Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32831
L. Jorge, Bruna Borba Neves, Josemara De Paula Rocha, Vivian Ulrich, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós
AIMS: To verify the impact of self-perceived health on the chance of developing urinary incontinence in very-old.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with elderly individuals aged 90 years and over. The statistical and analytical variables (sex, marital status, continence, age, depressive symptoms, cognition, comorbidities and ability to perform activities) were analyzed analytical and descriptive statistics (frequencies, mean and standard deviation, univariate and health self-perception adjusted logistic regression analysis).RESULTS: There were 182 participants, 71% women. The previous diagnosis of depression, the score of depressive symptoms and the percentage of ease for functional and basic activities were related to self-perception of health (p<0.05). The loss of urine, however, was not related to self-perceived health. The self-perception of health influenced the effect of the variables previous diagnosis of depression, number of depressive symptoms, Mini-Mental State Examination score and number of comorbidities on the chance of urinary incontinence in thepresence of these variables. Males, widowhood and ease of performance of basic and functional activities were significantly related to urinary incontinence regardless of the adjustment of health self-perception.CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between urinary incontinence and health self-perception. However, health self-perception influenced the effect of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the chance of having urinary incontinence.
{"title":"Impacto da autopercepção de saúde em longevos com incontinência urinária","authors":"L. Jorge, Bruna Borba Neves, Josemara De Paula Rocha, Vivian Ulrich, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32831","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To verify the impact of self-perceived health on the chance of developing urinary incontinence in very-old.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with elderly individuals aged 90 years and over. The statistical and analytical variables (sex, marital status, continence, age, depressive symptoms, cognition, comorbidities and ability to perform activities) were analyzed analytical and descriptive statistics (frequencies, mean and standard deviation, univariate and health self-perception adjusted logistic regression analysis).RESULTS: There were 182 participants, 71% women. The previous diagnosis of depression, the score of depressive symptoms and the percentage of ease for functional and basic activities were related to self-perception of health (p<0.05). The loss of urine, however, was not related to self-perceived health. The self-perception of health influenced the effect of the variables previous diagnosis of depression, number of depressive symptoms, Mini-Mental State Examination score and number of comorbidities on the chance of urinary incontinence in thepresence of these variables. Males, widowhood and ease of performance of basic and functional activities were significantly related to urinary incontinence regardless of the adjustment of health self-perception.CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between urinary incontinence and health self-perception. However, health self-perception influenced the effect of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the chance of having urinary incontinence.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46306164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.33561
E. Lago
Dear readers and collaborators, it is time for change in the editorial team of Scientia Medica. After almost 12 years working as the editor of this journal, I am pleased to transfer my position to Professor Manoel Antônio da Silva Ribeiro.I am grateful to all of those who contributed during this period to the success of this journal. The new editor will certainly continue to count on the same indispensable support and will have plenty of competence to maintain the constant growth of this important communication vehicle, an example of quality, ethics and integrity in scientific publishing.
