.52 N/mm2; the principal stress value is 83.85 N/mm2. The safety factor for yield strength is 1.8. The maximum load acting on the structure is 957.5 kgf, which does not exceed the calculated value. Practical implications. The practical importance is to improve mining efficiency, reduce the cost of transporting rocks and ensure automatic container unloading. The use of replaceable containers in open pits can significantly change the formation principles of shovels and transport complexes, increase their performance and the efficiency of shovels in the main processes.
{"title":"Substantiation and development of innovative container technology for rock mass lifting from deep open pits","authors":"Bolatkhan Khussan, A. Abdiev, M. Bitimbayev, S. Kuzmin, Sayat Issagulov, Azamat Matayev","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.087","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate the rational parameters of innovative container technology for transporting mine rocks in open pits with account of technological advantages. Methods. The winding machine normal operation was determined by calculation performed. The container metal structure was designed in the environment of the Compass-3D software complex. The structural elements were tested for normal operation using computer modeling methods in the APM WinMachine 9.7 program, which gives the possibility to obtain the strength calculation values. Findings. The results of modeling the stresses on the wall of the container and the frame, as well as the yield strength are presented. The test calculation confirms the technical feasibility for operating the dragline-based mine winding machines. The influence of the container capacity on the performance of the winding machine has been determined and the dependence of the economic efficiency of the container technology introduction at the open pit depth has been revealed. Originality. For the first time, on the basis of computer modeling, the parameters of stress distribution on the container wall have been substantiated when performing a strength calculation. It has been determined that the maximum stress in the container wall is 117.52 N/mm2; the principal stress value is 83.85 N/mm2. The safety factor for yield strength is 1.8. The maximum load acting on the structure is 957.5 kgf, which does not exceed the calculated value. Practical implications. The practical importance is to improve mining efficiency, reduce the cost of transporting rocks and ensure automatic container unloading. The use of replaceable containers in open pits can significantly change the formation principles of shovels and transport complexes, increase their performance and the efficiency of shovels in the main processes.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.019
O. Sinchuk, R. Strzelecki, I. Sinchuk, Теtуаnа Веridzе, V. Fedotov, V. Baranovskyi, K. Budnikov
Purpose is to develop a unified mathematical model to assess energy efficiency of a water inflow-drainage process as the real variant of stochastic method for water pumping from underground workings of iron-ore mines. Methods. The research process was based upon the methods of probability theory as well as stochastic modelling methods. The stochastic function integration has been reduced to summation of its ordinates and further transition to a proper boundary. Findings. A mathematical model of a water inflow-drainage system as a stochastic process has been developed in terms of input parameters of a standard operating iron-ore mine. The abovementioned has made it possible to assess realistically, substantiate, and obtain possibilities for a specific production facility as well as for generalization of the results involving determination of stochastic characteristics of drainage process. Originality. For the first time, a mathematical model of drainage from underground levels of iron-ore mines has been developed as a stochastic process. The process characteristics have been identified relying upon randomness of a water pumping technique. In contrast to the available settings, the new model parameters characterize their dispersion. Possibility to obtain complete characteristics of energy consumption has been obtained: for drainage; for water accumulation volume in underground water collectors; for water pumping from the specified mine depths over the specific period as random processes. A number of drainage features have been analyzed and differentiated being determined with the help of nor-mal law of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors in iron-ore mines. Practical implications. In terms of operating iron-ore mine, a generalized drainage mathematical model has been developed as a stochastic process using statistical data concerning water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors. It has been proved that if the ordinates of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors obey the normal distribution law then it is expedient to characterize drainage as a stochastic process. The developed methods, studying drain-age as a stochastic process, help expand the research boundaries involving other auxiliary operations performed during underground mining of iron ore raw materials.
