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‘Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus genotypes in northern Greece in the last decade: descriptive analysis and clinical correlations’ “过去十年中希腊北部丙型肝炎病毒基因型的分布:描述性分析和临床相关性”
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2019.4
G. Gioula, E. Sinakos, E. Gigi, I. Goulis, T. Vasiliadis, F. Minti, E. Akriviadis
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major public health problem, while the identification of a HCV genotype is clinically very important for therapy prescription. The aim of the present study was to determine the HCV genotype distribution patients from northern Greece with HCV RNA positive viral load and to identify whether there is a shift in this distribution, during 2009–2017. The study was performed on 915 HCV positive patients and according to the results, genotype 3 was the most prevalent genotype (Ν = 395, 43.2%) followed by genotype 1 (Ν = 361, 39.5%). Regarding the gender of the patients, genotype 1 was mostly detected in women. Moreover, genotype 1 was associated with higher viral loads, while genotype 3 was most frequently detected in patients with a history of intravenous drug use. In conclusion, our results show that genotype 3 is the most prevalent genotype in Greece during the last decade as opposed to older epidemiological studies, likely due to intravenous drug use becoming the major source of infection.
丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是一个主要的公共卫生问题,而HCV基因型的鉴定在临床上对治疗处方非常重要。本研究的目的是确定希腊北部HCV RNA阳性病毒载量患者的HCV基因型分布,并确定2009-2017年期间这种分布是否发生了变化。本研究对915例HCV阳性患者进行了研究,结果表明,基因型3是最常见的基因型(=395,43.2%),其次是基因型1(=361,39.5%)。就患者的性别而言,基因型1主要在女性中检测到。此外,基因型1与较高的病毒载量有关,而基因型3在有静脉注射吸毒史的患者中最常见。总之,我们的研究结果表明,在过去十年中,基因型3是希腊最流行的基因型,而不是以前的流行病学研究,这可能是因为静脉注射药物成为主要的感染源。
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引用次数: 0
The association between emotional eating and depressive symptoms: a population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. 情绪化进食与抑郁症状之间的关系:斯里兰卡一项基于人群的双胞胎研究
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2019-05-08 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2019.3
Moritz P Herle, Carol Kan, Kaushalya Jayaweera, Anushka Adikari, Sisira Siribaddana, Helena M S Zavos, Milana Smolkina, Athula Sumathipala, Clare Llewellyn, Khalida Ismail, Matthew Hotopf, Janet Treasure, Frühling Rijsdijk

This study investigated the genetic and environmental contributions to emotional overeating (EOE) and depressive symptoms, and their covariation, in a Sri-Lankan population, using genetic model-fitting analysis. In total, 3957 twins and singletons in the Colombo Twin and Singleton Study-Phase 2 rated their EOE behaviour and depressive symptoms, which were significantly associated (men: r = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.16, women: r = 0.12, 95% CI 0.07-0.16). Non-shared environmental factors explained the majority of variance in men (EOE e2 = 87%, 95% CI 78-95%; depressive symptoms e2 = 72%, 95% CI 61-83%) and women (EOE e2 = 76%, 95% CI 68-83%; depressive symptoms e2 = 64%, 95% CI 55-74%). Genetic factors were more important for EOE in women (h2 = 21%, 95% CI 4-32%) than men (h2 = 9%, 95% CI 0-20%). Shared-environmental factors were more important for depressive symptoms in men (c2 = 25%, 95% CI 10-36%) than women (c2 = 9%, 95% CI 0-35%). Non-shared environmental factors explained the overlap between depressive symptoms and EOE in women but not in men. Results differed from high-income populations, highlighting the need for behavioural genetic research in global populations.

