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Intersubjectivity and the meaning of Nordic Walking practice in the view of people with Parkinson’s disease 帕金森病患者视野中的主体间性与北欧步行实践意义
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2022.1.39969
Veronica Jocasta Casarotto, Milena Nardini Bubols, Anelise Ineu Figueiredo, Rafael Reimann Baptista, L. A. Peyré-Tartaruga, R. Mestriner
Aims: whilst Nordic Walking (NW) practice is spreading worldwide, few studies have addressed the issue of intersubjectivity and the perception of PD individuals practicing NW and its possible impact on their daily life across different countries and cultures. This pilot study sought to explore the possible relationship between the habit of practicing NW and the perception of functionality and quality of life in the participants’ cultural context. Methods: the focus group (FG) technique was used, with 10 individuals participating in a NW program. Results: content analysis revealed five main discourse categories: a) “NW benefits for people with PD”; b) “incorporation of the NW poles in daily life”; c) “Belonging to a NW group as a treatment aid”; d) “how PD people feel about their condition”; and, finally, e) “the present and the future: expectations and issues”. Conclusion: in general, NW was found to generates positive content regarding coping with PD, beyond the biomechanical and quantitative functional effects previously studied. We suggest NW might be an important adjuvant resource for improving perceived functionality among people with PD.
目的:尽管北欧步行(NW)实践正在全球范围内传播,但很少有研究涉及主体间性问题,以及PD个体在不同国家和文化中练习NW的感知及其对日常生活的可能影响。这项试点研究试图探索在参与者的文化背景下,练习NW的习惯与对功能和生活质量的感知之间的可能关系。方法:采用焦点小组(FG)技术,10人参加NW项目。结果:内容分析揭示了五个主要的话语类别:a)“NW对PD患者的益处”;b) “将北极纳入日常生活”;c) “属于NW群体作为治疗辅助”;d) “帕金森病患者对自身状况的感受”;最后,e)“现在和未来:期望和问题”。结论:总的来说,NW在应对PD方面产生了积极的内容,超出了先前研究的生物力学和定量功能效应。我们认为NW可能是改善PD患者感知功能的重要辅助资源。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of regular physical exercise on skin blood flow and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects 定期体育锻炼对超重和肥胖受试者皮肤血流量和心血管危险因素的影响
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2022.1.41980
Tuğba Kılıç, C. Bağcı, M. Göl, H. Çelik, D. Kaplan
Objective: it is well known that low omentin levels and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) are outgrowth of obesity. Besides, in obese subjects, microvascular dysfunction can be an initial stage of cardiovascular diseases. This situation can be evaluated with skin laser–Doppler flowmetry (LDF).Methods: in this study we investigated the effects of 12 weeks moderate physical exercise on microvascular reactivity and plasma levels of omentin and NO in 25 overweight and obese subjects. Control group was composed of 28 sedentary participants who were neither obese nor overweight. Microvascular reactivity was handled by measurement of skin blood flow from the ring finger of the right hand with LDF, which is a non–invasive method for evaluation. With this method, it was aimed to examine the post–occlusive reactive hyperemia response of the patients. None of the participants in both groups have never followed a regular exercise schedule in their life span.Results: with regular exercise, there was a statistically significant decrease in glucose (p=0.008), cholesterol (p=0.05), and triglyceride (p=0.048) levels, while body mass index, high–density lipoprotein, and low–density lipoprotein levels did not change significantly in overweight/obese group. Also, the omentin level significantly increased (p=0.01), but NO level did not change significantly. Moreover, the amount of change in omentin and NO levels measured before and after the physical exercise were significantly correlated (r=0.57). Considering the microcirculation, rest flow (p=0.001) and peak flow value of LDF (p=0.001) increased after the physical exercise.Conclusion: our study shows that moderate physical exercise affects microvascular reactivity and plasma levels of omentin in overweight and obese subjects.
