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Developing Clinical Phenotype Data Collection Standards for Research in Africa. 为非洲研究制定临床表型数据收集标准。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-19 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6693323
Lyndon Zass, Katherine Johnston, Alia Benkahla, Melek Chaouch, Judit Kumuthini, Fouzia Radouani, Liberata Alexander Mwita, Nihad Alsayed, Taryn Allie, Dassen Sathan, Upendo Masamu, Milaine Sergine Seuneu Tchamga, Tsaone Tamuhla, Chaimae Samtal, Victoria Nembaware, Zoe Gill, Samah Ahmed, Yosr Hamdi, Faisal Fadlelmola, Nicki Tiffin, Nicola Mulder

Modern biomedical research is characterised by its high-throughput and interdisciplinary nature. Multiproject and consortium-based collaborations requiring meaningful analysis of multiple heterogeneous phenotypic datasets have become the norm; however, such analysis remains a challenge in many regions across the world. An increasing number of data harmonisation efforts are being undertaken by multistudy collaborations through either prospective standardised phenotype data collection or retrospective phenotype harmonisation. In this regard, the Phenotype Harmonisation Working Group (PHWG) of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium aimed to facilitate phenotype standardisation by both promoting the use of existing data collection standards (hosted by PhenX), adapting existing data collection standards for appropriate use in low- and middle-income regions such as Africa, and developing novel data collection standards where relevant gaps were identified. Ultimately, the PHWG produced 11 data collection kits, consisting of 82 protocols, 38 of which were existing protocols, 17 were adapted, and 27 were novel protocols. The data collection kits will facilitate phenotype standardisation and harmonisation not only in Africa but also across the larger research community. In addition, the PHWG aims to feed back adapted and novel protocols to existing reference platforms such as PhenX.

现代生物医学研究的特点是其高通量和跨学科性质。需要对多个异质表型数据集进行有意义的分析的多项目和基于联盟的合作已成为常态;然而,这种分析在世界许多地区仍然是一个挑战。通过前瞻性标准化表型数据收集或回顾性表型协调,多研究合作正在进行越来越多的数据协调工作。在这方面,非洲人类遗传与健康联盟(H3Africa)表型协调工作组(PHWG)旨在通过促进现有数据收集标准的使用(由PhenX主持)、调整现有数据收集规范以在非洲等中低收入地区适当使用、,在发现相关差距的地方制定新的数据收集标准。最终,PHWG生产了11个数据收集试剂盒,由82个协议组成,其中38个是现有协议,17个是改编的,27个是新协议。数据收集试剂盒将促进表型的标准化和协调,不仅在非洲,而且在更大的研究界。此外,PHWG旨在向PhenX等现有参考平台反馈经过调整的新协议。
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引用次数: 0
Pain Management in Pediatric Burns: A Review of the Science behind It. 儿科烧伤的疼痛管理:背后的科学回顾。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9950870
Bogdan Ciornei, Vlad Laurentiu David, Diana Popescu, Eugen Sorin Boia

Pediatric burns are a significant medical issue that can have long-term effects on various aspects of a child's health and well-being. Pain management in pediatric burns is a crucial aspect of treatment to ensure the comfort and well-being of young patients. The causes and risk factors for pediatric burns vary depending on various factors, such as geographical location, socioeconomic status, and cultural practices. Assessing pain in pediatric patients, especially during burn injury treatment, poses several challenges. These challenges stem from various factors, including the age and developmental stage of the child, the nature of burn injuries, and the limitations of pain assessment tools. In pediatric pain management, various pain assessment tools and scales are used to evaluate and measure pain in children. These tools are designed to account for the unique challenges of assessing pain in pediatric patients, including their age, developmental stage, and ability to communicate effectively. Pain can have significant physical, emotional, and psychological consequences for pediatric patients. It can interfere with their ability to engage in daily activities, disrupt sleep patterns, and negatively affect their mood and behavior. Untreated pain can also lead to increased stress, anxiety, and fear, which can further exacerbate the pain experience. Acute pain, which is short-term and typically associated with injury or illness, can disrupt a child's ability to engage in physical activities and impede their overall recovery process. On the other hand, chronic pain, which persists for an extended period, can have long-lasting effects on physical functioning and quality of life in children. The psychological consequences of burns can persist long after the physical wounds have healed, leading to ongoing emotional distress and impaired functioning. Multimodal pain management, which involves the use of multiple interventions or medications targeting different aspects of the pain pathway, has gained recognition as an effective approach for managing pain in both children and adults. However, it is important to consider the specific needs and considerations of pediatric patients when developing evidence-based guidelines for multimodal pain management in this population. Over the years, there have been significant advances in pediatric pain research and technology, leading to a better understanding of pain mechanisms and the development of innovative approaches to assess and treat pain in children. Overall, pain management in pediatric burns requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions.