本研究利用遗传模型拟合分析,调查了斯里兰卡人群中情绪暴饮暴食(EOE)和抑郁症状的遗传和环境因素及其共变。在科伦坡双胞胎和单胞胎研究-第2阶段中,总共有3957名双胞胎和单胞胎对他们的EOE行为和抑郁症状进行了评分,这两者之间存在显著相关性(男性:r = 0.11, 95%可信区间(CI) 0.06-0.16,女性:r = 0.12, 95%可信区间(CI) 0.07-0.16)。非共享环境因素解释了男性的大部分差异(eoee2 = 87%, 95% CI 78-95%;抑郁症状e2 = 72%, 95% CI 61-83%)和女性(EOE e2 = 76%, 95% CI 68-83%;抑郁症状e2 = 64%, 95% CI 55-74%)。遗传因素对女性EOE的影响(h2 = 21%, 95% CI 4-32%)大于男性(h2 = 9%, 95% CI 0-20%)。共同环境因素对男性抑郁症状的影响(c2 = 25%, 95% CI 10-36%)大于女性(c2 = 9%, 95% CI 0-35%)。非共享的环境因素解释了女性抑郁症状和EOE之间的重叠,而不是男性。结果与高收入人群不同,这突出了在全球人群中进行行为遗传学研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 5
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Africa: a hidden danger. 非洲的非酒精性脂肪肝:隐藏的危险。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2019-04-12 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2019.2
Imran M Paruk, Fraser J Pirie, Ayesha A Motala

There is a dearth of data on the burden and spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in African populations. The limited available information suggests that the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is lowest for the Africa region. However, this is likely to be an underestimate and also does not take into consideration the long-term impact of rising rates of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high human immunodeficiency virus infection burden in Africa. A racial disparity in the prevalence of NAFLD has been observed in some studies but remains unexplained. There is an absence of data from population-based studies in Africa and this highlights the need for such studies, to reliably define the health service needs for this region. Screening for NAFLD at a population-based level using ultrasound is perhaps the ideal method for resource-poor settings because of its relative cost-effectiveness. What is required as a priority from Africa, are well-designed epidemiologic studies that screen for NAFLD in the general population as well as high-risk groups such as patients with T2DM or obesity.

有关非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)在非洲人口中的负担和范围的数据十分匮乏。现有的有限信息表明,非洲地区非酒精性脂肪肝在普通人群中的发病率最低。然而,这很可能是一种低估,而且也没有考虑到非洲肥胖症、2 型糖尿病(T2DM)发病率上升和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染率高所带来的长期影响。一些研究发现,非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率存在种族差异,但原因不明。非洲缺乏以人口为基础的研究数据,这凸显了开展此类研究的必要性,以便可靠地确定该地区的医疗服务需求。对于资源匮乏的地区来说,利用超声波在人群中筛查非酒精性脂肪肝也许是最理想的方法,因为它具有相对的成本效益。非洲的当务之急是开展精心设计的流行病学研究,在普通人群以及高危人群(如 T2DM 或肥胖症患者)中筛查非酒精性脂肪肝。
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引用次数: 0
Lifestyle intervention programme for Indian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus. 有妊娠期糖尿病史的印度妇女的生活方式干预方案。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2019-03-11 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.18
Deksha Kapoor, Yashdeep Gupta, Ankush Desai, Devarsetty Praveen, Rohina Joshi, Roya Rozati, Neerja Bhatla, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Prasuna Reddy, Anushka Patel, Nikhil Tandon

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention (diet and physical activity) among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), delivered by trained facilitators.

Methods: Fifty-six normoglycaemic or prediabetic women with prior GDM were recruited at mean of 17 months postpartum. Socio-demographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected. Six sessions on lifestyle modification were delivered in groups (total four groups, with 12-15 women in each group). Pre and post intervention (6 months) weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure (BP) and lipid parameters were compared.

Results: The intervention was feasible, with 80% of women attending four or more sessions. Post-intervention analyses showed a significant mean reduction of 1.8 kg in weight, 0.6 kg/m2 in BMI and 2 cm in waist circumference. There was also a significant drop of 0.3 mmol/L in fasting plasma glucose, 0.9 mmol/L in 2 h post glucose load value of plasma glucose, 3.6 mmHg in systolic BP, and 0.15 mmol/L in triglyceride levels. Changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and diastolic BP were non-significant.

Conclusions: This study showed feasibility of the lifestyle intervention delivered in group sessions to women with prior gestational diabetes.