{"title":"Mathematical model to assess energy consumption using water inflow-drainage system of iron-ore mines in terms of a stochastic process","authors":"O. Sinchuk, R. Strzelecki, I. Sinchuk, Теtуаnа Веridzе, V. Fedotov, V. Baranovskyi, K. Budnikov","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is to develop a unified mathematical model to assess energy efficiency of a water inflow-drainage process as the real variant of stochastic method for water pumping from underground workings of iron-ore mines. Methods. The research process was based upon the methods of probability theory as well as stochastic modelling methods. The stochastic function integration has been reduced to summation of its ordinates and further transition to a proper boundary. Findings. A mathematical model of a water inflow-drainage system as a stochastic process has been developed in terms of input parameters of a standard operating iron-ore mine. The abovementioned has made it possible to assess realistically, substantiate, and obtain possibilities for a specific production facility as well as for generalization of the results involving determination of stochastic characteristics of drainage process. Originality. For the first time, a mathematical model of drainage from underground levels of iron-ore mines has been developed as a stochastic process. The process characteristics have been identified relying upon randomness of a water pumping technique. In contrast to the available settings, the new model parameters characterize their dispersion. Possibility to obtain complete characteristics of energy consumption has been obtained: for drainage; for water accumulation volume in underground water collectors; for water pumping from the specified mine depths over the specific period as random processes. A number of drainage features have been analyzed and differentiated being determined with the help of nor-mal law of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors in iron-ore mines. Practical implications. In terms of operating iron-ore mine, a generalized drainage mathematical model has been developed as a stochastic process using statistical data concerning water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors. It has been proved that if the ordinates of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors obey the normal distribution law then it is expedient to characterize drainage as a stochastic process. The developed methods, studying drain-age as a stochastic process, help expand the research boundaries involving other auxiliary operations performed during underground mining of iron ore raw materials.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.071
V. Skrobala, V. Popovych, Oleh Tyndyk, A. Voloshchyshyn
Purpose. The research purpose is to study the peculiarities of chemical pollution of the Nadiya mine rock dumps in the Chervonohrad Mining District, depending on the relief conditions and slope exposure, as well as to analyze the general trends in the distribution of chemical elements compared to the natural background. Methods. The chemical pollution differentiation of the Nadiya mine rock dumps at the level of ecotopes is studied on the basis of dispersion analysis; multidimensional ordination of ecotopes in the space of geochemical indicators – based on the Principle Component Analysis; a typological scheme of mine rock dump ecotopes is constructed based on discriminant analysis; statistical processing of chemical pollution parameters. Findings. It has been determined that the level of chemical pollution of the Nadiya mine rock dumps is characterized by significant heterogeneity even within the same slope exposure. Similarity in the distribution of chemical elements makes it possible to distinguish 6 of their associations, the main of which are I (Mg, Ca, S) and II (Al, Fe, K, Si). An analysis of the dependence between the chemical element concentrations indicates a close link between many parameters. It has been revealed that the closest dependence on the anthropogenic load intensity is demonstrated by such elements as Mg, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al, Cu, P, Ni, Zn. It has been determined that the difference between the ecotopes of different dump exposures is explained mainly by the level of Ca and Al concentration. Originality. It has been revealed for the first time that the Nadiya mine rock dumps of the Chervonohrad Mining District are characterized by an ecological space, which is assessed on the basis of the ordination of ecotopes on the axes of complex geochemical gradients of the environment. The typological scheme of mine rock dumps reflects the gradient of soil cover chemical pollution compared to the natural background. Practical implications. By determining the geochemical conditions of ecotopes in a certain period of time, it is possible to identify their position in the ecological-cenotic space of dump vegetation, as well as to predict the stability and possible changes in the vegetation cover as a result of various forms of anthropogenic impact.
