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Global Trend on Machine Learning in Helicobacter within One Decade: A Scientometric Study. 十年内螺杆菌机器学习的全球趋势:一项科学计量学研究。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8856736
Omid Eslami, Mohsen Nakhaie, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Maryam Azimi, Ellahe Shahabi, Amin Honarmand, Mahdiyeh Khazaneha

Purpose: This study aims to create a science map, provide structural analysis, investigate evolution, and identify new trends in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) research articles.

Methods: All Helicobacter publications were gathered from the Web of Science (WoS) database from August 2010 to 2021. The data were required for bibliometric analysis. The bibliometric analysis was performed with Bibliometrix R Tool. Bibliometric data were analyzed using the Bibliometrix Biblioshiny R-package software.

Results: A total of 17,413 articles were reviewed and analyzed, with descriptive characteristics of the H. pylori literature included. In journals, 21,102 keywords plus and 20,490 author keywords were reported. These articles were also written by 56,106 different authors, with 262 being single-author articles. Most authors' abstracts, titles, and keywords included "Helicobacter-pylori." Since 2010, the total number of H. pylori-related publications has been decreasing. Gut, PLOS ONE, and Gastroenterology are the most influential H. pylori journals, according to source impact. China, the United States, and Japan are the countries with most affiliations and subjects. In addition, Seoul National University has published the most articles about H. pylori. According to the cloud word plot, the authors' most frequently used keywords are gastric cancer (GC), H. pylori, gastritis, eradication, and inflammation. "Helicobacter pylori" and "infection" have the steepest slopes in terms of the upward trend of words used in articles from 2010 to 2021. Subjects such as GC, intestinal metaplasia, epidemiology, peptic ulcer, eradication, and clarithromycin are included in the diagram's motor theme section, according to strategic diagrams. According to the thematic evolution map, topics such as Helicobacter pylori infection, B-cell lymphoma, CagA, Helicobacter pylori, and infection were largely discussed between 2010 and 2015. From 2016 to 2021, the top topics covered included Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori infection, and infection.

目的:建立幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, h.p ylori)的科学图谱,提供结构分析,研究演变,并确定新的趋势。方法:收集2010年8月至2021年Web of Science (WoS)数据库中有关幽门螺杆菌的所有出版物。文献计量学分析需要这些数据。文献计量学分析采用Bibliometrix R Tool进行。文献计量学数据采用Bibliometrix Biblioshiny R-package软件进行分析。结果:共回顾和分析了17413篇文献,包括幽门螺杆菌文献的描述性特征。在期刊中,报告了21,102个关键词+和20,490个作者关键词。这些文章也由56106位不同的作者撰写,其中262位是单作者文章。大多数作者的摘要、标题和关键词都包含“幽门螺杆菌”。自2010年以来,幽门螺杆菌相关出版物的总数一直在减少。根据来源影响,Gut、PLOS ONE和Gastroenterology是最具影响力的幽门螺杆菌期刊。中国、美国和日本是隶属关系和主体最多的国家。此外,首尔大学发表的有关幽门螺杆菌的文章最多。根据云词图,作者使用频率最高的关键词是胃癌(GC)、幽门螺杆菌、胃炎、根除和炎症。从2010年到2021年,“幽门螺杆菌”和“感染”的上升趋势最为明显。根据战略图,GC、肠化生、流行病学、消化性溃疡、根除和克拉霉素等主题包括在图表的运动主题部分。根据主题演变图,2010年至2015年间,人们对幽门螺杆菌感染、b细胞淋巴瘤、CagA、幽门螺杆菌和感染等主题进行了大量讨论。从2016年到2021年,最热门的话题包括幽门螺杆菌、幽门螺杆菌感染和感染。
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引用次数: 1
Association of Diabetes with Meningitis Infection Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 糖尿病与脑膜炎感染风险的关系:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-12-09 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3996711
Moses Asori, Ali Musah, Razak M Gyasi

Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016 estimated that the global incident cases of meningitis have increased by 320,000 between 1990 and 2016. Current evidence suggests that diabetes may be a prime risk factor for meningitis among individuals, including older adults. However, findings of prior studies on this topic remain inconsistent, making a general conclusion relatively difficult. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesize the literature on the risk of meningitis associated with diabetes and compare the risk across different global regions.

Method: Literature search and study design protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar using relevant MESH terms. A random effect model was used to pull effect sizes.