目的:评价生活方式干预(饮食和身体活动)对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)妇女的可行性和潜在有效性,并由训练有素的辅导员进行指导。方法:在平均产后17个月招募56名血糖正常或糖尿病前期有GDM的妇女。收集了社会人口、医疗和人体测量数据。六次关于生活方式改变的会议以小组形式进行(共四组,每组12-15名妇女)。比较干预前后(6个月)体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、75 g口服糖耐量试验、血压(BP)、血脂等指标。结果:干预是可行的,80%的妇女参加了四个或更多的疗程。干预后分析显示,体重平均减少1.8 kg, BMI减少0.6 kg/m2,腰围减少2 cm。空腹血糖下降0.3 mmol/L,糖后2 h血糖负荷值下降0.9 mmol/L,收缩压下降3.6 mmHg,甘油三酯水平下降0.15 mmol/L。总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇和舒张压变化无统计学意义。结论:本研究显示了对妊娠期糖尿病患者进行生活方式干预的可行性。
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引用次数: 9
Characterisation and correlates of stunting among Malaysian children and adolescents aged 6-19 years. 马来西亚 6-19 岁儿童和青少年发育迟缓的特征和相关因素。
IF 1.1 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2019-03-04 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2019.1
Uttara Partap, Elizabeth H Young, Pascale Allotey, Manjinder S Sandhu, Daniel D Reidpath

Background: Despite emerging evidence regarding the reversibility of stunting at older ages, most stunting research continues to focus on children below 5 years of age. We aimed to assess stunting prevalence and examine the sociodemographic distribution of stunting risk among older children and adolescents in a Malaysian population.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data on 6759 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years living in Segamat, Malaysia. We compared prevalence estimates for stunting defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) references, using Cohen's κ coefficient. Associations between sociodemographic indices and stunting risk were examined using mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust standard errors.

Results: The classification of children and adolescents as stunted or normal height differed considerably between the two references (CDC v. WHO; κ for agreement: 0.73), but prevalence of stunting was high regardless of reference (crude prevalence: CDC 29.2%; WHO: 19.1%). Stunting risk was approximately 19% higher among underweight v. normal weight children and adolescents (p = 0.030) and 21% lower among overweight children and adolescents (p = 0.001), and decreased strongly with improved household drinking water sources [risk ratio (RR) for water piped into house: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.30-0.41, p < 0.001). Protective effects were also observed for improved sanitation facilities (RR for flush toilet: 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.88, p = 0.023). Associations were not materially affected in multiple sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: Our findings justify a framework for strategies addressing stunting across childhood, and highlight the need for consensus on a single definition of stunting in older children and adolescents to streamline monitoring efforts.

背景:尽管有新的证据表明,发育迟缓在年龄较大时是可逆的,但大多数发育迟缓研究仍侧重于 5 岁以下儿童。我们的目的是评估发育迟缓的发生率,并研究马来西亚人口中年龄较大的儿童和青少年发育迟缓风险的社会人口分布情况:我们使用了居住在马来西亚昔加末的 6759 名 6-19 岁儿童和青少年的横截面数据。我们使用科恩系数(Cohen's κ coefficient)比较了根据美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)和世界卫生组织(WHO)参考标准定义的发育迟缓患病率估计值。使用带稳健标准误差的混合效应泊松回归检验了社会人口指数与发育迟缓风险之间的关联:两个参考文献对儿童和青少年身高发育迟缓或正常的分类差异很大(CDC 与 WHO;κ 一致度:0.73),但无论哪个参考文献,发育迟缓的患病率都很高(粗患病率:CDC:29.2%;WHO:19.1%)。体重不足儿童和青少年的发育迟缓风险比体重正常儿童和青少年高出约 19% (p = 0.030),比超重儿童和青少年低 21% (p = 0.001),并且随着家庭饮用水源的改善而大幅降低[自来水入户的风险比 (RR) 为 0.35,95% 置信区间 (95% CI) 为 0.30-0.41,p < 0.001]。卫生设施的改善也具有保护作用(抽水马桶的风险比:0.41,95% 置信区间为 0.19-0.88,p = 0.023)。在多重敏感性分析中,相关性未受到实质性影响:我们的研究结果为解决儿童发育迟缓问题的战略框架提供了依据,并强调有必要就大龄儿童和青少年发育迟缓的单一定义达成共识,以简化监测工作。
{"title":"Characterisation and correlates of stunting among Malaysian children and adolescents aged 6-19 years.","authors":"Uttara Partap, Elizabeth H Young, Pascale Allotey, Manjinder S Sandhu, Daniel D Reidpath","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2019.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gheg.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite emerging evidence regarding the reversibility of stunting at older ages, most stunting research continues to focus on children below 5 years of age. We aimed to assess stunting prevalence and examine the sociodemographic distribution of stunting risk among older children and adolescents in a Malaysian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used cross-sectional data on 6759 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years living in Segamat, Malaysia. We compared prevalence estimates for stunting defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) references, using Cohen's <i>κ</i> coefficient. Associations between sociodemographic indices and stunting risk were examined using mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust standard errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The classification of children and adolescents as stunted or normal height differed considerably between the two references (CDC <i>v</i>. WHO; <i>κ</i> for agreement: 0.73), but prevalence of stunting was high regardless of reference (crude prevalence: CDC 29.2%; WHO: 19.1%). Stunting risk was approximately 19% higher among underweight <i>v</i>. normal weight children and adolescents (<i>p</i> = 0.030) and 21% lower among overweight children and adolescents (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and decreased strongly with improved household drinking water sources [risk ratio (RR) for water piped into house: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.30-0.41, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Protective effects were also observed for improved sanitation facilities (RR for flush toilet: 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.88, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Associations were not materially affected in multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings justify a framework for strategies addressing stunting across childhood, and highlight the need for consensus on a single definition of stunting in older children and adolescents to streamline monitoring efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"4 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6415126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37072304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of data accuracies within a comprehensive geospatial-health data surveillance platform: SOMAARTH Demographic Development and Environmental Surveillance Site, Palwal, Haryana, India. 综合地理空间-健康数据监测平台内的数据准确性评估:SOMAARTH人口发展和环境监测站,印度哈里亚纳邦帕尔瓦尔。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2018-12-27 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.17
Natasha J Howard, Shikha Dixit, Hasan Raja Naqvi, Atiqur Rahman, Catherine Paquet, Mark Daniel, Narendra K Arora