目的。研究的目的是研究Chervonohrad矿区Nadiya矿山岩石场化学污染的特殊性，根据地形条件和边坡暴露程度，分析化学元素在自然背景下分布的总体趋势。方法。在弥散分析的基础上，研究了纳迪亚矿山岩石场在生态环境水平上的化学污染分异;生态环境在地球化学指标空间上的多维排序——基于主成分分析基于判别分析，构建了矿山排土场生态环境类型方案;化学污染参数的统计处理。发现。已经确定，即使在相同的边坡暴露范围内，Nadiya矿山岩石堆的化学污染水平也具有显著的非均质性。化学元素在分布上的相似性使得可以区分它们的6种组合，其中主要是I (Mg, Ca, S)和II (Al, Fe, K, Si)。对化学元素浓度之间的依赖性的分析表明，许多参数之间存在着密切的联系。研究表明，Mg、Pb、Sn、Fe、Al、Cu、P、Ni、Zn等元素与人为负荷强度的关系最为密切。不同排土场暴露的生态环境差异主要是由Ca和Al浓度水平引起的。创意。首次揭示了Chervonohrad矿区Nadiya矿山岩石场具有一个生态空间的特征，并以复杂的环境地球化学梯度为轴对生态空间进行了排序。矿山矸石堆的类型方案反映了与自然背景相比土壤覆盖化学污染的梯度。实际意义。通过确定某一时期生态区的地球化学条件，可以确定其在排土场植被生态-生态空间中的位置，并预测各种形式的人为影响下植被覆盖的稳定性和可能发生的变化。
{"title":"Chemical pollution peculiarities of the Nadiya mine rock dumps in the Chervonohrad Mining District, Ukraine","authors":"V. Skrobala, V. Popovych, Oleh Tyndyk, A. Voloshchyshyn","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.071","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research purpose is to study the peculiarities of chemical pollution of the Nadiya mine rock dumps in the Chervonohrad Mining District, depending on the relief conditions and slope exposure, as well as to analyze the general trends in the distribution of chemical elements compared to the natural background. Methods. The chemical pollution differentiation of the Nadiya mine rock dumps at the level of ecotopes is studied on the basis of dispersion analysis; multidimensional ordination of ecotopes in the space of geochemical indicators – based on the Principle Component Analysis; a typological scheme of mine rock dump ecotopes is constructed based on discriminant analysis; statistical processing of chemical pollution parameters. Findings. It has been determined that the level of chemical pollution of the Nadiya mine rock dumps is characterized by significant heterogeneity even within the same slope exposure. Similarity in the distribution of chemical elements makes it possible to distinguish 6 of their associations, the main of which are I (Mg, Ca, S) and II (Al, Fe, K, Si). An analysis of the dependence between the chemical element concentrations indicates a close link between many parameters. It has been revealed that the closest dependence on the anthropogenic load intensity is demonstrated by such elements as Mg, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al, Cu, P, Ni, Zn. It has been determined that the difference between the ecotopes of different dump exposures is explained mainly by the level of Ca and Al concentration. Originality. It has been revealed for the first time that the Nadiya mine rock dumps of the Chervonohrad Mining District are characterized by an ecological space, which is assessed on the basis of the ordination of ecotopes on the axes of complex geochemical gradients of the environment. The typological scheme of mine rock dumps reflects the gradient of soil cover chemical pollution compared to the natural background. Practical implications. By determining the geochemical conditions of ecotopes in a certain period of time, it is possible to identify their position in the ecological-cenotic space of dump vegetation, as well as to predict the stability and possible changes in the vegetation cover as a result of various forms of anthropogenic impact.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69438936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate a rational technology for mining steep-dipping ore bodies based on a complex of geomechanical studies in combined mining of deposits. Methods. Analysis of existing constructive methods for calculating the optimal mining system parameters when mining under-open-pit ore reserves in the zone of influence of surface mining operations, taking into account the natural stress-strain state of the rock mass. Numerical modeling is used to study the geomechanical processes occurring in the mass during the mining of under-open-pit reserves of steep-dipping ore bodies in order to substantiate the mining system with ore shrinkage. The geotechnical mapping of mine workings is conducted directly in the face to determine the mass rating. Findings. The calculation of the optimal parameters for the stope chamber, inter-chamber and inter-level pillars based on a complex of geomechanical studies has shown that the more intense horizontal stresses act in the bottom of the blocks and in the inter-block pillars, in which a large number of board gates have been driven. Originality. For the first time, using high-precision programs and given the nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses acting in the mass for the Abyz Mine conditions, it has been revealed that when mining an individual block, the maximum horizontal stresses around the mined-out space reach 10-15 MPa; when mining a group of blocks – 20-25 MPa. Practical implications. The research results can be used in planning and mining with shrinkage of steep-dipping ore bodies during mining of under-open-pit reserves.