儿童烧伤是一个重要的医学问题,可能对儿童健康和福祉的各个方面产生长期影响。儿科烧伤的疼痛管理是治疗的一个关键方面,以确保年轻患者的舒适和健康。儿童烧伤的原因和风险因素因各种因素而异,如地理位置、社会经济地位和文化习俗。评估儿科患者的疼痛,特别是在烧伤治疗过程中,提出了一些挑战。这些挑战源于各种因素,包括儿童的年龄和发育阶段、烧伤的性质以及疼痛评估工具的局限性。在儿科疼痛管理中,使用各种疼痛评估工具和量表来评估和测量儿童的疼痛。这些工具旨在解决评估儿科患者疼痛的独特挑战,包括他们的年龄、发育阶段和有效沟通的能力。疼痛会对儿科患者产生重大的身体、情感和心理后果。它会干扰他们进行日常活动的能力,扰乱睡眠模式,并对他们的情绪和行为产生负面影响。未经治疗的疼痛也会导致压力、焦虑和恐惧的增加,从而进一步加剧疼痛体验。急性疼痛是短期的,通常与损伤或疾病有关,会破坏儿童进行体育活动的能力,阻碍他们的整体康复过程。另一方面,长期持续的慢性疼痛会对儿童的身体功能和生活质量产生长期影响。烧伤的心理后果可能在身体创伤愈合后很长一段时间内持续存在,导致持续的情绪困扰和功能受损。多模式疼痛管理涉及针对疼痛途径的不同方面使用多种干预措施或药物,已被公认为管理儿童和成人疼痛的有效方法。然而,在制定该人群多模式疼痛管理的循证指南时,考虑儿科患者的具体需求和考虑因素是很重要的。多年来,儿科疼痛研究和技术取得了重大进展,使人们更好地了解了疼痛机制,并开发了评估和治疗儿童疼痛的创新方法。总的来说,儿科烧伤的疼痛管理需要一种多学科的方法,将药物和非药物干预相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Time to Recovery from COVID-19 and Its Predictors in Patients Hospitalized at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital Care and Treatment Center, A Retrospective Follow-Up Study, North West Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西北部Tibee Ghion专科医院护理和治疗中心住院患者的新冠肺炎康复时间及其预测因素,回顾性随访研究。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5586353
Desiyalew Habtamu Tamiru, Abebaw Gedef Azene, Gebeyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Samuel Hunegnaw Asmare, Wudneh Arega Gete, Simachew Animen Bante

Background: Since the end of 2019, the world has been facing a new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which is considered a global pandemic. COVID-19 is considered a major public health burden due to the uncontrolled morbidity and mortality of the global community. The World Health Organization estimates the recovery time as 2 weeks for patients with mild infection and 3 to 6 weeks for those with serious illnesses. The recovery time and its predictors are not well studied in Ethiopia yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate time to recovery from COVID-19 and its predictors among COVID-19 patients admitted to Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital care and treatment center, North West Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 452 COVID-19 patients admitted to Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital from March 2020 to September 2021. Simple random sampling using a table of random number generators was used to select study units. Data entry and analysis were performed using EpiData 3.1 and Stata version 14, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to identify predictors of recovery time. An AHR at a 5% level of significance was used to identify significant predictors.