Evidence exists of an increasing prevalence of chronic conditions within developed and developing nations, notably for priority population groups. The need for the collection of geospatial data to monitor the health impact of rapid social-environmental and economic changes occurring in these countries is being increasingly recognized. Rigorous accuracy assessment of such geospatial data is required to enable error estimation, and ultimately, data utility for exploring population health. This research outlines findings from a field-based evaluation exercise of the SOMAARTH DDESS geospatial-health platform. Participatory-based mixed methods have been employed within Palwal-India to capture villager perspectives on built infrastructure across 51 villages. This study, conducted in 2013, included an assessment of data element position and attribute accuracy undertaken in six villages, documenting mapping errors and land parcel changes. Descriptive analyses of 5.1% (n = 455) of land parcels highlighted some discrepancies in position (6.4%) and attribute (4.2%) accuracy, and land parcel changes (17.4%). Furthermore, the evaluation led to a refinement of the existing geospatial health platform incorporating ground-truthed reflections from the participatory field exercise. The evaluation of geospatial data accuracies contributes to understandings on global public health surveillance systems, outlining the need to systematically consider assessment of environmental features in relation to lifestyle-related diseases.

有证据表明,在发达国家和发展中国家,特别是在重点人群中,慢性疾病的患病率正在上升。人们日益认识到需要收集地理空间数据,以监测这些国家发生的快速社会环境和经济变化对健康的影响。需要对此类地理空间数据进行严格的准确性评估,以便进行误差估计,并最终使数据能够用于探索人口健康。本研究概述了SOMAARTH dess地理空间卫生平台实地评价工作的结果。基于参与式的混合方法已在帕尔沃尔-印度采用,以捕捉村民对51个村庄的已建成基础设施的看法。这项研究于2013年进行,包括对六个村庄的数据元素位置和属性准确性进行评估,记录了制图错误和地块变化。对5.1% (n = 455)地块的描述性分析突出了位置(6.4%)和属性(4.2%)准确性以及地块变化(17.4%)的差异。此外,评价还改进了现有的地理空间卫生平台,纳入了参与性实地活动的真实反映。对地理空间数据准确性的评估有助于对全球公共卫生监测系统的理解,概述了系统地考虑与生活方式相关疾病相关的环境特征评估的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
Association between early life antibiotic use and childhood overweight and obesity: a narrative review. 生命早期抗生素使用与儿童超重和肥胖之间的关系:一项叙述性综述。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2018-10-24 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.16
Uttara Partap, Sophie H Allcock, Edyth Parker, Deepti Gurdasani, Elizabeth H Young, Manjinder S Sandhu

Background: Recent research implicates antibiotic use as a potential contributor to child obesity risk. In this narrative review, we examine current observational evidence on the relation between antibiotic use in early childhood and subsequent measures of child body mass.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify studies that assessed antibiotic exposure before 3 years of age and subsequent measures of body mass or risk of overweight or obesity in childhood.