Results: Initial search yielded 772 papers but 756 studies were excluded due to duplicity and not meeting inclusion criteria. In all, 16 papers involving 16847 cases were used. The pulled effect size (ES) of the association between diabetes and meningitis was 2.240 (OR = 2.240, 95% CI = 1.716-2.924). Regional-base analysis showed that diabetes increased the risk of developing meningitis in Europe (OR = 1.737, 95% CI = 1.299-2.323), Asia (OR = 2.192, 95% CI = 1.233-3.898), and North America (OR = 2.819, 95% CI = 1.159-6.855). These associations remained significant in the study design and etiological classe-based subgroup analyses. However, we surprisingly found no studies in Africa or South America.

Conclusion: Diabetes is a risk factor for developing meningitis. Given that no research on this topic came from Africa and South America, our findings should be contextually interpreted. We, however, encourage studies on diabetes-meningitis linkages from all parts of the world, particularly in Africa and South America, to confirm the findings of the present study.

背景:2016 年全球疾病负担研究估计,1990 年至 2016 年间,全球脑膜炎发病病例增加了 32 万例。目前的证据表明,糖尿病可能是包括老年人在内的个体患脑膜炎的首要风险因素。然而,此前有关这一主题的研究结果仍不一致,因此很难得出一般性结论。本研究旨在对与糖尿病相关的脑膜炎风险文献进行定量综合,并对全球不同地区的风险进行比较:文献检索和研究设计方案遵循系统综述和元分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南。使用相关的 MESH 术语在 PubMed、Web of Science、African Journal Online 和 Google Scholar 上进行了搜索。结果:初步搜索结果为 772 篇论文,但由于重复和不符合纳入标准,756 项研究被排除在外。总共使用了 16 篇论文,涉及 16847 个病例。糖尿病与脑膜炎之间关系的效应大小(ES)为2.240(OR = 2.240,95% CI = 1.716-2.924)。地区基础分析表明,在欧洲(OR = 1.737,95% CI = 1.299-2.323)、亚洲(OR = 2.192,95% CI = 1.233-3.898)和北美洲(OR = 2.819,95% CI = 1.159-6.855),糖尿病会增加患脑膜炎的风险。在研究设计和基于病因分类的亚组分析中,这些关联仍然显著。然而,令人惊讶的是,我们没有在非洲或南美洲发现任何研究:结论:糖尿病是脑膜炎的一个危险因素。结论:糖尿病是脑膜炎的危险因素。鉴于非洲和南美洲没有这方面的研究,我们的研究结果应结合具体情况进行解释。不过,我们鼓励世界各地,尤其是非洲和南美洲开展有关糖尿病与脑膜炎联系的研究,以证实本研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2 Genome-Based Severity Predictions Correspond to Lower qPCR Values and Higher Viral Load. 基于严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型基因组的严重性预测与较低的qPCR值和较高的病毒载量相对应
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-05-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6499217
Martin Skarzynski, Erin M McAuley, Ezekiel J Maier, Anthony C Fries, Jameson D Voss, Richard R Chapleau

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the importance of predicting, identifying, and tracking mutations throughout a pandemic event. As the COVID-19 global pandemic surpassed one year, several variants had emerged resulting in increased severity and transmissibility. Here, we used PCR as a surrogate for viral load and consequent severity to evaluate the real-world capabilities of a genome-based clinical severity predictive algorithm. Using a previously published algorithm, we compared the viral genome-based severity predictions to clinically derived PCR-based viral load of 716 viral genomes. For those samples predicted to be "severe" (probability of severe illness >0.5), we observed an average cycle threshold (Ct) of 18.3, whereas those in in the "mild" category (severity probability <0.5) had an average Ct of 20.4 (P=0.0017). We also found a nontrivial correlation between predicted severity probability and cycle threshold (r = -0.199). Finally, when divided into severity probability quartiles, the group most likely to experience severe illness (≥75% probability) had a Ct of 16.6 (n = 10), whereas the group least likely to experience severe illness (<25% probability) had a Ct of 21.4 (n = 350) (P=0.0045). Taken together, our results suggest that the severity predicted by a genome-based algorithm can be related to clinical diagnostic tests and that relative severity may be inferred from diagnostic values.