Results: : Among 452 COVID-19 patients, 437 (88%) were recovered, with a median recovery time of 9 days. Recovery time was significantly related to age (AHR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97, 0.99), oxygen saturation (AHR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.56), shortness of breath (AHR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.85), disease severity (moderate (AHR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.85) and severe (AHR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.47)), and comorbidities (AHR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.84). Conclusions and recommendations: The overall median recovery time was 9 days. Older age, low oxygen saturation, shortness of breath, disease severity (moderate and severe), history of comorbidities, and high-level of WBC were predictors of delayed recovery time. On the other hand, corticosteroid use significantly shortens the median recovery time of COVID-19 patients. Thus, patients presented with older age, low oxygen saturation, shortness of breath, moderate and severe COVID-19 disease, comorbidities, and increased WBC need to be closely monitoring and followed up by healthcare providers. In addition, there should be special attention during the administration of corticosteroid.

背景:自2019年底以来,世界一直面临一种新型冠状病毒疾病19(新冠肺炎),这被认为是一种全球大流行。由于全球社会的发病率和死亡率不受控制,新冠肺炎被认为是一个主要的公共卫生负担。世界卫生组织估计恢复时间为2 轻度感染患者为3至6周 为那些患有严重疾病的人提供数周的治疗。埃塞俄比亚的恢复时间及其预测因素尚未得到很好的研究。因此,本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西北部Tibee Ghion专科医院护理和治疗中心收治的新冠肺炎患者从新冠肺炎中恢复的时间及其预测因素。方法:对2020年3月至2021年9月收治的452名新冠肺炎患者进行了一项基于机构的回顾性随访研究。使用随机数生成器表的简单随机抽样用于选择研究单位。数据输入和分析分别使用EpiData 3.1和Stata版本14进行。双变量和多变量Cox比例风险分析用于确定恢复时间的预测因素。使用5%显著性水平的AHR来确定显著的预测因素。结果:在452名新冠肺炎患者中,437人(88%)康复,中位康复时间为9 天。恢复时间与年龄显著相关(AHR = 0.98;95%CI = 0.97,0.99)、氧饱和度(AHR = 0.42;95%CI = 0.31,0.56)、呼吸急促(AHR = 0.65;95%CI = 0.47,0.85),疾病严重程度(中度(AHR = 0.63;95%CI = 0.47,0.85)和严重(AHR = 0.32;95%CI = 0.22,0.47))和合并症(AHR = 0.67;95%CI = 0.53,0.84)。结论和建议:总体中位恢复时间为9 天。年龄较大、血氧饱和度低、呼吸急促、疾病严重程度(中度和重度)、合并症病史和白细胞水平高是恢复时间延迟的预测因素。另一方面,皮质类固醇的使用显著缩短了新冠肺炎患者的中位恢复时间。因此,年龄较大、血氧饱和度低、呼吸急促、中重度新冠肺炎疾病、合并症和WBC增加的患者需要由医疗保健提供者密切监测和随访。此外,在皮质类固醇给药期间应特别注意。
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引用次数: 0
Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Nepal from 1990 to 2019: The Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019. 1990 至 2019 年尼泊尔心血管疾病负担:2019 年全球疾病负担研究》。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-19 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3700094
Achyut Raj Pandey, Meghnath Dhimal, Niraj Shrestha, Dikshya Sharma, Jasmine Maskey, Raja Ram Dhungana, Bihungum Bista, Krishna Kumar Aryal