亲爱的读者和合作者们，是时候改变《山达基医学》的编辑团队了。在担任该杂志编辑近12年后，我很高兴将我的职位移交给Manoel Antônio da Silva Ribeiro教授。我感谢在此期间为该杂志的成功做出贡献的所有人。新编辑肯定会继续得到同样不可或缺的支持，并有足够的能力保持这一重要传播工具的不断发展，这是科学出版质量、道德和诚信的典范。
{"title":"Time of change – Editorial","authors":"E. Lago","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.33561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.33561","url":null,"abstract":"Dear readers and collaborators, it is time for change in the editorial team of Scientia Medica. After almost 12 years working as the editor of this journal, I am pleased to transfer my position to Professor Manoel Antônio da Silva Ribeiro.I am grateful to all of those who contributed during this period to the success of this journal. The new editor will certainly continue to count on the same indispensable support and will have plenty of competence to maintain the constant growth of this important communication vehicle, an example of quality, ethics and integrity in scientific publishing.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45577211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32408
P. F. Rodrigues, L. R. Albiero, E. F. Nery, T. O. Kelly, J. C. Dalazen, D. L. Pereira, A. Sinhorin, V. Sinhorin, L. Castoldi
AIMS: Copaifera multijuga Hayne oleoresin is commonly used in traditional medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitumor, and antibacterial properties. However, little is known about the effect of the compounds from the bark of this plant. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of the ethanolic extract of C. multijuga bark via natural killer activity of non-adherent spleen cells of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was evaluated.METHODS: Male Swiss mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1×106 Ehrlich tumor cells (Ehrlich and Ehrlich/C. multijuga group) or phosphate buffered saline solution (control group and C. multijuga group) and treated orally daily with C. multijuga extract (200 mg kg-1, 0.1 mL per mouse, for the Ehrlich/C. multijuga and C. multijuga groups) or phosphate buffered saline solution (control group and Ehrlich group). The four experimental groups consisted in eight mice each and were organized in two sets, one treated for seven days and another treated for 14 days, totalizing 64 mice throughout the experiment. Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration, the mice were euthanized and the spleen tissue was isolated to prepare a non-adherent spleen cell suspension and to evaluate natural killer activity. Data are presented as the cell lysis percentage of Yac.1 target cells by non-adherent spleen cells.RESULTS: Treatment for seven days increased natural killer activity in the Ehrlich/C. multijuga group (21.20±8.89, p<0.05) compared to the control group (3.14±2.71, p<0.05); however, this effect was not maintained in the groups treated for 14 days (Control: 6.02±6.98, Ehrlich: 4.82±7.72, C. multijuga: 2.07±2.10, Ehrlich/C. multijuga: 2.01±1.63, p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for seven days with an ethanolic extract of C. multijuga bark enhanced the natural killer activity of non-adherent spleen cells from Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.
{"title":"Natural killer activity of the spleen cells of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice treated with Copaifera multijuga extract","authors":"P. F. Rodrigues, L. R. Albiero, E. F. Nery, T. O. Kelly, J. C. Dalazen, D. L. Pereira, A. Sinhorin, V. Sinhorin, L. Castoldi","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32408","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: Copaifera multijuga Hayne oleoresin is commonly used in traditional medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitumor, and antibacterial properties. However, little is known about the effect of the compounds from the bark of this plant. