Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517077
Peng Gao, Y. Sanada
The multiuser massive MIMO (multi-input multi-output) system using the low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in the uplink is to realize low cost and power consumption demands, which, however, reduce the signal quality. Beamforming as a signal processing technique can supply high throughputs in the MIMO systems. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of low-resolution ADCs against the interference among the different streams in the uplink and the different users in downlink systems respectively, and propose the maximum ratio transmission - block diagonalization (MRT-BD) scheme as a kind of beamforming to evaluate the effects of low-resolution ADCs in the full digital massive MIMO system. The preliminary conclusion is that the MRT-BD scheme achieves our anticipation to make the rate achievable, even more than it in the infinite-resolution (no quantization) of BD case can be approached using ADCs with only a few bits of resolution.
{"title":"Downlink Performance of MRT-BD in Multiuser Massive MIMO with Low Resolution ADCs","authors":"Peng Gao, Y. Sanada","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517077","url":null,"abstract":"The multiuser massive MIMO (multi-input multi-output) system using the low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in the uplink is to realize low cost and power consumption demands, which, however, reduce the signal quality. Beamforming as a signal processing technique can supply high throughputs in the MIMO systems. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of low-resolution ADCs against the interference among the different streams in the uplink and the different users in downlink systems respectively, and propose the maximum ratio transmission - block diagonalization (MRT-BD) scheme as a kind of beamforming to evaluate the effects of low-resolution ADCs in the full digital massive MIMO system. The preliminary conclusion is that the MRT-BD scheme achieves our anticipation to make the rate achievable, even more than it in the infinite-resolution (no quantization) of BD case can be approached using ADCs with only a few bits of resolution.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129042353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516975
Fabian Kurtz, Dennis Overbeck, Caner Bektas, C. Wietfeld
Modern societies depend increasingly on Critical Infrastructures (CIs) such as Smart Grids (SGs) or Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). These in turn rely on complex monitoring and control functionalities, which themselves require capable, flexible and robust communication infrastructures. As dedicated networks and computing resources are associated with high costs and time-consuming deployment, the upcoming fifth generation of mobile communication (5G) aims to enable cloud-based shared infrastructures via Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). While NFV separates hardware and logical functionalities, SDN abstracts physical data packet forwarding from programmable network control tasks such as routing. Thereby so called SDN controllers are created, which simplify the integration of heterogeneous technologies and enable the flexible addition of new features. Yet, due to the controllers’ centralized nature a potential single-point-of-failure is created. Thus we present a heartbeat-based approach to SDN resilience, utilizing redundant controllers to address CI communication requirements. An empirical evaluation, on the example of particularly demanding SGs traffic, illustrates reduced end-to-end failover delays, i.e. the duration cloud-driven 5G networks cannot process requests or changes.
{"title":"Control Plane Fault Tolerance for Resilient Software-Defined Networking based Critical Infrastructure Communications","authors":"Fabian Kurtz, Dennis Overbeck, Caner Bektas, C. Wietfeld","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516975","url":null,"abstract":"Modern societies depend increasingly on Critical Infrastructures (CIs) such as Smart Grids (SGs) or Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). These in turn rely on complex monitoring and control functionalities, which themselves require capable, flexible and robust communication infrastructures. As dedicated networks and computing resources are associated with high costs and time-consuming deployment, the upcoming fifth generation of mobile communication (5G) aims to enable cloud-based shared infrastructures via Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). While NFV separates hardware and logical functionalities, SDN abstracts physical data packet forwarding from programmable network control tasks such as routing. Thereby so called SDN controllers are created, which simplify the integration of heterogeneous technologies and enable the flexible addition of new features. Yet, due to the controllers’ centralized nature a potential single-point-of-failure is created. Thus we present a heartbeat-based approach to SDN resilience, utilizing redundant controllers to address CI communication requirements. An empirical evaluation, on the example of particularly demanding SGs traffic, illustrates reduced end-to-end failover delays, i.e. the duration cloud-driven 5G networks cannot process requests or changes.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127881279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517058
K. Barlee, R. Stewart, L. Crockett
In this paper a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) Physical layer (PHY) technique is proposed that allows Secondary User (SU) access to the traditional FM Radio spectrum (88-108 MHz) for alternative data communication applications. FM radio waves have excellent propagation characteristics for long distance transmission, and have high levels of penetration through buildings. Using tools such as a structured geolocation database of licensed Primary User (PU) FM Radio transmitters, unlicensed SUs can access portions of the 20 MHz-wide band and transmit signals that place spectral ‘holes’ with suitable guard bands around all known PUs. Based on the PU protection ratios published by Ofcom and the FCC, the operation of a FBMC (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier) transmitter is demonstrated for an urban environment, and through ‘field test’ simulation it is shown that the Out Of Band (OOB) leakage of the proposed PHY (energy in the ‘holes’ that can interfere with the PU) is 47 dB lower than that of using an equivalent OFDM PHY. The results show that the proposed PHY is a suitable candidate for DSA-SU communication (e.g. in smart city IoT applications), whilst ensuring the integrity of incumbent PU signals.