目的:众所周知,低网膜蛋白水平和一氧化氮(NO)的生物利用度降低是肥胖的结果。此外,在肥胖受试者中,微血管功能障碍可能是心血管疾病的初始阶段。这种情况可以通过皮肤激光-多普勒流量计(LDF)进行评估。方法:在本研究中,我们研究了为期12周的适度体育锻炼对25名超重和肥胖受试者的微血管反应性以及血浆网膜蛋白和NO水平的影响。对照组由28名久坐不动的参与者组成,他们既不肥胖也不超重。通过LDF测量右手无名指的皮肤血流量来处理微血管反应性,这是一种非侵入性评估方法。采用这种方法,旨在检查患者闭塞后的反应性充血反应。两组参与者中没有一人在一生中从未遵循过定期锻炼计划。结果:有规律的运动后,超重/肥胖组的血糖(p=0.008)、胆固醇(p=0.005)和甘油三酯(p=0.048)水平有统计学意义的降低,而体重指数、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白水平没有显著变化。此外,网膜蛋白水平显著升高(p=0.01),但NO水平没有显著变化。此外,运动前后测量的网膜蛋白和NO水平的变化量显著相关(r=0.57)。考虑到微循环,运动后静息流量(p=0.001)和LDF峰值流量(p=0.001)增加。结论:我们的研究表明,适度的体育锻炼会影响超重和肥胖受试者的微血管反应性和网膜蛋白血浆水平。
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引用次数: 0
Espondilodiscite em idade pediátrica – uma doença rara, um diagnóstico difícil 小儿脊椎脊髓炎——一种罕见的疾病,难以诊断
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2022.1.41086
Madalena Meira Nisa, Jessica Sousa, Joana Pimenta, Joaquina Antunes, Dora Gomes, Cristina Faria
Introdução e objetivo: a espondilodiscite é a infeção que atinge o disco intervertebral e as vértebras contíguas e representa dois a quatro % do total das infeções osteoarticulares em idade pediátrica. O agente patogénico é identificado em cerca de metade dos casos, sendo o Staphylococcus aureus o mais frequentemente isolado. Estudos recentes demonstram que entre os seis meses e os quatro anos a Kingella kingae tem um papel etiológico importante. O objetivo da exposição deste caso clínico foi chamar atenção para esta patologia rara cujo diagnóstico é difícil e exige um elevado nível de suspeição.Descrição do caso: criança de 16 meses, sexo masculino, com antecedentes de obstipação, é trazida múltiplas vezes à Urgência Pediátrica por quadro com mais de um mês de evolução de irritabilidade persistente, dor abdominal e recusa da marcha de agravamento progressivo. Na segunda vinda à Urgência Pediátrica apresentava dorsolombalgia à palpação da coluna dorsolombar e diminuição da lordose lombar, o que motivou a realização de avaliação analítica, sumária de urina, ecografia renal e vesical e radiografia dorsolombar sem alterações. Na terceira vinda à Urgência Pediátrica foi decidido internamento e solicitada ressonância magnética nuclear dorsolombar e cintigrafia óssea que revelaram espondilodiscite em D7-D8. Parâmetros analíticos sem alterações valorizáveis, exceto discreta elevação da velocidade de sedimentação. Hemoculturas e restante estudo etiológico negativo. Iniciou terapêutica endovenosa com cefuroxime e flucloxacilina, com melhoria progressiva das queixas álgicas. Aquando da alta, assintomático, mantendo flucloxacilina oral até completar seis semanas de tratamento. Reavaliado posteriormente, encontrando-se assintomático, com um exame físico, reavaliação analítica e radiografia dorsolombar sem alterações.Conclusões: a espondilodiscite é uma identidade de difícil diagnóstico, especialmente na criança, devido à sua raridade, clínica inespecífica, impossibilidade de as crianças verbalizarem os seus sintomas e aos sinais radiológicos tardios, requerendo um alto índice de suspeição. O intervalo médio de tempo entre o início dos sintomas e o diagnóstico é de três semanas a três meses. A ressonância magnética é o exame de escolha. As hemoculturas são, muitas vezes, negativas. O pilar do tratamento é a antibioterapia por várias semanas, mas a sua escolha e duração são controversas. O tratamento inadequado pode originar dor crônica, sequelas ortopédicas graves e complicações neurológicas devastadoras. Quando atempada e adequadamente tratada, a maioria dos casos apresenta uma evolução clínica benigna e autolimitada.