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as the leading cause of deaths worldwide in 2019. Globally, more than three-quarters of the total deaths due to CVDs occur in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Although increasing number of studies is available on the prevalence of CVDs, there is limited evidence presenting a complete picture on the burden of CVDs in Nepal. In this context, this study aims to provide comprehensive picture on the burden of CVDs in the country. This study is based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, which is a multinational collaborative research covering 204 countries and territories across the world. The estimations made from the study are publicly available in the GBD Compare webpage operated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington. This article makes use of those data available on the GBD Compare page of IHME website to present the comprehensive picture of the burden of CVDs in Nepal. Overall, in 2019, there were an estimated 1,214,607 cases, 46,501 deaths, and 1,104,474 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CVDs in Nepal. The age-standardized mortality rates for CVDs witnessed a marginal reduction from 267.60 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 245.38 per 100,000 population in 2019. The proportion of deaths and DALYs attributable to CVDs increased from 9.77% to 24.04% and from 4.82% to 11.89%, respectively, between 1990 and 2019. Even though there are relatively stable rates of age-standardized prevalence, and mortality, the proportion of deaths and DALYs attributed to CVDs have risen sharply between 1990 and 2019. Besides implementing the preventive measures, the health system also needs to prepare itself for the delivery of long-term care of patients with CVDs which could have significant implications on resources and operations.

心血管疾病(CVDs)已成为 2019 年全球死亡的主要原因。在全球范围内,心血管疾病导致的死亡总数中有四分之三以上发生在像尼泊尔这样的中低收入国家。尽管有关心血管疾病发病率的研究越来越多,但能全面反映尼泊尔心血管疾病负担的证据却很有限。在这种情况下,本研究旨在全面介绍该国心血管疾病的负担情况。本研究以 2019 年全球疾病负担(GBD)研究为基础,该研究是一项涵盖全球 204 个国家和地区的多国合作研究。由华盛顿大学卫生计量与评估研究所(IHME)运营的 GBD Compare 网页公开提供了该研究的估算数据。本文利用IHME网站GBD Compare网页上的这些数据,全面介绍了尼泊尔心血管疾病负担的情况。总体而言,2019年尼泊尔因心血管疾病导致的病例估计为1,214,607例,死亡46,501例,残疾调整生命年(DALYs)为1,104,474年。心血管疾病的年龄标准化死亡率略有下降,从 1990 年的每 10 万人 267.60 例降至 2019 年的每 10 万人 245.38 例。1990 年至 2019 年期间,心血管疾病导致的死亡和残疾调整寿命年数比例分别从 9.77% 增加到 24.04%,从 4.82% 增加到 11.89%。尽管年龄标准化患病率和死亡率相对稳定,但心血管疾病导致的死亡和残疾调整寿命年数比例在 1990 年至 2019 年期间急剧上升。除了实施预防措施外,卫生系统还需要为心血管疾病患者的长期护理做好准备,这可能会对资源和运营产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Genomic Snapshot of Antibiotic-ResistantEnterococcus faecalis within Public Hospital Environments in South Africa. 南非公立医院环境中耐药粪肠球菌的基因组快照》(A Genomic Snapshot of Antibiotic-ResantEnterococcus faecalis within Public Hospital Environments in South Africa)。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-06-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6639983
Christiana O Shobo, Daniel G Amoako, Mushal Allam, Arshad Ismail, Sabiha Y Essack, Linda A Bester

Enterococci are among the most common opportunistic hospital pathogens. This study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics to determine the antibiotic resistome, mobile genetic elements, clone and phylogenetic relationship of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from hospital environments in South Africa. This study was carried out from September to November 2017. Isolates were recovered from 11 frequently touched sites by patients and healthcare workers in different wards at 4 levels of healthcare (A, B, C, and D) in Durban, South Africa. Out of the 245 identified E. faecalis isolates, 38 isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform, following microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The tet(M) (31/38, 82%) and erm(C) (16/38, 42%) genes were the most common antibiotic-resistant genes found in isolates originating from different hospital environments which corroborated with their antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The isolates harboured mobile genetic elements consisting of plasmids (n = 11) and prophages (n = 14) that were mostly clone-specific. Of note, a large number of insertion sequence (IS) families were found on the IS3 (55%), IS5 (42%), IS1595 (40%), and Tn3 transposons the most predominant. Microbial typing using WGS data revealed 15 clones with 6 major sequence types (ST) belonging to ST16 (n = 7), ST40 (n = 6), ST21 (n = 5), ST126 (n = 3), ST23 (n = 3), and ST386 (n = 3). Phylogenomic analysis showed that the major clones were mostly conserved within specific hospital environments. However, further metadata insights revealed the complex intraclonal spread of these E. faecalis major clones between the sampling sites within each specific hospital setting. The results of these genomic analyses will offer insights into antibiotic-resistantE. faecalis in hospital environments relevant to the design of optimal infection prevention strategies in hospital settings.