{"title":"Secondary User Access for IoT Applications in the FM Radio Band using FS-FBMC","authors":"K. Barlee, R. Stewart, L. Crockett","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) Physical layer (PHY) technique is proposed that allows Secondary User (SU) access to the traditional FM Radio spectrum (88-108 MHz) for alternative data communication applications. FM radio waves have excellent propagation characteristics for long distance transmission, and have high levels of penetration through buildings. Using tools such as a structured geolocation database of licensed Primary User (PU) FM Radio transmitters, unlicensed SUs can access portions of the 20 MHz-wide band and transmit signals that place spectral ‘holes’ with suitable guard bands around all known PUs. Based on the PU protection ratios published by Ofcom and the FCC, the operation of a FBMC (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier) transmitter is demonstrated for an urban environment, and through ‘field test’ simulation it is shown that the Out Of Band (OOB) leakage of the proposed PHY (energy in the ‘holes’ that can interfere with the PU) is 47 dB lower than that of using an equivalent OFDM PHY. The results show that the proposed PHY is a suitable candidate for DSA-SU communication (e.g. in smart city IoT applications), whilst ensuring the integrity of incumbent PU signals.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115172634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516977
Weisheng Xie, Nien-Tai Mao, Kirsten Rundberget
Fixed wireless access (FWA) is an alternate means of providing Internet connectivity that uses radio spectrum rather than fixed lines. 5G will greatly improve FWA performances. There are a few backhaul transport technologies that can support 5G FWA. In this paper, we create models to compare the deployment cost of three typical backhaul transport technologies, namely wireless backhaul, direct fiber and passive optical network (PON). We also compare the deployment cost of FWA to that of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Various fiber cost scenarios are tested. From the modeling results, we find that wireless backhaul is the most cost-effective among the three backhaul technologies under high fiber costs, while direct fiber is the most cost-effective under low fiber costs. FWA is more cost-effective than FTTH when the fiber cost is above certain value.
{"title":"Cost Comparisons of Backhaul Transport Technologies for 5G Fixed Wireless Access","authors":"Weisheng Xie, Nien-Tai Mao, Kirsten Rundberget","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516977","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed wireless access (FWA) is an alternate means of providing Internet connectivity that uses radio spectrum rather than fixed lines. 5G will greatly improve FWA performances. There are a few backhaul transport technologies that can support 5G FWA. In this paper, we create models to compare the deployment cost of three typical backhaul transport technologies, namely wireless backhaul, direct fiber and passive optical network (PON). We also compare the deployment cost of FWA to that of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Various fiber cost scenarios are tested. From the modeling results, we find that wireless backhaul is the most cost-effective among the three backhaul technologies under high fiber costs, while direct fiber is the most cost-effective under low fiber costs. FWA is more cost-effective than FTTH when the fiber cost is above certain value.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122814389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517040
Simon Begashaw, Xuning Shao, E. Visotsky, F. Vook, Amitava Ghosh
This paper presents the design and evaluation of a practical nonlinear precoder for downlink MU-MIMO operation in a 5G system with a large array. The proposed precoder combines conventional linear precoders with a Tomlinson-Harashima precoder (THP) to achieve a lower complexity implementation, and provide more flexibility for various types of CSI feedback while offering substantial performance gain. Through extensive and realistic simulations, we provide performance evaluation of the proposed design and benchmark its performance against widely adopted linear precoders. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed precoder can achieve gains in sum rate over linear precoders even with limited and delayed CSI. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed scheme is more robust to smaller array sizes and various propagation conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding for 5G Massive MU-MIMO","authors":"Simon Begashaw, Xuning Shao, E. Visotsky, F. Vook, Amitava Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and evaluation of a practical nonlinear precoder for downlink MU-MIMO operation in a 5G system with a large array. The proposed precoder combines conventional linear precoders with a Tomlinson-Harashima precoder (THP) to achieve a lower complexity implementation, and provide more flexibility for various types of CSI feedback while offering substantial performance gain. Through extensive and realistic simulations, we provide performance evaluation of the proposed design and benchmark its performance against widely adopted linear precoders. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed precoder can achieve gains in sum rate over linear precoders even with limited and delayed CSI. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed scheme is more robust to smaller array sizes and various propagation conditions.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131124460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516717
M. Andrews
We consider a centralized wireless architecture in which multiple cells are connected to a centralized unit via a shared x-haul. When computing a schedule for this architecture we must take into account capacity constraints on both the air interface access link and the x-haul. We evaluate three scheduling approaches that differ based on the degree of coupling between the air interface/x-haul and on whether queuing is allowed at the access link. It is known that we can optimize the geometric mean of throughput via a standard backpressure approach in which the air interface and x-haul scheduling is coupled by a queue at the access link. We demonstrate that with a joint scheduling approach we can obtain similar performance with zero queuing at the air interface (and hence zero delay).