引言和目的:椎间盘炎是一种影响椎间盘和相邻椎骨的感染,占儿童骨关节感染总数的2%至4%。在大约一半的病例中发现了病原体,金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的分离株。最近的研究表明,在6个月至4年之间,金龟子具有重要的病因作用。暴露这一临床病例的目的是引起人们对这种罕见病理的关注,这种病理的诊断很困难,需要高度怀疑。病例描述:一名有便秘史的16个月大的男性儿童因持续易怒、腹痛和拒绝渐进性步态恶化超过一个月而多次被带到儿科急诊室。在第二次儿科急诊就诊时,她在触摸背部脊柱时出现背部疼痛,腰椎前凸减少,这促使她进行分析评估、尿液总结、肾脏和膀胱超声以及背部造影,但没有改变。在第三次儿科急诊就诊时,决定住院治疗,并要求进行背侧核磁共振成像和骨闪烁扫描,结果显示D7-D8椎间盘炎。分析参数没有任何有价值的变化,只是沉积速度略有上升。血液培养和其余病原学研究均为阴性。她开始静脉注射头孢呋辛和氟氯西林,疼痛症状逐渐改善。出院时,无症状,维持口服氟氯西林直到治疗六周。随后进行了重新评估,无症状,进行了体检、分析性重新评估和背部放射检查,没有任何改变。结论:椎间盘炎是一种难以诊断的疾病,尤其是在儿童中,因为它的罕见性、非特异性临床、儿童无法用语言表达自己的症状和晚期放射学体征,需要高度怀疑。症状出现和诊断之间的平均时间间隔为三周到三个月。核磁共振成像是首选检查。血液培养通常是阴性的。治疗的支柱是持续数周的抗生素治疗,但其选择和持续时间存在争议。不适当的治疗会导致慢性疼痛、严重的骨科后遗症和毁灭性的神经系统并发症。如果及时和充分治疗,大多数病例呈现良性和自我限制的临床演变。
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引用次数: 0
The use of deliberate reflection to reduce confirmation bias among orthopedic surgery residents 使用深思熟虑的反思来减少骨科住院医师的确认偏差
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2022.1.42216
A. B. Chaves, A. Moura, Rosa M Delbone Faria, L. C. Ribeiro
Introduction: cognitive biases might affect decision-making processes such as clinical reasoning and confirmation bias is among the most important ones. The use of strategies that stimulate deliberate reflection during the diagnostic process seems to reduce availability bias, but its effect in reducing confirmation bias needs to be evaluated.Aims: to examine whether deliberate reflection reduces confirmation bias and increases the diagnostic accuracy of orthopedic residents solving written clinical cases.Methods: experimental study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of orthopedic residents in the resolution of eight written clinical cases containing a referral diagnosis. Half of the written cases had a wrong referral diagnosis. One group of residents used deliberate reflection (RG), which stimulates comparison and contrast of clinical hypotheses in a systematic manner, and a control group (CG), was asked to provide differential diagnoses with no further instruction. The study included 55 third-year orthopedic residents, 27 allocated to the RG and 28 to the CG.Results: residents on the RG had higher diagnostic scores than the CG for clinical cases with a correct referral diagnosis (62.0±20.1 vs. 49.1±21.0 respectively; p = 0.021). For clinical cases with incorrect referral diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy was similar between residents on the RG and those on the CG (39.8±24.3 vs. 44.6±26.7 respectively; p = 0.662). We observed an overall confirmation bias in 26.3% of initial diagnoses (non-analytic phase) and 19.5% of final diagnoses (analytic phase) when solving clinical cases with incorrect referral diagnosis. Residents from RG showed a reduction in confirmation of incorrect referral diagnosis when comparing the initial diagnosis given in the non-analytic phase with the one provided as the final diagnosis (25.9±17.7 vs. 17.6±18.1, respectively; Cohen d: 0.46; p = 0.003). In the CG, the reduction in the confirmation of incorrect diagnosis was not statistically significant.Conclusions: confirmation bias was present when residents solved written clinical cases with incorrect referral diagnoses, and deliberate reflection reduced such bias. Despite the reduction in confirmation bias, diagnostic accuracy of residents from the RG was similar to those from the CG when solving the set of clinical cases with a wrong referral diagnosis.