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of the ethanolic extract of C. multijuga bark via natural killer activity of non-adherent spleen cells of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was evaluated.METHODS: Male Swiss mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1×106 Ehrlich tumor cells (Ehrlich and Ehrlich/C. multijuga group) or phosphate buffered saline solution (control group and C. multijuga group) and treated orally daily with C. multijuga extract (200 mg kg-1, 0.1 mL per mouse, for the Ehrlich/C. multijuga and C. multijuga groups) or phosphate buffered saline solution (control group and Ehrlich group). The four experimental groups consisted in eight mice each and were organized in two sets, one treated for seven days and another treated for 14 days, totalizing 64 mice throughout the experiment. Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration, the mice were euthanized and the spleen tissue was isolated to prepare a non-adherent spleen cell suspension and to evaluate natural killer activity. Data are presented as the cell lysis percentage of Yac.1 target cells by non-adherent spleen cells.RESULTS: Treatment for seven days increased natural killer activity in the Ehrlich/C. multijuga group (21.20±8.89, p<0.05) compared to the control group (3.14±2.71, p<0.05); however, this effect was not maintained in the groups treated for 14 days (Control: 6.02±6.98, Ehrlich: 4.82±7.72, C. multijuga: 2.07±2.10, Ehrlich/C. multijuga: 2.01±1.63, p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for seven days with an ethanolic extract of C. multijuga bark enhanced the natural killer activity of non-adherent spleen cells from Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32614
M. Martins, D. Z. Dreher, C. C. Callegaro, E. Berlezi
AIMS: To verify intra and inter-rater reliability and concordance in the assessment of perineal pressure in nulliparous women.METHODS: Young, healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant women who had had sexual intercourse and had a correct contraction of the perineal musculature on physical examination were included. Women were excluded if they used other muscles in a visually perceptible way during the perineal contraction; with changes in the pelvic muscles tone; with urinary incontinence; with cognitive alterations; with disease that could affect the muscular and nervous tissues; or practitioners of high-impact physical activity. The participants were submitted to two assessments of perineal pressure on the same day, with different evaluators. After one week the protocol was repeated. Perineal pressure was determined by means of a perineometer and obtained by the difference between the maximum pressure (Pmax) and the minimum pressure (Pmin) recorded by the device, in millimeters of mercury. Sustained contraction (SC) was evaluated by the time in seconds. In order to determine reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland-Altman test was used for the concordance analysis. Comparison of means was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 23.8±2.9 years and a body mass index of 22.2±1.8 kg / m². The evaluator A obtained excellent intra-rater reliability for Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01) and Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01); very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.65, p=0.01); and no statistical significance for SC. For evaluator B, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.78, p<0.01) and SC (ICC = 0.70, p<0.01). In the inter-rater analysis (A vs B), on day 1 there was no statistical significance for Pmin, Pmax and perineal pressure; but there was very good reliability for SC (ICC=0.71, p<0.01). On day 2, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.62, p=0.02) and good for SC (ICC=0.56, p=0.03). There was agreement between intra and inter-rater measurements.CONCLUSIONS: Perineal pressure measurements showed very good intra-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability, with intra and inter-rater concordance.
目的:验证孕妇会阴压力评估的内部和内部的可靠性和一致性。方法:年轻、健康、未生育、有过性行为且体检时会阴肌肉正确收缩的未怀孕妇女。如果女性在会阴收缩过程中以视觉可感知的方式使用其他肌肉，则被排除在外;骨盆肌张力的变化;有尿失禁;认知改变;患有可能影响肌肉和神经组织的疾病的;或者从事高强度体力活动的人。参与者在同一天接受两次会阴压力评估，由不同的评估者进行评估。一周后，重复上述步骤。会阴压力由会阴计测定，并由设备记录的最大压力(Pmax)和最小压力(Pmin)之差获得，单位为毫米汞柱。持续收缩(SC)以秒为单位进行评估。为了确定信度，采用了类内相关系数(ICC)。采用Bland-Altman检验进行一致性分析。均数比较采用Wilcoxon检验。p≤0.05被认为是显著的。结果:纳入10例受试者，平均年龄23.8±2.9岁，体重指数22.2±1.8 kg / m²。评估者A对Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01)和Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01)的评分内信度极佳;会阴压力的可靠性很好(ICC=0.65, p=0.01);对于B评估者，Pmin和Pmax的可靠性无统计学意义，但会阴压力(ICC=0.78, p<0.01)和SC (ICC= 0.70, p<0.01)的可靠性非常好。对比分析(A vs B)，第1天Pmin、Pmax、会阴压力差异无统计学意义;但SC的信度非常好(ICC=0.71, p<0.01)。第2天，Pmin和Pmax的可靠性无统计学意义，但会阴压的可靠性很好(ICC=0.62, p=0.02)， SC的可靠性很好(ICC=0.56, p=0.03)。内部和内部测量结果一致。结论:会阴压力测量结果具有良好的组内信度和良好至良好的组间信度，组内和组间具有一致性。