2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行证明了在整个大流行事件中预测、识别和跟踪突变的重要性。随着新冠肺炎全球大流行超过一年,出现了几种变种,导致严重程度和传播性增加。为了减少对人类生活的影响,快速识别哪些基因变异会导致毒力或传播增加至关重要。为了解决前者,我们评估了设计用于预测临床严重程度的基于基因组的预测算法是否可以预测聚合酶链式反应(PCR)结果,作为病毒载量和严重程度的替代。使用之前发表的算法,我们将基于病毒基因组的严重程度预测与716个病毒基因组的临床衍生的基于PCR的病毒载量进行了比较。对于那些预测为严重(预测严重程度得分>0.5)的样本,我们观察到平均周期阈值(Ct)为18.3,而轻度(严重程度预测<0.5)的样本平均Ct为20.4(P=0.0017)。我们发现预测严重程度概率和周期阈值之间存在非平凡的相关性(r=-0.199)。此外,当按预测严重程度概率划分为四分位数时,最有可能的四分位数([≥]75%概率)的Ct为16.6(n=10),而最不可能严重的四分之一(<25%)为21.4(n=350)(P=0.0045)。总之,我们的结果表明,基于基因组的算法预测的严重程度可能与临床诊断测试的指标有关,并且可以从诊断值推断出相对严重性。
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary Traits and Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in South America. 南美SARS-CoV-2的进化特征和基因组监测
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-05-18 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8551576
Pablo A Ortiz-Pineda, Carlos H Sierra-Torres

Since the zoonotic event from which SARS-CoV-2 started infecting humans late in 2019, the virus has caused more than 5 million deaths and has infected over 500 million people around the world. The pandemic has had a severe impact on social and economic activities, with greater repercussions in low-income countries. South America, with almost 5% of the world's population, has reckoned with almost a fifth of the total people infected and more than 26% (>1/4) of the deceased. Fortunately, the full genome structure and sequence of SARS-CoV-2 have been rapidly obtained and studied thanks to all the scientific efforts and data sharing around the world. Such molecular analysis of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics showed that rates of mutation, similar to other members of the Coronaviridae family, along with natural selection forces, could result in the emergence of new variants; few of them might be of high consequence. However, this is a serious threat to controlling the pandemic and, of course, enduring the process of returning to normalization with the implicit monetary cost of such a contingency. The lack of updated knowledge in South America justifies the need to develop a structured genomic surveillance program of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The modeling of the molecular events and microevolution of the virus will contribute to making better decisions on public health management of the pandemic and developing accurate treatments and more efficient vaccines.

自2019年末严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型开始感染人类的人畜共患事件以来,该病毒已导致500多万人死亡,并已感染全球5亿多人。疫情对社会和经济活动产生了严重影响,对低收入国家的影响更大。南美洲人口占世界人口的近5%,占感染总人数的近五分之一,死亡人数的26%以上(>1/4)。幸运的是,由于世界各地的科学努力和数据共享,严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的全基因组结构和序列已经迅速获得和研究。这种对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型动力学的分子分析表明,与冠状病毒科其他成员类似的突变率,加上自然选择力,可能导致新变种的出现;其中很少有可能具有重大影响。然而,这对控制疫情构成了严重威胁,当然,也对承受这种意外事件的隐性货币成本而恢复正常化的过程构成了严重的威胁。南美洲缺乏最新知识,因此有必要制定一个针对当前和新出现的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型变异株的结构化基因组监测计划。病毒分子事件和微进化的建模将有助于更好地决定对大流行的公共卫生管理,并开发准确的治疗方法和更有效的疫苗。
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引用次数: 4
Modelling the Effect of the Interaction between Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Measures on COVID-19 Incidence. 模拟疫苗接种与非药物措施之间的相互作用对 COVID-19 发病率的影响。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-03-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9244953
Atsegine Canga, Gorka Bidegain

Since December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly from Wuhan (China) across the globe, affecting more than 200 countries by mid-2021, with over 190 M reported cases and around 4 M fatalities. During the first year of the pandemic, affected countries implemented a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions to control virus transmission. In December 2020, countries started administering several authorised vaccines under a limited supply scenario. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a SEIR-type continuous-time deterministic disease model, to determine the impact of interaction between different vaccination scenarios and levels of protection measures on disease incidence. For this, the model incorporates (i) a protection measure including low (self-protection), medium (mobility limitation), high (closure of indoor facilities), and very high (lockdown) protection levels, (ii) quarantine for confirmed cases, and (iii) vaccination rate and efficacy of four types of vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra Zeneca, and Janssen). The model was verified and evaluated using the response timeline and vaccination strategies and rates in the Basque Country (N. Spain). Once the model performance was validated, different initial phase (when 30% of the population is vaccinated) vaccination scenarios were simulated, including (i) a realistic vaccine limited supply scenario and (ii) four potential full vaccine supply scenarios where a unique vaccine type is administered. Significant differences in disease prevalence and cumulative mortality were found between vaccination scenarios for low and medium-level protection measures. For high-level protection measures, any vaccine scenario is effective at limiting the virus transmission and disease mortality. The results obtained here may vary in further studies since there may be some unpredictable factors/covariates. With this in mind, the model here could be easily applied to other regions or countries, modifying the strategies implemented and initial conditions.