引言:认知偏差可能会影响决策过程,如临床推理和确认偏差是最重要的因素之一。在诊断过程中使用刺激深思熟虑的策略似乎可以减少可用性偏差,但其在减少确认偏差方面的效果需要评估。目的:检查故意反思是否减少了骨科住院医师解决书面临床病例的确认偏差并提高了诊断准确性。方法:实验研究比较骨科住院医师对8例包含转诊诊断的书面临床病例的诊断准确性。一半的书面病例有错误的转诊诊断。一组居民使用了刻意反思(RG),以系统的方式刺激临床假设的比较和对比,而对照组(CG)则被要求在没有进一步指导的情况下提供鉴别诊断。该研究包括55名骨科三年级住院医师,其中27名分配给RG,28名分配给CG。结果:对于转诊诊断正确的临床病例,RG住院医师的诊断得分高于CG(分别为62.0±20.1和49.1±21.0;p=0.021),RG住院患者和CG住院患者的诊断准确性相似(分别为39.8±24.3和44.6±26.7;p=0.662)。在解决转诊诊断错误的临床病例时,我们观察到26.3%的初始诊断(非分析阶段)和19.5%的最终诊断(分析阶段)存在总体确认偏差。RG的居民在将非分析阶段给出的初始诊断与最终诊断进行比较时,对错误转诊诊断的确认有所减少(分别为25.9±17.7和17.6±18.1;Cohen d:0.46;p=0.003)。在CG中,错误诊断的确认减少没有统计学意义。结论:当住院医师解决了转诊诊断不正确的书面临床病例时,存在确认偏差,而深思熟虑的反思减少了这种偏差。尽管确认偏差有所减少,但在解决一组错误转诊诊断的临床病例时,RG住院患者的诊断准确性与CG住院患者相似。
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引用次数: 0
Síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica (SIMS) pós-COVID-19 covid -19后多系统炎症综合征(SIMS)
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2022.1.42436
H. L. Staub, Lia Portella Staub
INTRODUÇÃO: A potencial associação da COVID-19 com fenômenos inflamatórios e autoimunes abre um novo capítulo na prática clínica. Entre várias condições inflamatórias descritas no pós-COVID-19, destacam-se a doença de Kawasaki e uma nova afecção denominada síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica.OBJETIVOS: Revisar, de forma prática e concisa, conceito e critérios diagnósticos da síndrome inflamatória multisistêmica, as sobreposições com a doença de Kawasaki, assim como a imunopatogênese e o tratamento desta nova e intrigante enfermidade.MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura disponível na base de dados Pubmed, com ênfase em revisões sistemáticas com metaanálises.RESULTADOS: A síndrome inflamatória multisistêmica se configura como uma condição hiperinflamatória multiorgânica pós-viral. A condição é primordialmente pediátrica, e os primeiros casos foram descritos na Inglaterra em maio de 2020. Os critérios diagnósticos são ainda imprecisos, e incluem algumas manifestações doença de Kawasaki-símiles. A síndrome inflamatória multisistêmica difere da doença de Kawasaki, entretanto, por geralmente acometer crianças acima cinco anos e de raças negras ou hispânicas; em termos clínicos, se distingue pela alta frequência de gastroenteropatia, miocardiopatia e choque. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui sepse bacteriana, síndrome de ativação macrofágica e formas sistêmicas de artrite reumatoide. Uma hiperexpressão de interferons e de outras citocinas inflamatórias caracteriza patogenicamente a síndrome inflamatória mulsistêmica. A enfermidade é, via de regra, responsiva a cuidados de terapia intensiva, corticóides, imunoglobulina intravenosa e imunobiológicos.CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome inflamatória multisistêmica é uma nova e complexa afecção hiperinflamatória associada à exposição prévia ao SARS-CoV-2. Apresenta instigantes interfaces com a doença de Kawasaki. Apesar da descrição recente, a literatura já é quantitativamente robusta, e algumas pendências de imunopatogênese, critérios diagnósticos e terapêutica deverão ser esclarecidas em breve.