{"title":"Geomechanical substantiation of the parameters for the mining system with ore shrinkage in the combined mining of steep-dipping ore bodies","authors":"Tyiak Isabek, Yerbol Orynbek, Kamchybek Kozhogulov, Zhadyra Sarkulova, Lazzat Abdiyeva, S. Yefremova","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.115","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate a rational technology for mining steep-dipping ore bodies based on a complex of geomechanical studies in combined mining of deposits. Methods. Analysis of existing constructive methods for calculating the optimal mining system parameters when mining under-open-pit ore reserves in the zone of influence of surface mining operations, taking into account the natural stress-strain state of the rock mass. Numerical modeling is used to study the geomechanical processes occurring in the mass during the mining of under-open-pit reserves of steep-dipping ore bodies in order to substantiate the mining system with ore shrinkage. The geotechnical mapping of mine workings is conducted directly in the face to determine the mass rating. Findings. The calculation of the optimal parameters for the stope chamber, inter-chamber and inter-level pillars based on a complex of geomechanical studies has shown that the more intense horizontal stresses act in the bottom of the blocks and in the inter-block pillars, in which a large number of board gates have been driven. Originality. For the first time, using high-precision programs and given the nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses acting in the mass for the Abyz Mine conditions, it has been revealed that when mining an individual block, the maximum horizontal stresses around the mined-out space reach 10-15 MPa; when mining a group of blocks – 20-25 MPa. Practical implications. The research results can be used in planning and mining with shrinkage of steep-dipping ore bodies during mining of under-open-pit reserves.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44861614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.103
D. Malashkevych, M. Petlovanyi, K. Sai, S. Zubko
Purpose. The research purpose is to study the formation of quantitative-qualitative indicators of mined coal under conditions of dynamic changes in space and time with a new stope mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the underground mined-out area. Methods. The contours are formed for mining low-thickness coal reserves and extracting thicknesses, undercut rock volumes in the stoping and preparatory faces in the conditions of the Heroiiv Kosmosu mine. The average density values of coal, rock layers and wall rocks in the seam within the boundaries of mining contours are determined based on the geological data of wells and mining operations. The graphic basis is executed in the AutoCAD program. A digital spatial model of the С10t seam contours is used, according to the schedule for organizing stope and preparatory operations. The volumes of waste rocks and minerals involved in the formation of quantitative-qualitative rock mass indicators in a given time period are calculated. Findings. It has been determined that during mining of coal reserves from the studied mining area (equal to extraction site), the volume of production and the operational coal ash content in the mining technology with waste rock accumulation averages 376.5 thousand tons and 15.2%, while with traditional technology – 621.3 thousand tons and 46.7%. Nevertheless, it has been proven that in terms of energy equivalent, the value of mined coal using the mining technology with waste rock accumulation is higher by 7.4% than the traditional technology (9.6 TJ versus 8.9 TJ). Originality. For the first time, a mechanism for the formation of operational ash content and energy value of coal has been revealed when combining the processes of drifting operations to prepare reserves from new extraction pillars with associated stope operations into a new selective mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the mined-out area. Practical implications. An algorithm for predicting the operational ash content and quality of coal when using selective mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the mined-out area has been developed, which is important for the technical and economic indicators of coal mines.