Results: We identified 13 studies published before October 2017, based on a total of 6 81 332 individuals, which examined the relation between early life antibiotic exposure and measures of child body mass. Most studies did not appropriately account for confounding by indication for antibiotic use. Overall, we found no consistent and conclusive evidence of associations between early life antibiotic use and later child body mass [minimum overall adjusted odds ratio (aOR) reported: 1.01, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.98-1.04, N = 2 60 556; maximum overall aOR reported: 2.56, 95% CI 1.36-4.79, N = 616], with no clinically meaningful increases in weight reported (maximum increase: 1.50 kg at 15 years of age). Notable methodological differences between studies, including variable measures of association and inclusion of confounders, limited more comprehensive interpretations.

Conclusions: Evidence to date is insufficient to indicate that antibiotic use is an important risk factor for child obesity, or leads to clinically important differences in weight. Further comparable studies using routine clinical data may help clarify this association.

背景:最近的研究表明抗生素的使用是儿童肥胖风险的潜在因素。在这篇叙述性综述中,我们研究了目前关于儿童早期抗生素使用与随后儿童体重测量之间关系的观察证据。方法:我们检索了PubMed, Web of Science和Cochrane Library,以确定评估3岁前抗生素暴露和随后的体重测量或儿童超重或肥胖风险的研究。结果:我们确定了2017年10月之前发表的13项研究,这些研究基于总共681 332名个体,研究了生命早期抗生素暴露与儿童体重测量之间的关系。大多数研究没有适当地解释抗生素使用指征的混淆。总体而言,我们没有发现生命早期抗生素使用与后期儿童体重之间存在一致和确凿的证据[报道的最小总体调整优势比(aOR): 1.01, 95%可信区间(95% CI) 0.98-1.04, N = 2 60 556;报告的最大总体aOR: 2.56, 95% CI 1.36-4.79, N = 616],未报告有临床意义的体重增加(15岁时最大增加:1.50 kg)。研究之间显著的方法差异,包括关联的变量测量和混杂因素的纳入,限制了更全面的解释。结论:迄今为止的证据不足以表明抗生素的使用是儿童肥胖的重要危险因素,或导致临床上重要的体重差异。使用常规临床数据的进一步可比研究可能有助于澄清这种关联。
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引用次数: 6
An upward trajectory of genomic publications from Africa: cautious optimism for a turning tide. 非洲基因组出版物的上升轨迹:对转折点持谨慎乐观态度。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2018-10-08 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.14
Michèle Ramsay
{"title":"An upward trajectory of genomic publications from Africa: cautious optimism for a turning tide.","authors":"Michèle Ramsay","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2018.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2018.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"3 ","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2018.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36614311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Out of the shadows: women in global health leadership. 走出阴影:女性在全球卫生领域的领导地位。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.15
Pascale Allotey
In a call launched on International Women’s Day in 2016, Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics (GHEG) was one of the first peer-reviewed journals to invite submissions that specifically explored the state of and reasons behind the gender imbalance in science and global health leadership [1]. The submissions highlighted the competing responsibilities inherent in gender roles that hindered leadership opportunities for women [2] as well as the extent of injustice, including violence and discrimination that deterred or actively prevented women from seeking or reaching higher levels of seniority [3, 4]. The papers noted the exceptional contributions that women have made in the field [2] and also reviewed a range of best practice examples of how change to achieve gender equality could be catalysed and sustained [4–6]. The intention of the GHEG call, and others like it, was to shed light on the pervasiveness of the gender power dynamics in all aspects of society, including in the scientific community. There is strong evidence to demonstrate that the exclusion of women as research participants, particularly in clinical research, has restricted our understanding of effective care [7, 8]. Furthermore, the lack of sex disaggregation and gender analysis in findings increases the risk of exacerbating inequality [9, 10]. The European Association of Science Editors has recently introduced the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines as a framework to encourage a reversal of this gender blindness. A number of scientific journals and research funding agencies have responded by mandating reporting against the SAGER guidelines for both authors and reviewers of research submissions [11–13]. With a focus on women as current or potential producers of global health knowledge, the GHEG submissions raise two distinct but related issues. The first outlines the more general challenges faced by women in entering and maintaining careers in science and global health; the restrictions in educational opportunities for girls, the expectation of career breaks or dropout in order to prioritise family and care giving roles and the structural and institutional factors that remain unforgiving of these career breaks and flexible work conditions [2]. While these challenges occur across disciplines, science and medicine have particular traditions of male dominance [14]. Evidence of this was epitomised by public comments from Nobel Laureat Tim Hunt about the distraction of having women in laboratories [14]. The lack of women on the research teams, unsurprisingly also translates to lower representation in authorship. There are gendered differences in opportunities to publish, women’s representations in the editorial process and the quality of and reactions to the peer-review process [8, 15]. National Initiatives like the Athena SWAN Charter in the UK and the Science in Australia Gender Equity project (SAGE) and industry-specific ones like the Sex in Science (SiS) programme
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引用次数: 2
The role of fathers in overweight prevention: an analysis of a Caribbean cohort. 父亲在预防超重中的作用:对加勒比队列的分析。
IF 1.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2018-08-28 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2018.12
J A Smith, K D Rocke, S M Charles, S M Chang, A S Wright, S P Walker, E M Taveras, M K Tulloch-Reid