简介:COVID-19与炎症和自身免疫现象的潜在联系在临床实践中开启了新的篇章。在covid -19后描述的几种炎症情况中,川崎病和一种称为多系统炎症综合征的新情况脱颖而出。目的:以实用和简洁的方式回顾多系统炎症综合征的概念和诊断标准,与川崎病的重叠,以及这种新的有趣的疾病的免疫发病机制和治疗。方法:回顾Pubmed数据库中的文献,重点是系统综述和荟萃分析。结果:多系统炎症综合征是一种病毒后多器官超炎性疾病。这种情况主要是儿科的,第一批病例于2020年5月在英国被描述。诊断标准仍然不准确,包括川崎病的一些表现。多系统炎症综合征不同于川崎病,然而,它通常影响5岁以上的儿童和黑人或西班牙裔;在临床术语中,它的特点是胃肠病、心肌病和休克的高发生率。鉴别诊断包括细菌性败血症、巨噬细胞激活综合征和全身性类风湿关节炎。干扰素和其他炎症细胞因子的过度表达是多系统炎症综合征的致病性特征。这种疾病通常对重症监护、皮质类固醇、静脉注射免疫球蛋白和免疫生物学有反应。结论:多系统炎症综合征是一种新的复杂的高炎症性疾病,与既往暴露于SARS-CoV-2有关。它与川崎病有令人发指的联系。尽管最近的描述,文献已经在定量上是可靠的,一些悬而未决的免疫发病机制,诊断和治疗标准应该很快澄清。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment of individual competence 个人能力评估
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.41736
J. Leppink
Aims: the assessment of individual competence in medical education is about finding a balance between having sufficient resources to make valid and reliable decisions and not using more resources than necessary. Sequential assessment, in which more resources are used for borderline performing candidates than for poorly or clearly satisfactorily performing candidates, can be used to achieve that balance. Although sequential assessment is commonly associated with larger groups of candidates to be assessed, in many practical settings numbers of candidates may be small.Objective: this article presents a single case design with a statistical model for the assessment of individual competence that can be used regardless of the number of candidates.Method: a worked example of a solution that can be used for an individual candidate, using simulated data in the zero-cost Open Source statistical program R version 4.0.5., is provided.Results: the aforementioned solution provides statistics that can be used to make pass/fail decisions at the level of the individual candidate as well as to make decisions regarding the length and timing of an exam (or parts thereof) for the individual candidate.Conclusion: the solution provided can help to reduce resources needed for assessment to a considerable extent while maximizing resources for borderline candidates. This facilitates both decision making and cost reduction in assessment.