{"title":"Research into the coal quality with a new selective mining technology of the waste rock accumulation in the mined-out area","authors":"D. Malashkevych, M. Petlovanyi, K. Sai, S. Zubko","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The research purpose is to study the formation of quantitative-qualitative indicators of mined coal under conditions of dynamic changes in space and time with a new stope mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the underground mined-out area. Methods. The contours are formed for mining low-thickness coal reserves and extracting thicknesses, undercut rock volumes in the stoping and preparatory faces in the conditions of the Heroiiv Kosmosu mine. The average density values of coal, rock layers and wall rocks in the seam within the boundaries of mining contours are determined based on the geological data of wells and mining operations. The graphic basis is executed in the AutoCAD program. A digital spatial model of the С10t seam contours is used, according to the schedule for organizing stope and preparatory operations. The volumes of waste rocks and minerals involved in the formation of quantitative-qualitative rock mass indicators in a given time period are calculated. Findings. It has been determined that during mining of coal reserves from the studied mining area (equal to extraction site), the volume of production and the operational coal ash content in the mining technology with waste rock accumulation averages 376.5 thousand tons and 15.2%, while with traditional technology – 621.3 thousand tons and 46.7%. Nevertheless, it has been proven that in terms of energy equivalent, the value of mined coal using the mining technology with waste rock accumulation is higher by 7.4% than the traditional technology (9.6 TJ versus 8.9 TJ). Originality. For the first time, a mechanism for the formation of operational ash content and energy value of coal has been revealed when combining the processes of drifting operations to prepare reserves from new extraction pillars with associated stope operations into a new selective mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the mined-out area. Practical implications. An algorithm for predicting the operational ash content and quality of coal when using selective mining technology with waste rock accumulation in the mined-out area has been developed, which is important for the technical and economic indicators of coal mines.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.001
I. Sakhno, I. Liashok, Sakhno Svitlana, I. Oleksandr
Purpose. The method development and research on controlling the floor heave of mine roadways located in the zone of increased stresses by local strengthening the rocks with mixtures expanding in the solid phase. Methods. The work uses the following research methods: analysis and generalization of previously performed research on the process of heaving the floor in mine roadways; full-scale mining studies, which include instrumental measurements at benchmark stations, rapid measurements, photo-fixation of floor rock cuts in the areas of dinting. Findings. It has been determined that the problem of heaving the floor is relevant for most of the temporary roadways located in the zones of increased stresses, for example, in the zone of longwall face impact, both Ukrainian and foreign coal mines. The conducted full-scale mining studies have revealed that the floor rocks in the zone of increased stresses are in a destroyed state and can be represented as a block-discrete medium. A method for controlling the floor heave in mine roadways has been developed, which is based on the formation of locally strengthened zones of a special shape in the mine roadway floor. The strengthening effect is achieved by consolidating the rocks due to their compression by mixtures expanding in the boreholes drilled into the floor of the mine roadway. The method parameters have been calculated which make it possible to set the necessary expansion pressures for the formation in the mine roadway floor of a stable strengthened zone of a specified shape. Studies on the formation of local strengthening of floor rocks with mixtures expanding in mine conditions substantiate the fundamental possibility of rock consolidation. Originality. The ideas about the consolidation of a block-discrete medium by compression and the formation of stable strengthened zones with mixtures expanding in the solid phase have been developed. Practical implications. A method for controlling the heaving of floor rocks and a methodology for determining the method parameters have been developed. The results obtained can be used to ensure the stability of mine roadways in zones of increased stresses.
{"title":"Method for controlling the floor heave in mine roadways of underground coal mines","authors":"I. Sakhno, I. Liashok, Sakhno Svitlana, I. Oleksandr","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The method development and research on controlling the floor heave of mine roadways located in the zone of increased stresses by local strengthening the rocks with mixtures expanding in the solid phase. Methods. The work uses the following research methods: analysis and generalization of previously performed research on the process of heaving the floor in mine roadways; full-scale mining studies, which include instrumental measurements at benchmark stations, rapid measurements, photo-fixation of floor rock cuts in the areas of dinting. Findings. It has been determined that the problem of heaving the floor is relevant for most of the temporary roadways located in the zones of increased stresses, for example, in the zone of longwall face impact, both Ukrainian and foreign coal mines. The conducted full-scale mining studies have revealed that the floor rocks in the zone of increased stresses are in a destroyed state and can be represented as a block-discrete medium. A method for controlling the floor heave in mine roadways has been developed, which is based on the formation of locally strengthened zones of a special shape in the mine roadway floor. The strengthening effect is achieved by consolidating the rocks due to their compression by mixtures expanding in the boreholes drilled into the floor of the mine roadway. The method parameters have been calculated which make it possible to set the necessary expansion pressures for the formation in the mine roadway floor of a stable strengthened zone of a specified shape. Studies on the formation of local strengthening of floor rocks with mixtures expanding in mine conditions substantiate the fundamental possibility of rock consolidation. Originality. The ideas about the consolidation of a block-discrete medium by compression and the formation of stable strengthened zones with mixtures expanding in the solid phase have been developed. Practical implications. A method for controlling the heaving of floor rocks and a methodology for determining the method parameters have been developed. The results obtained can be used to ensure the stability of mine roadways in zones of increased stresses.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33271/mining16.04.122