肠球菌是最常见的机会性医院病原体之一。本研究利用全基因组测序(WGS)和生物信息学确定了从南非医院环境中分离的粪肠球菌的抗生素耐药性组、移动遗传因子、克隆和系统发育关系。本研究于 2017 年 9 月至 11 月进行。分离物是从南非德班 4 级医疗机构(A、B、C 和 D 级)不同病房的 11 个患者和医护人员经常接触的部位回收的。在鉴定出的 245 个粪肠球菌分离物中,有 38 个分离物在微生物鉴定和抗生素药敏试验后,在 Illumina MiSeq 平台上进行了全基因组测序(WGS)。tet(M) (31/38,82%)和erm(C) (16/38,42%)基因是来自不同医院环境的分离物中最常见的抗生素耐药基因,这与它们的抗生素耐药表型相吻合。分离物携带的移动遗传元件包括质粒(11 个)和噬菌体(14 个),它们大多具有克隆特异性。值得注意的是,在 IS3(55%)、IS5(42%)、IS1595(40%)和 Tn3 转座子上发现了大量插入序列(IS)家族。利用 WGS 数据进行的微生物分型显示,15 个克隆有 6 种主要序列类型 (ST),分别属于 ST16(n = 7)、ST40(n = 6)、ST21(n = 5)、ST126(n = 3)、ST23(n = 3)和 ST386(n = 3)。系统发生组分析表明,主要克隆大多在特定的医院环境中保持不变。不过,进一步的元数据分析显示,这些粪肠球菌主要克隆在每个特定医院环境中的采样点之间存在复杂的克隆内传播。这些基因组分析的结果将有助于深入了解医院环境中的耐抗生素粪肠球菌,从而设计出最佳的医院感染预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Zambia: An Application of Machine Learning. 预测赞比亚 COVID-19 住院患者的死亡率:机器学习的应用
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-05-22 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8921220
Clyde Mulenga, Patrick Kaonga, Raymond Hamoonga, Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba, Freeman Chabala, Patrick Musonda

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc globally, resulting in millions of cases and deaths. The objective of this study was to predict mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Zambia using machine learning (ML) methods based on factors that have been shown to be predictive of mortality and thereby improve pandemic preparedness. This research employed seven powerful ML models that included decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), gradient boosting (GB), and XGBoost (XGB). These classifiers were trained on 1,433 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from various health facilities in Zambia. The performances achieved by these models were checked using accuracy, recall, F1-Score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC_AUC), area under the precision-recall curve (PRC_AUC), and other metrics. The best-performing model was the XGB which had an accuracy of 92.3%, recall of 94.2%, F1-Score of 92.4%, and ROC_AUC of 97.5%. The pairwise Mann-Whitney U-test analysis showed that the second-best model (GB) and the third-best model (RF) did not perform significantly worse than the best model (XGB) and had the following: GB had an accuracy of 91.7%, recall of 94.2%, F1-Score of 91.9%, and ROC_AUC of 97.1%. RF had an accuracy of 90.8%, recall of 93.6%, F1-Score of 91.0%, and ROC_AUC of 96.8%. Other models showed similar results for the same metrics checked. The study successfully derived and validated the selected ML models and predicted mortality effectively with reasonably high performance in the stated metrics. The feature importance analysis found that knowledge of underlying health conditions about patients' hospital length of stay (LOS), white blood cell count, age, and other factors can help healthcare providers offer lifesaving services on time, improve pandemic preparedness, and decongest health facilities in Zambia and other countries with similar settings.