目的:对医学教育中个人能力的评估是在有足够的资源作出有效和可靠的决定和不使用不必要的资源之间找到平衡。顺序评估可以用来实现这种平衡,其中更多的资源用于表现不佳的候选人,而不是表现不佳或表现明显令人满意的候选人。虽然顺序评估通常与较大的待评估候选人群体有关,但在许多实际设置中,候选人的数量可能很小。目的:本文提出了一个单一的案例设计与统计模型,可用于评估个人能力,无论候选人的数量。方法:使用零成本开源统计程序R版本4.0.5中的模拟数据,为个人候选人提供解决方案的工作示例。,提供。结果:上述解决方案提供的统计数据可用于在个人考生的水平上做出通过/不通过的决定,以及决定个人考生考试(或部分考试)的时长和时间。结论:提供的解决方案可以在很大程度上帮助减少评估所需的资源,同时最大限度地为边缘候选人提供资源。这既有利于决策,又有利于降低评估成本。
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引用次数: 1
Indicações de cesárea nas gestantes classificadas como Robson 1 Robson 1型孕妇剖宫产的适应证
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.40497
J.P.F.A. Melo, Fernanda Stelluti Garcia, Amanda Penteado Salazar, Kátia Kosorus
Objetivos: os objetivos foram identificar as indicações mais prevalentes de cesárea em parturientes Robson 1, comparando variáveis maternas, antecedentes obstétricos e resultados perinatais.Métodos: estudo analítico observacional transversal, onde avaliou-se o Livro de Partos e prontuários eletrônicos das gestantes em trabalho de parto, classificadas como Robson 1. As variáveis quantitativas foram comparadas utilizando-se Teste T de Student ou Mann Whitney, às qualitativas foi empregado teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher.Resultados: elegíveis 2267 gestantes, sendo 570 (25,1%) cesáreas. As indicações mais prevalentes de cesariana foram: sofrimento fetal, em 213 (37,4%) dos casos, e desproporção cefalopélvica, em 212 (37,2%). As variáveis relevantes para o desfecho do parto foram: idade materna (razão de chance 1,0), idade gestacional (1,4), índice de massa corpórea pré-gestacional (1,6 em sobrepeso e 1,8 em obesidade) e presença de síndrome hipertensiva (aumentou 3,6).Conclusão: conclui-se que algumas características maternas e obstétricas afetam diretamente a indicação de cesariana.
目的:通过比较产妇变量、产科病史和围产期结果,确定Robson 1孕妇剖宫产最常见的指征。方法:横断面观察性分析研究,评估分娩中孕妇的出生簿和电子病历,分类为Robson 1。定量变量使用Student的T检验或Mann-Whitney检验进行比较,定性变量使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验进行比较。结果:符合条件的孕妇2267例,剖宫产570例(25.1%)。剖宫产最常见的指征是:213例(37.4%)胎儿窘迫,212例(37.2%)头盆腔不平衡。与分娩结果相关的变量为:母亲年龄(比值比1.0)、胎龄(1.4)、孕前体重指数(1.6超重和1.8肥胖)和是否存在高血压综合征(增加3.6)。结论:产妇和产科的某些特点直接影响剖宫产的适应证。
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引用次数: 0
The 12 women who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology 12位获得诺贝尔医学奖或生理学奖的女性
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.40589
A. M. Cardoso, Fernanda Santos Wengrover, M. G. Toneto
Introduction: the Nobel Prize is one of the highest academic honors in the world. Since its first edition, in 1901, until 2021, there have been hundreds of winners. In the Medicine or Physiology category, chosen by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, 112 awards have been given to 224 laureates, among them, only 12 (5.4%) women.Aims and source of data: with the aim of reviewing the biographies, characteristics, and peculiarities of each woman awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology. Data were analyzed from the following sources: the Award page, websites of the institutions to which some of them have been or are affiliated, books with biographies of Nobel laureates in Medicine or Physiology, and articles in the PubMed database.Summary of findings: the average age when receiving the award was 63.4 years. The most recurrent country of origin was the United States of America, also responsible for the largest number of institutions to which the laureates were affiliated at the time of the award. The academic training of the laureates was quite diverse, ranging among medicine, chemistry, physics, biology, pharmacy, psychology and natural sciences. Five of the 12 laureates did not have children.Comments: the origins and trajectories, although plural, have points in common, such as a fascination with science since childhood and the need to overcome additional barriers throughout their education, because of their sex.Conclusion: investments on a global scale are necessary to increase equity between sexes.