{"title":"Confiabilidade e concordância intra e interavaliadores na avaliação da pressão perineal em nulíparas","authors":"M. Martins, D. Z. Dreher, C. C. Callegaro, E. Berlezi","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32614","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To verify intra and inter-rater reliability and concordance in the assessment of perineal pressure in nulliparous women.METHODS: Young, healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant women who had had sexual intercourse and had a correct contraction of the perineal musculature on physical examination were included. Women were excluded if they used other muscles in a visually perceptible way during the perineal contraction; with changes in the pelvic muscles tone; with urinary incontinence; with cognitive alterations; with disease that could affect the muscular and nervous tissues; or practitioners of high-impact physical activity. The participants were submitted to two assessments of perineal pressure on the same day, with different evaluators. After one week the protocol was repeated. Perineal pressure was determined by means of a perineometer and obtained by the difference between the maximum pressure (Pmax) and the minimum pressure (Pmin) recorded by the device, in millimeters of mercury. Sustained contraction (SC) was evaluated by the time in seconds. In order to determine reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland-Altman test was used for the concordance analysis. Comparison of means was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 23.8±2.9 years and a body mass index of 22.2±1.8 kg / m². The evaluator A obtained excellent intra-rater reliability for Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01) and Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01); very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.65, p=0.01); and no statistical significance for SC. For evaluator B, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.78, p<0.01) and SC (ICC = 0.70, p<0.01). In the inter-rater analysis (A vs B), on day 1 there was no statistical significance for Pmin, Pmax and perineal pressure; but there was very good reliability for SC (ICC=0.71, p<0.01). On day 2, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.62, p=0.02) and good for SC (ICC=0.56, p=0.03). There was agreement between intra and inter-rater measurements.CONCLUSIONS: Perineal pressure measurements showed very good intra-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability, with intra and inter-rater concordance.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67078726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32295
M. Salerno, Fábio Herrmann, L. Debon, M. Soldatelli, G. Forte, M. Bastos, E. Sarria, I. Antonello, R. Mattiello
AIMS: To validate the Brazilian version of the Fresno test of competence in Evidence-Based Medicine.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, validation study. Phase 1: translation of the Fresno instrument. Phase 2: validation of the translated version, which was tested in 70 undergraduate medical students. The psychometric properties evaluated were validity, internal consistency, and sensitivity to change.RESULTS: Overall, validity was adequate; most items showed a moderate to strong and significant correlation with the total score; there was an important and significant difference between both groups, with and without previous contact with Evidence-Based Medicine (median, 55 [IQ25-75, 45.2-61.7] vs. median, 18.5 [IQ25-75, 6.0-29.7]) (p <0.001). Internal consistency was also adequate (α-C 0.718), and sensitivity to change showed a considerable and significant difference between pre and post-test (median, 18.5 [IQ25-75, 6.0-29.7] vs. median, 44 [IQ25-75, 34.0-60.0]) (p <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the Fresno test showed satisfactory psychometric properties, and it can now be used as a tool to assess the knowledge and skills of Evidence-Based Medicine in Brazilian medical students.