自 2019 年 12 月以来,新型严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)从中国武汉迅速蔓延至全球,到 2021 年年中已影响 200 多个国家,报告病例超过 1.9 亿例,约 400 万人死亡。在大流行的第一年,受影响国家采取了各种非药物干预措施来控制病毒传播。2020 年 12 月,各国开始在供应有限的情况下接种几种授权疫苗。在此背景下,本研究旨在开发一个 SEIR 型连续时间确定性疾病模型,以确定不同疫苗接种方案和保护措施水平之间的相互作用对疾病发病率的影响。为此,模型纳入了(i) 保护措施,包括低(自我保护)、中(限制行动)、高(关闭室内设施)和极高(封锁)保护水平,(ii) 确诊病例的隔离,以及(iii) 四种疫苗(辉瑞、Moderna、阿斯利康和杨森)的接种率和效力。该模型使用巴斯克地区(西班牙北部)的响应时间表、疫苗接种策略和接种率进行了验证和评估。模型性能得到验证后,对不同的初始阶段(30% 的人口接种疫苗)疫苗接种情景进行了模拟,包括 (i) 现实的疫苗有限供应情景和 (ii) 四种潜在的全面疫苗供应情景,即接种一种独特的疫苗类型。在低级和中级保护措施的不同疫苗接种方案中,疾病流行率和累积死亡率存在显著差异。对于高级别保护措施,任何疫苗方案都能有效限制病毒传播和疾病死亡率。由于可能存在一些不可预测的因素/变量,进一步研究得出的结果可能会有所不同。有鉴于此,此处的模型可以很容易地应用于其他地区或国家,只需修改所实施的策略和初始条件即可。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Evidence-Based COVID-19 Management Guidelines for Local Context: The Methodological Challenges. 基于当地情况制定基于证据的COVID-19管理指南:方法挑战。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4240378
Sarah Nadeem, Salima Saleem Aamdani, Bushra Ayub, Nashia Ali Rizvi, Fatima Safi Arslan, Russell Seth Martins, Maria Khan, Syed Faisal Mahmood
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented as a therapeutic challenge for clinicians worldwide due to its rapid spread along with evolving evidence and understanding of the disease. Internationally, recommendations to guide the management of COVID-19 have been created and updated continuously by the WHO and CDC, which have been locally adapted by different countries. Similarly, Pakistan's National Command Operation Center (NCOC), in its national COVID-19 management strategy, generated guidelines for national implementation. Keeping the guidelines updated has proved challenging globally and locally. Here, we present a summary of the process to assess the evidence, including a time-restricted systematic review based on NCOC Clinical Management Guidelines for COVID-19 Infections v4 published on 11<sup>th</sup> December 2020 version, correlating it with current recommendations and with input one of the guidelines authors, particularly noting the methodological challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review synthesizing global research on treatment options for COVID-19 hospitalized patients, limiting it to pharmacological interventions for hospitalized COVID-19 patients included in Pakistan's NCOC's national guidelines v4 published on 11<sup>th</sup> December 2020. Each treatment recommendation's strength and quality of evidence was assessed based on the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. These were then compared to the most current living WHO COVID-19 pharmacological treatment guidelines v7.1. One of the authors of the NCOC guidelines reviewed and commented on the findings as well.