{"title":"A Comparison of Scheduling Algorithms for Wireless Access plus X-Haul","authors":"M. Andrews","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516717","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a centralized wireless architecture in which multiple cells are connected to a centralized unit via a shared x-haul. When computing a schedule for this architecture we must take into account capacity constraints on both the air interface access link and the x-haul. We evaluate three scheduling approaches that differ based on the degree of coupling between the air interface/x-haul and on whether queuing is allowed at the access link. It is known that we can optimize the geometric mean of throughput via a standard backpressure approach in which the air interface and x-haul scheduling is coupled by a queue at the access link. We demonstrate that with a joint scheduling approach we can obtain similar performance with zero queuing at the air interface (and hence zero delay).","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517038
Fulvio Corno, Luigi De Russis, J. P. Sáenz
The advent of the 5G network is a key enabler to the growth of IoT, with the promise to innovate and revolutionize contemporary architectures by enabling new IoT-optimized services. Far from being just a bandwidth and latency improvement, the real potential of 5G lies in the intelligent management of network resources, and in the possibility of offering new services at the network level. Developers of IoT applications will no longer be forced to adopt a cloud-centric approach, where all storage and computation is centralized, but will be able to exploit network-provided resources, adopting Edge or Fog computing approaches, with numerous advantages such as higher locality, increased computation power and reliability, reduced latency and power consumption. Network operators, on the other hand, need to offer a compelling set of services while designing the intelligent components of their 5G networks, which would drive IoT developers to prefer their network-hosted services to cloud-based ones managed by over-the-top players. This paper aims at identifying which sets of services may be offered by a 5G network, by analyzing the computing, storage, and communication services that are currently offered by 11 major IoT platform providers, as well as those that are currently not being provided due to limitations of the cloud computing paradigm.
{"title":"On The Advanced Services That 5G May Provide To IoT Applications","authors":"Fulvio Corno, Luigi De Russis, J. P. Sáenz","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517038","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the 5G network is a key enabler to the growth of IoT, with the promise to innovate and revolutionize contemporary architectures by enabling new IoT-optimized services. Far from being just a bandwidth and latency improvement, the real potential of 5G lies in the intelligent management of network resources, and in the possibility of offering new services at the network level. Developers of IoT applications will no longer be forced to adopt a cloud-centric approach, where all storage and computation is centralized, but will be able to exploit network-provided resources, adopting Edge or Fog computing approaches, with numerous advantages such as higher locality, increased computation power and reliability, reduced latency and power consumption. Network operators, on the other hand, need to offer a compelling set of services while designing the intelligent components of their 5G networks, which would drive IoT developers to prefer their network-hosted services to cloud-based ones managed by over-the-top players. This paper aims at identifying which sets of services may be offered by a 5G network, by analyzing the computing, storage, and communication services that are currently offered by 11 major IoT platform providers, as well as those that are currently not being provided due to limitations of the cloud computing paradigm.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517072
Ziya Gülgün, A. O. Yılmaz
High Order QAM such as 512QAM, 1024QAM along with mm-wave transmission is one of the strong candidates for next generation wireless networks. However, due to nonlinearities of RF devices the performance of higher order QAM may be hampered and restrict the transmission rate. As observed in many studies in the literature, outermost constellation points are usually more adversely affected by these impairments. In our previous work, we analyzed this effect by using the Rapp model. Namely, only amplitude distortion on the constellation points was taken into account, where in-phase and quadrature distortions originating from the model can be assumed as independent. In this work, in addition to amplitude distortion, we add phase distortion to the system by using the Saleh model and adding phase distortion prevents us to assume that in-phase and quadrature parts of the distortions are independent according to our observations. In this work, focusing on non-uniform EVM values of each QAM symbol we evaluate achievable rates by considering correlation between in-phase and quadrature distortions. Moreover, we propose a receiver that considers correlation between the in-phase distortion and the quadrature distortion and the unequal EVM distribution by assessing each symbol’s distortion. The performance of the receiver is compared with that of other two receivers.