{"title":"Brazilian version of the Fresno test of competence in Evidence-Based Medicine: a validation study","authors":"M. Salerno, Fábio Herrmann, L. Debon, M. Soldatelli, G. Forte, M. Bastos, E. Sarria, I. Antonello, R. Mattiello","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32295","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To validate the Brazilian version of the Fresno test of competence in Evidence-Based Medicine.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, validation study. Phase 1: translation of the Fresno instrument. Phase 2: validation of the translated version, which was tested in 70 undergraduate medical students. The psychometric properties evaluated were validity, internal consistency, and sensitivity to change.RESULTS: Overall, validity was adequate; most items showed a moderate to strong and significant correlation with the total score; there was an important and significant difference between both groups, with and without previous contact with Evidence-Based Medicine (median, 55 [IQ25-75, 45.2-61.7] vs. median, 18.5 [IQ25-75, 6.0-29.7]) (p <0.001). Internal consistency was also adequate (α-C 0.718), and sensitivity to change showed a considerable and significant difference between pre and post-test (median, 18.5 [IQ25-75, 6.0-29.7] vs. median, 44 [IQ25-75, 34.0-60.0]) (p <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the Fresno test showed satisfactory psychometric properties, and it can now be used as a tool to assess the knowledge and skills of Evidence-Based Medicine in Brazilian medical students.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47693355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-17DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32159
Larissa Cristina Tavares de Castro, Z. Calamita
AIMS: To report the case of a patient diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, describing the clinical picture, the diagnostic investigation process, the therapeutic approaches and the clinical outcome of the patient. To carry out a literature review of case reports addressing patients with the common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease association. Emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.CASE DESCRIPTION: A male patient was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency at nine years of age and with non-specific inflammatory bowel disease at 10 years, after colonoscopy and colonic biopsy indicated moderate lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic infiltrate and some neutrophils in lamina propria, with absence of granulomas. At age 14, the diagnosis of Crohn-like disease was confirmed by specialist after correlation between clinical history and complementary exams. Currently with 18 years of age, the patient is under treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin, infliximab and azathioprine, with stabilization of the clinical picture.CONCLUSIONS: The literature review identified 11 case reports on the association between common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, with no Brazilian studies, which highlights the rarity of such association. In this report, the patient received extensive and empirical treatments due to the difficulty in reaching a specific diagnosis, which was only performed at age 14, when more targeted and individualized treatment was started. Although currently stable, the patient presented several complications during the diagnostic investigation, which emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and more precise treatment, targeted to meet the health needs of these patients.
{"title":"Imunodeficiência comum variável associada à doença de Crohn-like: relato de caso e revisão da literatura","authors":"Larissa Cristina Tavares de Castro, Z. Calamita","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32159","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To report the case of a patient diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, describing the clinical picture, the diagnostic investigation process, the therapeutic approaches and the clinical outcome of the patient. To carry out a literature review of case reports addressing patients with the common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease association. Emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.CASE DESCRIPTION: A male patient was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency at nine years of age and with non-specific inflammatory bowel disease at 10 years, after colonoscopy and colonic biopsy indicated moderate lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic infiltrate and some neutrophils in lamina propria, with absence of granulomas. At age 14, the diagnosis of Crohn-like disease was confirmed by specialist after correlation between clinical history and complementary exams. Currently with 18 years of age, the patient is under treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin, infliximab and azathioprine, with stabilization of the clinical picture.CONCLUSIONS: The literature review identified 11 case reports on the association between common variable immunodeficiency and Crohn-like disease, with no Brazilian studies, which highlights the rarity of such association. In this report, the patient received extensive and empirical treatments due to the difficulty in reaching a specific diagnosis, which was only performed at age 14, when more targeted and individualized treatment was started. Although currently stable, the patient presented several complications during the diagnostic investigation, which emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and more precise treatment, targeted to meet the health needs of these patients.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46082398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-17DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32157
L. M. Almeida, E. F. C. Bailão, I. R. Pereira, F. Ferreira, P. D’Abadia, L. Borges, F. S. Matos, R. Lino-Júnior, Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis, P. J. Gonçalves
AIMS: To perform a physicochemical and phytochemical characterization of Jatropha curcas latex and to investigate its antiangiogenic potential. METHODS: We performed an initial physicochemical characterization of J. curcas latex using thermal gravimetric analyses and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. After that, phenols, tannins and flavonoids were quantified. Finally, the potential of J. curcas latex to inhibit angiogenesis was evaluated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Five groups of 20 fertilized chicken eggs each had the chorioallantoic membrane exposed to the following solutions: (1) water, negative control; (2) dexamethasone, angiogenesis inhibitor; (3) Regederm®, positive control; (4) 25% J. curcas latex diluted in water; (5) 50% J. curcas latex diluted in water; and (6) J. curcas crude latex. Analysis of the newly-formed vascular net was made through captured images and quantification of the number of pixels. Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the inflammation, neovascularization, and hyperemia parameters. The results were statically analyzed with a significance level set at p ˂0.05.RESULTS: Physicochemical characterization showed that J. curcas latex presented a low amount of cis-1.4-polyisoprene, which reduced its elasticity and thermal stability. Phytochemical analyses of J. curcas latex identified a substantial amount of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids (51.9%, 11.8%, and 0.07% respectively). Using a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, we demonstrated the antiangiogenic potential of J. curcas latex. The latex induced a decrease in the vascularization of the membranes when compared with neutral and positive controls (water and Regederm®). However, when compared with the negative control (dexamethasone), higher J. curcas latex concentrations showed no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: J. curcas latex showed low thermal stability, and consisted of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, but little or no rubber. Moreover, this latex demonstrated a significant antiangiogenic activity on a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The combination of antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties makes J. curcas latex a potential target for the development of new drugs.