Background: Family-based strategies to reduce the risk of overweight in childhood are needed in the Caribbean.

Aim: To investigate the associations between parental characteristics and risk of overweight and explore possible mechanisms.

Methods: Data from a parenting intervention were analysed. Parental characteristics were obtained by questionnaire at enrolment. At 18 months, 501 infants (82.9% of cohort) had weight and length measured using standardized methods. The association of parents' characteristics with risk of infant overweight was assessed using random-effects logistic regression. Four focus groups among mothers in Jamaica were conducted to explore mechanisms.

Results: Overall, 20.6% of infants were 'at risk of overweight'. Fathers were present in 52% of households. Fathers' presence [OR (95% CI) 0.60 (0.37-0.96)] was associated with reduced risk of overweight independent of socioeconomic status. Mothers reported that fathers encouraged healthier practices.

Conclusion: Fathers may be important agents of change in intervention strategies to prevent childhood overweight.

背景:加勒比地区需要以家庭为基础的战略,以减少儿童时期超重的风险。目的:探讨父母特征与超重风险之间的关系,并探讨可能的机制。方法:对一次父母干预的数据进行分析。入组时通过问卷调查获得父母特征。在18个月时,501名婴儿(占队列的82.9%)使用标准化方法测量体重和身高。采用随机效应logistic回归评估父母特征与婴儿超重风险的关系。在牙买加的母亲中进行了四个焦点小组,以探索机制。结果:总体而言,20.6%的婴儿“有超重风险”。52%的家庭中有父亲。父亲的存在[OR (95% CI) 0.60(0.37-0.96)]与超重风险降低相关,与社会经济地位无关。母亲们报告说,父亲鼓励更健康的生活方式。结论:父亲可能是改变预防儿童超重干预策略的重要因素。
{"title":"The role of fathers in overweight prevention: an analysis of a Caribbean cohort.","authors":"J A Smith,&nbsp;K D Rocke,&nbsp;S M Charles,&nbsp;S M Chang,&nbsp;A S Wright,&nbsp;S P Walker,&nbsp;E M Taveras,&nbsp;M K Tulloch-Reid","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2018.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2018.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family-based strategies to reduce the risk of overweight in childhood are needed in the Caribbean.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the associations between parental characteristics and risk of overweight and explore possible mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a parenting intervention were analysed. Parental characteristics were obtained by questionnaire at enrolment. At 18 months, 501 infants (82.9% of cohort) had weight and length measured using standardized methods. The association of parents' characteristics with risk of infant overweight was assessed using random-effects logistic regression. Four focus groups among mothers in Jamaica were conducted to explore mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 20.6% of infants were 'at risk of overweight'. Fathers were present in 52% of households. Fathers' presence [OR (95% CI) 0.60 (0.37-0.96)] was associated with reduced risk of overweight independent of socioeconomic status. Mothers reported that fathers encouraged healthier practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fathers may be important agents of change in intervention strategies to prevent childhood overweight.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"3 ","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2018.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36531442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics
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