2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)已在全球范围内造成严重破坏,导致数百万人发病和死亡。本研究的目的是根据已被证明可预测死亡率的因素,使用机器学习(ML)方法预测赞比亚 COVID-19 住院患者的死亡率,从而改善大流行病的防备工作。这项研究采用了七种功能强大的 ML 模型,包括决策树 (DT)、随机森林 (RF)、支持向量机 (SVM)、逻辑回归 (LR)、奈夫贝叶斯 (NB)、梯度提升 (GB) 和 XGBoost (XGB)。这些分类器是在来自赞比亚不同医疗机构的 1,433 名 COVID-19 住院患者身上进行训练的。使用准确率、召回率、F1-分数、接收者操作特征曲线下面积(ROC_AUC)、精确度-召回曲线下面积(PRC_AUC)和其他指标检验了这些模型的性能。表现最好的模型是 XGB,其准确率为 92.3%,召回率为 94.2%,F1-Score 为 92.4%,ROC_AUC 为 97.5%。Mann-Whitney U 检验分析表明,次优模型(GB)和第三优模型(RF)的表现并不比最佳模型(XGB)差,具体如下:GB 的准确率为 91.7%,召回率为 94.2%,F1 分数为 91.9%,ROC_AUC 为 97.1%。RF 的准确率为 90.8%,召回率为 93.6%,F1-分数为 91.0%,ROC_AUC 为 96.8%。在检查的相同指标中,其他模型也显示出类似的结果。该研究成功地推导和验证了所选的 ML 模型,并有效地预测了死亡率,在所述指标方面具有相当高的性能。特征重要性分析发现,了解患者住院时间(LOS)、白细胞计数、年龄和其他因素的潜在健康状况,有助于医疗服务提供者及时提供救生服务,改善大流行病的准备工作,并缓解赞比亚和其他具有类似环境的国家的医疗设施的拥挤状况。
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引用次数: 0
Health and Nutrition Analysis in Older Adults in San José de Minas Rural Parish in Quito, Ecuador. 厄瓜多尔基多圣何塞德米纳斯农村教区老年人的健康和营养分析。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-02-13 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1839084
Roberto Ordoñez-Araque, Carla Caicedo-Jaramillo, Meybol Gessa-Gálvez, José Proaño-Zavala

Knowing the health and nutritional status of older adults is crucial to helping them live healthier lives and limiting the need for pharmaceuticals and complicated medical procedures. The objective of this research was to analyze the eating habits (EH), physical activity (PA), and sleep quality (SQ) of older adults in the rural parish of San José de Minas in Quito, Ecuador. Three validated questionnaires were used: the Pittsburgh PSQI for SQ, IPAQ for PA, and frequency of consumption for EH. The results revealed high consumption of refined flours and sugar (70% at least once a day), low intake of whole grains, fish, and olive oil, and considerable consumption of fruits and water. Fifty percent of respondents engage in moderate physical activity and 24% in low physical activity, while 90% of older adults have poor sleep quality. These results indicate a problem in the integral health of the population that does not allow older adults to have a good old age. Health campaigns should be developed to increase physical activity, encourage a better diet, and thus, improve the quality of sleep.

了解老年人的健康和营养状况对于帮助他们更健康地生活、减少对药物和复杂医疗程序的需求至关重要。本研究旨在分析厄瓜多尔基多圣何塞德米纳斯农村教区老年人的饮食习惯(EH)、体育活动(PA)和睡眠质量(SQ)。研究使用了三份经过验证的调查问卷:匹兹堡 PSQI 调查 SQ,IPAQ 调查 PA,消费频率调查 EH。结果显示,精制面粉和糖的消费量较高(70%每天至少一次),全谷物、鱼类和橄榄油的摄入量较低,而水果和水的消费量则相当可观。50%的受访者从事中等强度的体育活动,24%的受访者从事低强度的体育活动,90%的老年人睡眠质量差。这些结果表明,老年人的整体健康存在问题,无法安享晚年。应开展健康运动,增加体育活动,鼓励改善饮食,从而提高睡眠质量。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Information on YouTube: Analysis of Quality and Reliability of Videos in Eleven Widely Spoken Languages across Africa. COVID-19 YouTube 上的信息:非洲 11 种广泛使用的语言的视频质量和可靠性分析。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-18 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1406035
Kapil Narain, Kingsley Appiah Bimpong, O'Neil Kosasia Wamukota, Oloruntoba Ogunfolaji, Udeme-Abasi U Nelson, Anirban Dutta, Ayodeji Ogunleye, Eileen van der Westhuizen, Emmanuel Eni, Almthani Hamza Abdalrheem, Samuel Mesfin, Aimée Bernice Munezero, Nazo Nxumalo, Okuhle Xozwa