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We note that the data from our systematic review strongly supports corticosteroids use in treating severe and critically ill COVID-19 hospitalized patients correlating with WHO v7.1 guidelines 24 September 2021. However, evidence from our review and WHO v7.1 for the use of tocilizumab had some conflicting evidence, with data from our review until December 2020 supporting only a weak recommendation for its use, compared to the strong recommendation by the WHO for the use of tocilizumab in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 infection. Regarding the use of antibiotics and ivermectin use in treating COVID-19 hospitalized patients, data from our review and WHO v 7.1 recommend against their use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research data about the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are rapidly evolving, and based on it, the evidence for or against recommendations changes accordingly. Our study illustrates the challenges of keeping up with the evidence; the recommendations were based on studies up till December 2021, and we have compared our recommendations with the WHO v7.1, which showed some significant changes in the use of pharmacologica
背景:2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行由于其迅速传播以及不断发展的证据和对该疾病的了解,已成为全球临床医生面临的治疗挑战。在国际上,世卫组织和美国疾病控制与预防中心制定并不断更新了指导COVID-19管理的建议,这些建议已被不同国家在当地进行了调整。同样,巴基斯坦国家指挥行动中心(NCOC)在其国家COVID-19管理战略中制定了国家实施指南。事实证明,无论在全球还是在当地,保持指南的更新都是一项挑战。在此,我们总结了评估证据的过程,包括根据2020年12月11日发布的NCOC COVID-19感染临床管理指南v4进行的有时间限制的系统评价,将其与当前建议和指南作者之一的意见联系起来,特别注意到方法上的挑战。方法:我们进行了一项系统综述,综合了全球关于COVID-19住院患者治疗方案的研究,将其限制在2020年12月11日发布的巴基斯坦NCOC国家指南v4中包含的COVID-19住院患者的药物干预措施。每个治疗建议的强度和证据质量是根据建议评估、发展和评价(GRADE)方法的分级来评估的。然后将这些与最新在世卫组织COVID-19药物治疗指南v7.1进行比较。NCOC指南的一位作者也对研究结果进行了回顾和评论。结果:我们注意到,我们系统评价的数据强烈支持使用皮质类固醇治疗重症和危重症COVID-19住院患者,并与世卫组织v7.1指南2021年9月24日相关。然而,我们的综述和世卫组织v7.1关于tocilizumab使用的证据存在一些相互矛盾的证据,我们截至2020年12月的综述数据仅支持弱推荐使用tocilizumab,而世卫组织强烈建议在严重或危重型COVID-19感染患者中使用tocilizumab。关于在治疗COVID-19住院患者中使用抗生素和伊维菌素,我们的审查数据和世卫组织v 7.1建议不要使用抗生素和伊维菌素。结论:关于新冠肺炎住院患者药物干预的有效性和安全性的研究数据正在快速发展,基于这些数据,支持或反对建议的证据也会相应发生变化。我们的研究说明了跟上证据的挑战;这些建议是基于截至2021年12月的研究,我们将我们的建议与世卫组织v7.1进行了比较,后者显示了药物治疗选择使用方面的一些重大变化。
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引用次数: 2
Considerations of Autonomy in Guiding Decisions around the Feedback of Individual Genetic Research Results from Genomics Research: Expectations of and Preferences from Researchers in Botswana. 自主性的考虑在指导决策周围的个人遗传研究结果的反馈基因组学研究:期望和偏好的研究人员在博茨瓦纳。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3245206
Mary Kasule, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Erisa Mwaka, Ambroise Wonkam, Jantina de Vries