{"title":"Antiangiogenic potential of Jatropha curcas latex in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model","authors":"L. M. Almeida, E. F. C. Bailão, I. R. Pereira, F. Ferreira, P. D’Abadia, L. Borges, F. S. Matos, R. Lino-Júnior, Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis, P. J. Gonçalves","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32157","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To perform a physicochemical and phytochemical characterization of Jatropha curcas latex and to investigate its antiangiogenic potential. METHODS: We performed an initial physicochemical characterization of J. curcas latex using thermal gravimetric analyses and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. After that, phenols, tannins and flavonoids were quantified. Finally, the potential of J. curcas latex to inhibit angiogenesis was evaluated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Five groups of 20 fertilized chicken eggs each had the chorioallantoic membrane exposed to the following solutions: (1) water, negative control; (2) dexamethasone, angiogenesis inhibitor; (3) Regederm®, positive control; (4) 25% J. curcas latex diluted in water; (5) 50% J. curcas latex diluted in water; and (6) J. curcas crude latex. Analysis of the newly-formed vascular net was made through captured images and quantification of the number of pixels. Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the inflammation, neovascularization, and hyperemia parameters. The results were statically analyzed with a significance level set at p ˂0.05.RESULTS: Physicochemical characterization showed that J. curcas latex presented a low amount of cis-1.4-polyisoprene, which reduced its elasticity and thermal stability. Phytochemical analyses of J. curcas latex identified a substantial amount of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids (51.9%, 11.8%, and 0.07% respectively). Using a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, we demonstrated the antiangiogenic potential of J. curcas latex. The latex induced a decrease in the vascularization of the membranes when compared with neutral and positive controls (water and Regederm®). However, when compared with the negative control (dexamethasone), higher J. curcas latex concentrations showed no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: J. curcas latex showed low thermal stability, and consisted of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, but little or no rubber. Moreover, this latex demonstrated a significant antiangiogenic activity on a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The combination of antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties makes J. curcas latex a potential target for the development of new drugs.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.32157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32395
A. Kamath, Rashmi Rao, Preethi J Shenoy, S. Ullal
AIMS: To determine the learning approach of second-year undergraduate medical students and whether a surface or deep approach to learning had any correlation with the pharmacology sessional and university examination marks obtained.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among second-year medical students in their fifth semester. To determine the students’ learning approach, whether superficial or deep, we used the Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), which contains 20 items in the form of a five-point Likert scale and is suitable for use in higher education settings. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated using the scores obtained from a sample of 20 students to determine the internal consistency. To determine the relationship between the learning approach and examination scores, the average of the individual sessional examination marks and the university examination scores obtained by the students were calculated.RESULTS: Of the 170 students who participated in the study, 87 (51.2%) were females. The Cronbach’s alpha value was considered acceptable for both surface and deep approach. While the academic performance was significantly better in females (U = 2571.5; p = 0.001), no difference was seen in the learning approach based on gender. Fifty (29.4%) students had a higher score for the surface approach. This group had lower examination scores compared with those with equal scores for surface and deep approach or higher scores for the deep approach. A weak negative correlation was seen between the examination marks and surface approach (τb = −0.167; p = 0.002). When analyzed based on gender, the correlation was statistically significant only in females (τb = −0.173; p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: A weak negative correlation was seen between the examination marks and surface approach to learning. Although statistically significant, the actual difference between the groups was of a small magnitude. Hence, whether promoting deep learning approach improves academic performance in terms of marks obtained in the examination needs to be confirmed by further studies.