诺贝尔奖是世界上最高的学术荣誉之一。从1901年的第一届到2021年,已经有数百名获奖者。在瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡学院评选的医学奖或生理学奖中,112个奖项授予了224名获奖者,其中只有12名(5.4%)是女性。目的和数据来源:目的是回顾每位获得诺贝尔医学奖或生理学奖的女性的传记、特征和特点。数据分析来自以下来源:奖项页面,他们中的一些人曾经或附属的机构的网站,诺贝尔医学或生理学奖获得者传记的书籍,以及PubMed数据库中的文章。调查结果总结:获奖时的平均年龄为63.4岁。最经常出现的原籍国是美利坚合众国,在授奖时,这些获奖者所隶属的机构也最多。获奖者的学术训练相当多样化,包括医学、化学、物理学、生物学、药学、心理学和自然科学。12位获奖者中有5位没有孩子。评论:她们的起源和轨迹虽然多种多样,但也有共同点,比如从小就对科学着迷,以及由于性别原因,她们需要克服整个教育过程中的额外障碍。结论:必须在全球范围内进行投资,以增加两性之间的平等。
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引用次数: 0
Frequência de alterações espirométricas, aprisionamento aéreo e hiperinsuflação pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com asma grave resistente à terapia 严重耐药哮喘儿童和青少年肺活量变化、空气滞留和肺过度充气的频率
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.41296
Claudia Adamatti, João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho, Giovana dos Santos, Anasthácia Ferreira Wiemann, Gabriel Azeredo de Magalhães, P. M. Pitrez
Objetivos: avaliar a frequência de alterações espirométricas e pletismográficas em crianças e adolescentes com asma grave resistente à terapia (AGRT). Além disso, testaram-se possíveis associações entre esses desfechos.Métodos: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram incluídas crianças e adolescentes (6-18 anos), com diagnóstico de AGRT, e que se encontravam em acompanhamento ambulatorial regular. Todos deveriam possuir informações antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal), demográficas (idade, etnia e sexo), clínicas (teste cutâneo, teste de controle da asma, tabagismo familiar e medicações em uso) e de função pulmonar (espirometria e pletismografia corporal) registradas no banco de dados do serviço. Os testes de função pulmonar seguiram as recomendações das diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Para fins estatísticos, utilizou-se análise descritiva e o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson.Resultados: de um total de 15 pacientes com AGRT, 12 deles foram incluídos na amostra. A média de idade foi de 12,2 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (66,7%). Destes, 50,0% apresentaram a doença controlada, 83,3% foram considerados atópicos e 50,0% tinham histórico de tabagismo familiar. Em relação aos testes de função pulmonar (% do previsto), as médias dos parâmetros espirométricos e de plestismografia corporal encontraram-se dentro dos limites inferiores da normalidade. Apenas 16,7% da amostra apresentou espirometria alterada (130,0%) e 16,7% hiperinsuflação pulmonar (capacidade pulmonar total>120,0%). Houve frequência estatisticamente maior (p=0,045) de aprisionamento aéreo nos participantes com espirometria alterada, em comparação à espirometria normal. Contudo, não se observou diferença (p=0,341) em relação à hiperinsuflação pulmonar.Conclusões: os achados demonstraram pouco comprometimento espirométrico e dos volumes e das capacidades pulmonares em crianças e adolescentes com AGRT. Além disso, aqueles participantes com espirometria alterada obtiveram frequência maior de aprisionamento aéreo no exame de pletismografia corporal.