Background: The Human Health and Heredity (H3Africa) Consortium continues to generate large amounts of genomic data leading to new insights into health and disease among African populations. This has however generated debate among stakeholders involved in developing, implementing, and applying ethical standards and policies for the return of individual genetic research results. The key questions are about when results must, should, may, or must not be returned and by whom. This study aimed to explore the views on the feedback of individual pertinent and incidental genetic research results of researchers, ethics committee members, and policymakers in Botswana.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 key stakeholders from academic, research institutions, and regulatory bodies in Botswana. An analysis of the coded data was done through an iterative process of analytic induction to document and interpret themes and patterns.

Results: Overall, the study indicated that researchers have at least a partial obligation to return individual genetic research results to research participants. Respondents placed emphasis on the ethical principle of autonomy. They felt that it was inappropriate for researchers to make decisions about the return of results on participants' behalf except in situations of avoiding participant self-harm or harm to society.

Conclusion: Findings helped to highlight the importance of considering participants' autonomy in the development of sustainable and credible guidelines for feedback of findings from genomics research in Botswana, which can be explained during community engagement and consent processes. Such guidelines would ultimately be used to develop policies, guide African genomics research, and promote participant autonomy, transparency, and possibly participant trust in research.

背景:人类健康和遗传(H3Africa)联盟继续产生大量基因组数据,从而对非洲人口的健康和疾病产生新的见解。然而,这在参与制定、实施和应用伦理标准和政策以回报个人基因研究成果的利益相关者之间引发了争论。关键问题是,什么时候必须、应该、可以或不应该归还结果,以及由谁归还。本研究旨在探讨博茨瓦纳研究人员、伦理委员会成员和政策制定者对个体相关和偶然遗传研究结果反馈的看法。方法:与来自博茨瓦纳学术、研究机构和监管机构的16名关键利益相关者进行了深入访谈。通过分析归纳的迭代过程对编码数据进行分析,以记录和解释主题和模式。结果:总的来说,这项研究表明,研究人员至少有部分义务将个人基因研究结果返还给研究参与者。受访者强调了自治的伦理原则。他们认为,除了在避免参与者自残或危害社会的情况下,研究人员代表参与者做出关于结果返回的决定是不合适的。结论:研究结果有助于强调在博茨瓦纳基因组学研究结果反馈的可持续和可信指导方针的制定中考虑参与者自主权的重要性,这可以在社区参与和同意过程中得到解释。这样的指导方针最终将用于制定政策、指导非洲基因组学研究、促进参与者的自主权、透明度以及可能的参与者对研究的信任。
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引用次数: 5
The Main Patterns in the Trend Change of Stomach Cancer Incidence amongst Selected African Countries. 部分非洲国家胃癌发病率趋势变化的主要模式
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-12-23 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5065707
Fahimeh Shokouhi, Aida Amiripour, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki

Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the trend changes of stomach cancer incidence amongst African countries and identify the main patterns.

Methods: The annual reports of stomach cancer incidence rate (per 100,000 people) for males and females in 53 African countries from 1990 to 2016 were maintained from the World Health Organization archive. The growth mixture model was used for fitting the models in Mplus 7.4. The estimated linear trend in each pattern was characterized by intercept (the rate at 1990) and slope (the observed biennial trend changes), and finally, each country was grouped into a cluster with the most similar pattern.

Results: Three main patterns for males and two main patterns for females were determined. For males, the first cluster, containing Cape Verde, Central African Republic, and Mauritius, showed a sharp fall, while countries in the second pattern including Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, and Tunisia were categorized in a pattern with a slight decrease, and other 43 countries were in the third pattern with a moderate falling trend. For females, 19 countries including Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were categorized in the moderate-to-high falling pattern, but the other 34 countries had a gentle downward pattern.

Conclusion: Although most of the observed trends of stomach cancer were falling, only a few countries had experienced a favorable decreasing trend (three countries in male incidence and nineteen countries in female incidence). Therefore, taking effective actions to accelerate the observed falling trends seems necessary.