{"title":"Approaches to learning and academic performance in pharmacology among second-year undergraduate medical students","authors":"A. Kamath, Rashmi Rao, Preethi J Shenoy, S. Ullal","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32395","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To determine the learning approach of second-year undergraduate medical students and whether a surface or deep approach to learning had any correlation with the pharmacology sessional and university examination marks obtained.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among second-year medical students in their fifth semester. To determine the students’ learning approach, whether superficial or deep, we used the Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), which contains 20 items in the form of a five-point Likert scale and is suitable for use in higher education settings. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated using the scores obtained from a sample of 20 students to determine the internal consistency. To determine the relationship between the learning approach and examination scores, the average of the individual sessional examination marks and the university examination scores obtained by the students were calculated.RESULTS: Of the 170 students who participated in the study, 87 (51.2%) were females. The Cronbach’s alpha value was considered acceptable for both surface and deep approach. While the academic performance was significantly better in females (U = 2571.5; p = 0.001), no difference was seen in the learning approach based on gender. Fifty (29.4%) students had a higher score for the surface approach. This group had lower examination scores compared with those with equal scores for surface and deep approach or higher scores for the deep approach. A weak negative correlation was seen between the examination marks and surface approach (τb = −0.167; p = 0.002). When analyzed based on gender, the correlation was statistically significant only in females (τb = −0.173; p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: A weak negative correlation was seen between the examination marks and surface approach to learning. Although statistically significant, the actual difference between the groups was of a small magnitude. Hence, whether promoting deep learning approach improves academic performance in terms of marks obtained in the examination needs to be confirmed by further studies.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41333613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32808
E. G. Lago
Although the advent of childhood vaccination is considered the scientific achievement of the twentieth century with the greatest impact on public health, the issue of vaccine hesitation/refusal continues. The World Health Organization, recognizing the increasing risk of this problem and the need for special attention, has created, within the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, a working group specially focused on the subject, the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. A recent report from this group concluded that research on the reasons and degree of vaccine hesitation/refusal is important and can help inform and refine the approaches to be implemented at both national and subnational levels. Within this context, Scientia Medica publishes in this issue a survey carried out in a region in the north of Portugal, which identified cases of vaccine refusal in all social classes and investigated their motives.
{"title":"Hesitação/recusa vacinal: um assunto em pauta – Editorial","authors":"E. G. Lago","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32808","url":null,"abstract":"Although the advent of childhood vaccination is considered the scientific achievement of the twentieth century with the greatest impact on public health, the issue of vaccine hesitation/refusal continues. The World Health Organization, recognizing the increasing risk of this problem and the need for special attention, has created, within the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, a working group specially focused on the subject, the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. A recent report from this group concluded that research on the reasons and degree of vaccine hesitation/refusal is important and can help inform and refine the approaches to be implemented at both national and subnational levels. Within this context, Scientia Medica publishes in this issue a survey carried out in a region in the north of Portugal, which identified cases of vaccine refusal in all social classes and investigated their motives.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47923449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32169
Joana Verdelho Andrade, Catarina Resende, Joana Campos, Cristina Batista, Cristina Faria, C. Figueiredo, Vitor Bastos, Nuno Andrade, I. Andrade