O. Ishchenko, V. Konoval, K. Ishchenko
Purpose is to evaluate experimentally and theoretically a mechanism of solid media fracturing by means of explosive charges varying in their cross-sectional shapes. Methods. The Mohr-Coulomb strength condition has been applied to describe rock transition to the disturbed state. The condition has become a basis to develop a mathematical model of explosion (i.e. shock and detonation wave) of the concentrated borehole charges. The simulation explosion was modelled while adequate load applying at the points belonging to the outline of both cylindrical charge and at the charging angles in the shapes of triangular and square prisms. The evaluation mechanism of solid media fracturing by means of explosive charges, varying in their shapes, used the models made of optically active materials. A method of high-speed photorecording of the process was involved; the method was combined with the photoelastic technique of stress analysis. Findings. Taking into consideration rock transition to the disturbed state, the Mohr-Coulomb strength condition was applied with the possibility to simulate failures resulting from shear as well as from separation according to the developed mathematical model. The calculation results have helped identify distribution of a geomechanical parameter (Q) at different time points (time iterations). Dependencies of changes in the maximum component of the main stress tensor σ1 / γН along the axis passing through the charge centres perpendicularly to its flat surface for different time iterations have been developed. It has been defined that the maximal stresses are concentrated on the top of both triangular and square prisms helping shape a denser crack network within the zones. Originality. It has been identified that at the initial explosion stage, the maximum values of the main stress tensor component σ1 / γН along the axis passing through the charge centre perpendicularly to its flat surface, experience certain change depending upon a power law with the increasing distance to the charge outline. At the same time, if the charge is of a square prism shape then time iteration being i = 5 makes the main stress decrease according to a linear dependence. Practical implications. The research may be used as the basis for the development of rational parameters of the resource-saving methods applied to separate hard complex rocks in terms of open pits where building materials are mined.
{"title":"Physical and simulation modelling of solid media fracturing by means of explosive charges of different cross-sectional shapes","authors":"O. Ishchenko, V. Konoval, K. Ishchenko","doi":"10.33271/mining16.04.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.122","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose is to evaluate experimentally and theoretically a mechanism of solid media fracturing by means of explosive charges varying in their cross-sectional shapes. Methods. The Mohr-Coulomb strength condition has been applied to describe rock transition to the disturbed state. The condition has become a basis to develop a mathematical model of explosion (i.e. shock and detonation wave) of the concentrated borehole charges. The simulation explosion was modelled while adequate load applying at the points belonging to the outline of both cylindrical charge and at the charging angles in the shapes of triangular and square prisms. The evaluation mechanism of solid media fracturing by means of explosive charges, varying in their shapes, used the models made of optically active materials. A method of high-speed photorecording of the process was involved; the method was combined with the photoelastic technique of stress analysis. Findings. Taking into consideration rock transition to the disturbed state, the Mohr-Coulomb strength condition was applied with the possibility to simulate failures resulting from shear as well as from separation according to the developed mathematical model. The calculation results have helped identify distribution of a geomechanical parameter (Q) at different time points (time iterations). Dependencies of changes in the maximum component of the main stress tensor σ1 / γН along the axis passing through the charge centres perpendicularly to its flat surface for different time iterations have been developed. It has been defined that the maximal stresses are concentrated on the top of both triangular and square prisms helping shape a denser crack network within the zones. Originality. It has been identified that at the initial explosion stage, the maximum values of the main stress tensor component σ1 / γН along the axis passing through the charge centre perpendicularly to its flat surface, experience certain change depending upon a power law with the increasing distance to the charge outline. At the same time, if the charge is of a square prism shape then time iteration being i = 5 makes the main stress decrease according to a linear dependence. Practical implications. The research may be used as the basis for the development of rational parameters of the resource-saving methods applied to separate hard complex rocks in terms of open pits where building materials are mined.","PeriodicalId":43896,"journal":{"name":"Mining of Mineral Deposits","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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