目的:本研究旨在调查非洲国家胃癌发病率的趋势变化,并确定主要模式。方法:从世界卫生组织档案中获取1990年至2016年非洲53个国家男女胃癌发病率(每10万人)的年度报告。生长混合物模型用于Mplus 7.4中模型的拟合。每种模式的估计线性趋势具有截距(1990年的比率)和斜率(观察到的两年趋势变化)的特征,最后,每个国家被归为模式最相似的一类。结果:确定了男性的3种主要模式,女性的2种主要模式。对于男性来说,第一组包括佛得角、中非共和国和毛里求斯,出现了急剧下降,而第二组包括阿尔及利亚、Côte科特迪瓦、埃及、冈比亚、利比亚、马拉维、摩洛哥、纳米比亚、尼日利亚和突尼斯的国家则出现了轻微下降,其他43个国家则出现了温和下降的第三组。在女性方面,包括安哥拉、博茨瓦纳、布隆迪、佛得角、中非共和国、刚果共和国、赤道几内亚、埃塞俄比亚、加蓬、肯尼亚、马里、毛里求斯、卢旺达、圣多美和普林西比、苏丹、斯威士兰、乌干达、赞比亚和津巴布韦在内的19个国家的女性被归类为中高下降模式,但其他34个国家的女性则呈温和下降模式。结论:虽然大多数观察到的胃癌发病率呈下降趋势,但只有少数国家出现了良好的下降趋势(男性发病率为3个国家,女性发病率为19个国家)。因此,采取有效行动加速观测到的下降趋势似乎是必要的。
{"title":"The Main Patterns in the Trend Change of Stomach Cancer Incidence amongst Selected African Countries.","authors":"Fahimeh Shokouhi,&nbsp;Aida Amiripour,&nbsp;Hadi Raeisi Shahraki","doi":"10.1155/2021/5065707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5065707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate the trend changes of stomach cancer incidence amongst African countries and identify the main patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The annual reports of stomach cancer incidence rate (per 100,000 people) for males and females in 53 African countries from 1990 to 2016 were maintained from the World Health Organization archive. The growth mixture model was used for fitting the models in Mplus 7.4. The estimated linear trend in each pattern was characterized by intercept (the rate at 1990) and slope (the observed biennial trend changes), and finally, each country was grouped into a cluster with the most similar pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main patterns for males and two main patterns for females were determined. For males, the first cluster, containing Cape Verde, Central African Republic, and Mauritius, showed a sharp fall, while countries in the second pattern including Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, and Tunisia were categorized in a pattern with a slight decrease, and other 43 countries were in the third pattern with a moderate falling trend. For females, 19 countries including Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were categorized in the moderate-to-high falling pattern, but the other 34 countries had a gentle downward pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although most of the observed trends of stomach cancer were falling, only a few countries had experienced a favorable decreasing trend (three countries in male incidence and nineteen countries in female incidence). Therefore, taking effective actions to accelerate the observed falling trends seems necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5065707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39816942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modelling the Effect of the Interaction between Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Measures on COVID-19 Incidence 疫苗接种与非药物措施相互作用对新冠肺炎发病率影响的模型
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.29.21266986
Atsegine Canga, G. Bidegain
Since December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly from Wuhan (China) across the globe, affecting more than 200 countries by mid-2021, with over 190 M reported cases and around 4 M fatalities. During the first year of the pandemic, affected countries implemented a variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control virus transmission. In December 2020, countries started administering several authorised vaccines under a limited supply scenario. In this context, a SEIR-type continuous-time deterministic disease model was developed to explore the effect of vaccination in terms of vaccination rate and efficacy, together with varying non-pharmaceutical protection measures, on disease incidence in the initial phase of vaccination. For this, the model incorporates (i) a protection measure including low (self-protection), medium (mobility limitation), high (closure of indoor facilities) and very high (lockdown) protection levels, (ii) quarantine for confirmed cases, and (iii) vaccination rate and efficacy of four type of vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra Zeneca or Janssen). The model was veri[fi]ed and evaluated using the response timeline and vaccination strategies and rates in the Basque Country (N. Spain). Once the model performance was validated, different initial phase (when 30% of the population is vaccinated) vaccination scenarios were simulated, including (i) a realistic vaccine limited supply scenario, and (ii) four potential full vaccine supply scenarios where a unique vaccine type is administered. The Pfizer scenario resulted in the lowest prevalence of infection and cumulative mortality, particularly for low- and medium-level protection rates. However, regardless of the administered vaccine, a high-level protection scenario is the most effective to control the virus transmission and disease mortality in the studied initial phase of vaccination. The model here, which is based on this example, could be easily applied to other regions or countries, modifying the strategies implemented and initial conditions.
自2019年12月以来,新型严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)从中国武汉迅速传播到全球,截至2021年年中,已影响200多个国家,报告病例超过1.9亿例,死亡人数约400万。在大流行的第一年,受影响的国家实施了各种非药物干预措施来控制病毒传播。2020年12月,各国开始在供应有限的情况下接种几种授权疫苗。在这种情况下,开发了一个SEIR型连续时间确定性疾病模型,以探索疫苗接种在疫苗接种初期对疾病发生率和疗效的影响,以及不同的非药物保护措施。为此,该模型包括(i)保护措施,包括低(自我保护)、中(行动受限)、高(关闭室内设施)和极高(封锁)保护水平,(ii)确诊病例的隔离,以及(iii)四种疫苗(辉瑞、莫德纳、阿斯利康或杨森)的疫苗接种率和有效性。该模型使用巴斯克国家(西班牙北部)的反应时间表、疫苗接种策略和接种率进行了验证和评估。一旦模型性能得到验证,就模拟了不同的初始阶段(当30%的人口接种疫苗时)疫苗接种场景,包括(i)现实的疫苗有限供应场景,以及(ii)四种潜在的完全疫苗供应场景,其中接种了一种独特的疫苗类型。辉瑞的情况导致感染率和累计死亡率最低,尤其是中低水平的保护率。然而,无论接种何种疫苗,在研究的疫苗接种初始阶段,高水平的保护方案是控制病毒传播和疾病死亡率的最有效方案。基于这个例子的模型可以很容易地应用于其他地区或国家,从而修改所实施的战略和初始条件。
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引用次数: 3
An Assessment of the Economic Feasibility of Selected Surgeries in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department under Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. 印度南部一家三级医院妇产科部分手术在社区医疗保险(CBHI)下的经济可行性评估。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-09-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1158533
Jatoveda Haldar, Rajesh Kamath, Kramer Stallone D'lima, Jossil Nazareth

Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) is a form of micro health insurance targeted at low-income groups that permits for grouping of assets to tackle the expenses of future, uncertain, health-related circumstances. According to the International Labour Organisation, more than 80% of India's employed nonagricultural population is in the informal sector, implying that they are possibly excluded from receiving health insurance benefits. This is where CBHI comes into play, wherein groups of people belonging to a community define the demand and benefits and pool their resources to provide financial protection to all their members. This study aims to scrutinize the package prices sanctioned by these schemes and compare them with the cost incurred by the hospital. The expense pattern of three surgeries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology was analysed under three insurance schemes: Arogya Bhagya Yojana, Arogya Karnataka, and Employees' State Insurance Scheme. Methodology. A retrospective study was conducted in a 2,032-bedded tertiary care hospital in South India. Patients of abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, and caesarean section surgeries covered by any of the insurance schemes mentioned above were a part of the inclusion criteria. The patient records were examined from the hospital's Medical Records Department (MRD). The patients' bills were assembled from the inpatient billing department to scrutinize all the expenses associated with each surgery. The variable costs include consumables, medicine, electricity and AC, diagnostics, blood bank materials, doctor's fee, package differences, and others. In contrast, fixed costs include bed cost, equipment cost (purchase + annual maintenance cost), manpower cost-OT, manpower cost-nursing, and allocated indirect costs associated with the medical treatment. These were computed and compared with the package price of respective insurance schemes to determine if the schemes are profit-yielding schemes or loss-yielding schemes, using the data from the finance department. Results and Conclusion. It has been observed that the operating loss of the hospital for abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, and caesarean section under CBHI schemes ranges between 7% and 36%. The highest loss was observed in Arogya Karnataka Scheme for caesarean section surgery (BPL patients). The amount received through these schemes is insufficient to cover the costs acquired by the hospital, let alone make a profit. However, under Arogya Bhagya and ESI Schemes, the hospital has made a profit in covering the variable costs for these surgeries. The study concludes that the hospital is running under loss due to the three Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes.

社区医疗保险(CBHI)是一种针对低收入群体的小额医疗保险,允许将资产组合起来,以应对未来不确定的、与健康有关的情况。根据国际劳工组织的数据,印度 80% 以上的非农业就业人口属于非正规部门,这意味着他们可能无法享受医疗保险福利。这就是社区医疗保险发挥作用的地方,属于一个社区的群体可以确定需求和福利,并集中资源为其所有成员提供经济保障。本研究旨在仔细研究这些计划批准的套餐价格,并将其与医院的成本进行比较。研究分析了妇产科在三种保险计划下进行的三种手术的费用模式:Arogya Bhagya Yojana、Arogya Karnataka 和雇员国家保险计划。研究方法。在南印度一家拥有 2032 张床位的三级医院开展了一项回顾性研究。纳入标准包括上述任何一种保险计划承保的腹部子宫切除术、阴道子宫切除术和剖腹产手术患者。患者病历由医院的医疗记录部(MRD)提供。从住院病人账单部门收集了病人的账单,以仔细检查与每次手术相关的所有费用。可变成本包括耗材、药品、电费和空调费、诊断费、血库材料费、医生费、套餐差价等。相比之下,固定成本包括床位费、设备费(购置费+年度维护费)、人力成本(OT)、人力成本(护理)以及与医疗相关的分配间接成本。利用财务部门提供的数据,对这些成本进行计算,并与相应保险计划的套餐价格进行比较,以确定这些计划是盈利计划还是亏损计划。结果和结论。据观察,在 CBHI 计划下,医院在腹部子宫切除术、阴道子宫切除术和剖腹产手术方面的经营亏损在 7% 至 36% 之间。在 Arogya Karnataka 计划中,剖腹产手术(贫困线以下患者)的损失最大。通过这些计划获得的金额不足以支付医院的成本,更不用说盈利了。然而,在 Arogya Bhagya 和 ESI 计划下,医院在支付这些手术的可变成本方面实现了盈利。研究得出结论,由于实施了三项社区医疗保险计划,医院处于亏损状态。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics
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