Introduction: Whilst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rollout is well underway, there is a concern in Africa where less than 2% of global vaccinations have occurred. In the absence of herd immunity, health promotion remains essential. YouTube has been widely utilised as a source of medical information in previous outbreaks and pandemics. There are limited data on COVID-19 information on YouTube videos, especially in languages widely spoken in Africa. This study investigated the quality and reliability of such videos.

Methods: Medical information related to COVID-19 was analysed in 11 languages (English, isiZulu, isiXhosa, Afrikaans, Nigerian Pidgin, Hausa, Twi, Arabic, Amharic, French, and Swahili). Cohen's Kappa was used to measure inter-rater reliability. A total of 562 videos were analysed. Viewer interaction metrics and video characteristics, source, and content type were collected. Quality was evaluated using the Medical Information Content Index (MICI) scale and reliability was evaluated by the modified DISCERN tool.

Results: Kappa coefficient of agreement for all languages was p < 0.01. Informative videos (471/562, 83.8%) accounted for the majority, whilst misleading videos (12/562, 2.13%) were minimal. Independent users (246/562, 43.8%) were the predominant source type. Transmission of information (477/562 videos, 84.9%) was most prevalent, whilst content covering screening or testing was reported in less than a third of all videos. The mean total MICI score was 5.75/5 (SD 4.25) and the mean total DISCERN score was 3.01/5 (SD 1.11).

Conclusion: YouTube is an invaluable, easily accessible resource for information dissemination during health emergencies. Misleading videos are often a concern; however, our study found a negligible proportion. Whilst most videos were fairly reliable, the quality of videos was poor, especially noting a dearth of information covering screening or testing. Governments, academic institutions, and healthcare workers must harness the capability of digital platforms, such as YouTube to contain the spread of misinformation.

导言:虽然冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)疫苗接种工作进展顺利,但非洲的情况令人担忧,那里的疫苗接种率不到全球的 2%。在缺乏群体免疫力的情况下,健康宣传仍然至关重要。在以往的疫情爆发和大流行中,YouTube 已被广泛用作医疗信息来源。有关 YouTube 视频中 COVID-19 信息的数据有限,尤其是在非洲广泛使用的语言。本研究调查了此类视频的质量和可靠性:分析了 11 种语言(英语、伊西祖鲁语、伊西科萨语、南非荷兰语、尼日利亚皮金语、豪萨语、特维语、阿拉伯语、阿姆哈拉语、法语和斯瓦希里语)中与 COVID-19 相关的医疗信息。评分者之间的可靠性采用科恩卡帕法(Cohen's Kappa)进行测量。共分析了 562 个视频。收集了观众互动指标、视频特征、来源和内容类型。质量采用医学信息内容指数(MICI)量表进行评估,可靠性采用改进的 DISCERN 工具进行评估:结果:所有语言的卡帕系数均小于 0.01。信息性视频(471/562,83.8%)占大多数,而误导性视频(12/562,2.13%)极少。独立用户(246/562,43.8%)是最主要的信息来源类型。信息传播(477/562 个视频,84.9%)最为普遍,而涉及筛查或检测内容的视频不到所有视频的三分之一。平均 MICI 总分为 5.75/5(SD 4.25),平均 DISCERN 总分为 3.01/5(SD 1.11):结论:YouTube 是卫生突发事件期间进行信息传播的宝贵且易于获取的资源。误导性视频往往令人担忧,但我们的研究发现,误导性视频的比例微乎其微。虽然大多数视频都相当可靠,但视频质量较差,尤其是缺少有关筛查或检测的信息。政府、学术机构和医疗工作者必须利用 YouTube 等数字平台的功能来遏制错误信息的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Level of Adherence among Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 教育干预对血液透析患者知识和依从性的影响:一项随机对照试验。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4295613
Brayal Dsouza, Ravindra Prabhu, B Unnikrishnan, Sudarshan Ballal, Suneel C Mundkur, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, Avinash Shetty, Paulo Moreira