{"title":"High Order QAM Performance Under Phase and Amplitude Distortions","authors":"Ziya Gülgün, A. O. Yılmaz","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517072","url":null,"abstract":"High Order QAM such as 512QAM, 1024QAM along with mm-wave transmission is one of the strong candidates for next generation wireless networks. However, due to nonlinearities of RF devices the performance of higher order QAM may be hampered and restrict the transmission rate. As observed in many studies in the literature, outermost constellation points are usually more adversely affected by these impairments. In our previous work, we analyzed this effect by using the Rapp model. Namely, only amplitude distortion on the constellation points was taken into account, where in-phase and quadrature distortions originating from the model can be assumed as independent. In this work, in addition to amplitude distortion, we add phase distortion to the system by using the Saleh model and adding phase distortion prevents us to assume that in-phase and quadrature parts of the distortions are independent according to our observations. In this work, focusing on non-uniform EVM values of each QAM symbol we evaluate achievable rates by considering correlation between in-phase and quadrature distortions. Moreover, we propose a receiver that considers correlation between the in-phase distortion and the quadrature distortion and the unequal EVM distribution by assessing each symbol’s distortion. The performance of the receiver is compared with that of other two receivers.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516971
R. Vaghefi, G. Miranda, Rakesh Srirambhatla, Giovanni Marzin, Chris T. K. Ng, Farid Fayazbakhsh, S. Tarigopula, R. Palat, M. Banu
Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) has been the subject of interest in both industry and academia for the past few years. Massive MIMO refers to the use of a large number of antennas typically at the base station (BS) to serve multiple user equipment (UE) simultaneously to deliver reliable and high data throughput. Two basic architectures have been considered in the literature. First is a full digital massive MIMO where all the beamforming and precoding is performed digitally in baseband and a radio frequency (RF) chain is required for every antenna element. In the second architecture referred to as hybrid massive MIMO, beamforming and precoding are done in two stages, digital precoding over fewer digital ports followed by analog beamforming across large number of antenna elements. In this paper, we provide a comparison of implementation challenges for each approach. We introduce the High Definition Active Antenna System (HDAAS), a novel scalable architecture to implement a hybrid Massive MIMO system. This design philosophy is used to build BeamCraft500, which we believe is a first commercial hybrid 3D beamforming system operating at 2 GHz. We also present results from one of the field trials in a live LTE network that validate the stability and performance of the system under real world conditions.
{"title":"First Commercial Hybrid Massive MIMO System for Sub-6Hz Bands","authors":"R. Vaghefi, G. Miranda, Rakesh Srirambhatla, Giovanni Marzin, Chris T. K. Ng, Farid Fayazbakhsh, S. Tarigopula, R. Palat, M. Banu","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8516971","url":null,"abstract":"Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) has been the subject of interest in both industry and academia for the past few years. Massive MIMO refers to the use of a large number of antennas typically at the base station (BS) to serve multiple user equipment (UE) simultaneously to deliver reliable and high data throughput. Two basic architectures have been considered in the literature. First is a full digital massive MIMO where all the beamforming and precoding is performed digitally in baseband and a radio frequency (RF) chain is required for every antenna element. In the second architecture referred to as hybrid massive MIMO, beamforming and precoding are done in two stages, digital precoding over fewer digital ports followed by analog beamforming across large number of antenna elements. In this paper, we provide a comparison of implementation challenges for each approach. We introduce the High Definition Active Antenna System (HDAAS), a novel scalable architecture to implement a hybrid Massive MIMO system. This design philosophy is used to build BeamCraft500, which we believe is a first commercial hybrid 3D beamforming system operating at 2 GHz. We also present results from one of the field trials in a live LTE network that validate the stability and performance of the system under real world conditions.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"112 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121179920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517078
Bo Chang, Guodong Zhao, M. Imran, Liying Li, Zhi Chen
Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is critical to enable real-time wireless control in tactile internet (TACNET). However, it requires significant wireless resource consumption due to the extreme quality-of-service (QoS) requirement. In this paper, we propose a dynamic QoS allocation method from the perspective of communication-control co-design. In the proposed method, the QoS of URLLC is adjusted in a control process, where high QoS is given to critical control periods while low QoS is given to non-critical ones. As a result, the proposed method can significantly reduce the wireless energy consumption compared with conventional method that uses high QoS during the whole control process. Simulation results show the performance of our method.
{"title":"Dynamic QoS Allocation for Real-Time Wireless Control in Tactile Internet","authors":"Bo Chang, Guodong Zhao, M. Imran, Liying Li, Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2018.8517078","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is critical to enable real-time wireless control in tactile internet (TACNET). However, it requires significant wireless resource consumption due to the extreme quality-of-service (QoS) requirement. In this paper, we propose a dynamic QoS allocation method from the perspective of communication-control co-design. In the proposed method, the QoS of URLLC is adjusted in a control process, where high QoS is given to critical control periods while low QoS is given to non-critical ones. As a result, the proposed method can significantly reduce the wireless energy consumption compared with conventional method that uses high QoS during the whole control process. Simulation results show the performance of our method.","PeriodicalId":440445,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125725232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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