AIMS: To analyze the data on pregnancies with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and to investigate the newborns' outcome, in a level II hospital in Portugal.METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study included newborns at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis and their mothers, whose delivery occurred between January 2000 and December 2015. The inclusion criteria were mother with seroconversion to toxoplasmosis during pregnancy or first serum sample with positive specific IgM and IgG. The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was defined by positive specific IgM at birth and/or polymerase chain reaction positive in amniotic fluid and/or persistence of specific IgG up to 12 months of life. Congenital toxoplasmosis was defined as symptomatic when clinical findings were attributed to the disease. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to test associations between variables, assuming statistical significance when p <0.05.RESULTS: There were 39,585 live births in the study period and 98 cases with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis were identified, of which 89 completed the follow-up. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in the pregnant women was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24-27%). Twenty-two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis (5.6 per 10,000 live births, 95%CI 3.5-8.5 per 10,000) were confirmed. Of the 22 newborns, 18 (82%, 95%CI 61-93%) were symptomatic. The most frequent clinical findings were intracranial calcification (64%), hepatomegaly and / or elevation of transaminases (32%) and retinochoroiditis (14%). Cerebral lesions were more frequent when maternal infection was documented in the first and second trimester compared to the third trimester (p=0.018). In 31 cases (35%), the pregnant women were treated from the time of diagnosis until delivery with spiramycin, and no differences were found regarding the rate of vertical transmission or the appearance of clinical manifestations among the newborns of treated and non-treated mothers treated.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was higher than that reported in other European countries. The prevalence of intracranial calcifications was higher than that described in the literature, whereas retinochoroiditis and strabismus occurrence was lower. Brain lesions in newborns were more frequent in first- and second-trimester infections. There was no difference in the rate of vertical transmission and in the occurrence of clinical manifestations among newborns whose mothers received spiramycin during gestation and those whose mothers did not receive treatment.
{"title":"Recém-nascidos com risco de toxoplasmose congênita, revisão de 16 anos","authors":"Joana Verdelho Andrade, Catarina Resende, Joana Campos, Cristina Batista, Cristina Faria, C. Figueiredo, Vitor Bastos, Nuno Andrade, I. Andrade","doi":"10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32169","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS: To analyze the data on pregnancies with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and to investigate the newborns' outcome, in a level II hospital in Portugal.METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study included newborns at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis and their mothers, whose delivery occurred between January 2000 and December 2015. The inclusion criteria were mother with seroconversion to toxoplasmosis during pregnancy or first serum sample with positive specific IgM and IgG. The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was defined by positive specific IgM at birth and/or polymerase chain reaction positive in amniotic fluid and/or persistence of specific IgG up to 12 months of life. Congenital toxoplasmosis was defined as symptomatic when clinical findings were attributed to the disease. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to test associations between variables, assuming statistical significance when p <0.05.RESULTS: There were 39,585 live births in the study period and 98 cases with risk of congenital toxoplasmosis were identified, of which 89 completed the follow-up. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in the pregnant women was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24-27%). Twenty-two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis (5.6 per 10,000 live births, 95%CI 3.5-8.5 per 10,000) were confirmed. Of the 22 newborns, 18 (82%, 95%CI 61-93%) were symptomatic. The most frequent clinical findings were intracranial calcification (64%), hepatomegaly and / or elevation of transaminases (32%) and retinochoroiditis (14%). Cerebral lesions were more frequent when maternal infection was documented in the first and second trimester compared to the third trimester (p=0.018). In 31 cases (35%), the pregnant women were treated from the time of diagnosis until delivery with spiramycin, and no differences were found regarding the rate of vertical transmission or the appearance of clinical manifestations among the newborns of treated and non-treated mothers treated.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was higher than that reported in other European countries. The prevalence of intracranial calcifications was higher than that described in the literature, whereas retinochoroiditis and strabismus occurrence was lower. Brain lesions in newborns were more frequent in first- and second-trimester infections. There was no difference in the rate of vertical transmission and in the occurrence of clinical manifestations among newborns whose mothers received spiramycin during gestation and those whose mothers did not receive treatment.","PeriodicalId":44024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Medica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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