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the level of knowledge and adherence to the treatment regimen among hemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to describe the association between these variables.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 160 HD patients at an HD centre of a 2030-bed tertiary teaching hospital in Southern India were randomly assigned into intervention (N = 80, received education and a booklet) and control (N = 80, received standard care) groups. Knowledge and adherence were measured preintervention and postintervention using a validated questionnaire for knowledge and the ESRD-AQ (End-Stage Renal Disease Questionnaire) for the level of adherence. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the help of the Statistical Program SPSS version 19.0. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The increase in knowledge on disease management, fluid adherence, and dietary adherence in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and adherence. Adherence improved for all the domains, i.e., dialysis attendance, episodes of shortening, adherence to medication, fluid restriction, and dietary restriction. Adherence to fluid and dietary restriction was statistically significant. This trail is registered with https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CTRI/2018/05/014166.

目的:本研究的目的是评估教育干预对血液透析(HD)患者的知识水平和治疗方案依从性的影响,并描述这些变量之间的关联。方法:在这项随机对照试验中,印度南部一家拥有2030个床位的三级教学医院的HD中心的160名HD患者被随机分为干预组(N = 80,接受教育和一本小册子)和对照组(N = 80,接受标准治疗)。采用有效的知识问卷和终末期肾病问卷(ESRD-AQ)测量干预前和干预后的知识和依从性水平。使用SPSS 19.0版统计软件对数据进行统计分析。统计学显著性水平设为0.05。结果:干预组在疾病管理知识、液体依从性和饮食依从性方面的增加明显高于对照组。知识与依从性无显著相关。所有领域的依从性都得到改善,即透析出席率、缩短发作、药物依从性、液体限制和饮食限制。坚持饮水和饮食限制有统计学意义。这条线索注册在https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CTRI/2018/05/014166上。
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引用次数: 4
Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study. 伊朗北部Shomal Pasteur研究所收到的狂犬病病例比较:一项为期2年的研究。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3492601
Saeid Kavoosian, Ramezan Behzadi, Mohsen Asouri, Ali Asghar Ahmadi, Mehrab Nasirikenari, Alireza Salehi

The rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus, the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of rabies, a contagious, deadly, and progressive neurological infection. This illness is commonly distributed worldwide and affects all warm-blooded animals. Regarding the zoonotic aspects of rabies, the prevalence of rabies was investigated in this study. Over 2 years, 188 samples were examined via the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) techniques by using brain tissue samples. Our findings showed that 73.94% of samples were rabies positive. The highest number of samples belonged to cows and dogs, respectively. The positivity rate in cows was 71.88%, followed by dogs with a 57.78% infection rate. These findings suggested that despite the heavy monitoring protocols in Iran, rabies is still a prevalent disease, and it is advised that vaccinations and screening programs should be carried out more frequently with heavier observation.

狂犬病毒属于狂犬病毒属,狂犬病毒科,是狂犬病的病原体,狂犬病是一种传染性、致命性和进行性神经感染。这种疾病普遍分布在世界各地,影响所有温血动物。关于狂犬病的人畜共患方面,本研究调查了狂犬病的流行情况。在2年多的时间里,通过直接荧光抗体试验(DFAT)和小鼠接种试验(MIT)技术对188个样本进行了脑组织样本检测。结果显示,73.94%的样本为狂犬病阳性。样本数量最多的分别是牛和狗。奶牛感染率为71.88%,犬次之,感染率为57.78%。这些发现表明,尽管在伊朗有严格的监测方案,狂犬病仍然是一种流行疾病,建议应更频繁地开展疫苗接种和筛查计划,并进行更严格的观察。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics
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