目的:评估儿童和青少年严重耐药哮喘(AGRT)患者肺活量和体积描记图变化的频率。此外,还测试了这些结果之间可能存在的关联。方法:这是一项回顾性研究,包括在常规门诊随访中被诊断为AGRT的儿童和青少年(6-18岁)。所有患者都应在服务数据库中记录人体测量(体重、身高、体重指数)、人口统计(年龄、种族和性别)、临床(皮肤测试、哮喘控制测试、家庭吸烟和使用的药物)和肺功能(肺活量计和体积描记术)信息。肺功能测试遵循国家和国际指南的建议。结果:在15例AGRT患者中,12例纳入样本。平均年龄12.2岁,以女性为主(66.7%)。其中,50.0%的患者病情得到控制,83.3%被认为是特应性,50.0%有家族吸烟史。关于肺功能测试(预测的%),平均肺活量测量参数和体积描记术在正常值的下限内。只有16.7%的样本出现肺活量测定改变(130.0%)和16.7%的肺过度充气(总肺活量>120.0%)。与正常肺活量测定法相比,肺活量测量法改变的参与者出现空气滞留的频率在统计学上更高(p=0.045)。然而,与肺部恶性通货膨胀的关系没有差异(p=0.341)。结论:研究结果显示,患有AGRT的儿童和青少年的肺活量和肺容量几乎没有损害。此外,那些肺活量测定改变的参与者在体积描记术中获得了更高频率的空气捕获。
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引用次数: 0
Article numbers as a leading indicator of publication time 文章数量作为出版时间的主要指标
IF 0.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-11-05 DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.41065
J. Leppink
Aims: in health professions education (HPE), the use of statistics is commonly associated with somewhat larger samples, whereas smaller samples or single subjects (i.e., N = 1) are usually labelled as needing some kind of ‘qualitative’ approach. However, statistical methods can be very useful in small samples and for individual subjects as well, especially where we have time series of repeated measurements of the same outcome variable(s) of interest. The aim of this article is twofold: to demonstrate an example of a cross-correlation function for single subjects in a HPE context and to suggest a few settings in HPE where this cross-correlation function can be of use.Method: the example uses data from a recent Open Access publication on among others article numbers and publication time in a number of major HPE journals to examine the relation between the number of articles published and median publication time over time in the zero-cost Open-Source statistical program R version 4.0.5.Results: as to be expected, the number of articles published appears somewhat of a leading indicator of publication time: both number of articles in year ‘y’ and number of articles in year ‘y minus 1’ correlate > 0.6 with median publication time in year ‘y’, while correlations of other time differences (e.g., number of articles in year ‘y minus 2’ and median publication time in year ‘y’, or median publication time in year ‘y’ and number of articles in year ‘y plus 1’) are substantially smaller.Conclusion: in line with recent literature, this article demonstrates that the cross-correlation function can be used in the context of small samples and single subjects. While the example focusses on article numbers and publication times, it can equally be applied in for example studying relations between knowledge, skills and attitude in individuals, or relations between behaviors of individuals working in pairs or small groups.
目的:在卫生专业教育(HPE)中,统计数据的使用通常与较大的样本相关,而较小的样本或单个受试者(即N = 1)通常被标记为需要某种“定性”方法。然而,统计方法在小样本和个体受试者中也非常有用,特别是当我们对相同的结果变量进行重复测量的时间序列时。本文的目的有两个:演示HPE上下文中单个主题的相互关联函数的示例,并建议在HPE中使用这种相互关联函数的一些设置。方法:本例使用最近的开放获取出版物的数据,其中包括一些主要HPE期刊上的文章数量和出版时间,以检验零成本开源统计程序R版本4.0.5中发表的文章数量和中位数出版时间之间的关系。结果:会,发表的文章数量似乎有点领先指标的发布时间:两年“y”的文章和文章数量的y - 1年关联与发表时间中值> 0.6年“y”,而其他时间差异的相关性(例如,数量的文章“y - 2”,年平均年发表时间' y ',或发表时间中位数年‘y’和‘y + 1年的文章数量)是显著变小。结论:根据最近的文献,本文证明了互相关函数可以在小样本和单一受试者的情况下使用。虽然这个例子关注的是文章数量和出版时间,但它同样可以应用于例如研究个人的知识、技能和态度之间的关系,或者成对或小组工作的个人行为之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
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