Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1108/ijes-07-2020-0041
Nida Hanifah Nasir, F. Lestari, A. Kadir
PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop and redesign the Mobile Panic Button UI (PB1) application as an emergency notification service, as well as conduct a simulation on the use of the new version of the application.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the operational research design with a theoretical research framework that followed input, process and output. Primary data were collected through observation, measurement and interview while the secondary data were obtained from literature review. The first step of the analysis was input analysis that included problem identification on the existing Panic Button as input, or PB 1 in this study. This was followed by the analysis of the planned second version of the Panic Button (PB2) development, starting from problem identification to trial and error testing and evaluation of the results of the simulation of seven types of emergency events that involved users, emergency response officers and experts.FindingsThe study shows that the first version of PB1, developed in and used since 2017 at Universitas Indonesia, still had several weaknesses, particularly in its inability to provide adequate information. Only 30% of the standards for a mobile emergency application were met by PB1, which affected the performance of emergency responses. This was one of the reasons why the new version of Panic Button UI (PB2) was developed. The new features in PB2 comprise the inclusion of features for collecting information on user's name and mobile phone number, emergency category options, victim information, photo/voice information, description on the nature of the emergency (text), location selection, emergency notification delivery, notification delivery popup and emergency notification delivery to the emergency response team (ERT) officer. The time needed for using the second version of the Panic Button UI mobile application is 20 s faster than the previous one. PB2 can accelerate response time and response action time; improve response accuracy; facilitate the emergency notification process; and facilitate emergency communication.Originality/valueVarious notification alert systems have been developed in many countries. However, there is a lack of information in Indonesia, especially in educational setting. This study is the first study on a notification alert system application applied in the university. Emergency response is critical due to the big impact of disasters. This study will inform the stakeholders or users, particularly those in educational institution on how to implement mobile app–based emergency response notification systems.
{"title":"Android-based Mobile Panic Button UI application design development in responding to emergency situations in Universitas Indonesia (UI)","authors":"Nida Hanifah Nasir, F. Lestari, A. Kadir","doi":"10.1108/ijes-07-2020-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-07-2020-0041","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop and redesign the Mobile Panic Button UI (PB1) application as an emergency notification service, as well as conduct a simulation on the use of the new version of the application.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the operational research design with a theoretical research framework that followed input, process and output. Primary data were collected through observation, measurement and interview while the secondary data were obtained from literature review. The first step of the analysis was input analysis that included problem identification on the existing Panic Button as input, or PB 1 in this study. This was followed by the analysis of the planned second version of the Panic Button (PB2) development, starting from problem identification to trial and error testing and evaluation of the results of the simulation of seven types of emergency events that involved users, emergency response officers and experts.FindingsThe study shows that the first version of PB1, developed in and used since 2017 at Universitas Indonesia, still had several weaknesses, particularly in its inability to provide adequate information. Only 30% of the standards for a mobile emergency application were met by PB1, which affected the performance of emergency responses. This was one of the reasons why the new version of Panic Button UI (PB2) was developed. The new features in PB2 comprise the inclusion of features for collecting information on user's name and mobile phone number, emergency category options, victim information, photo/voice information, description on the nature of the emergency (text), location selection, emergency notification delivery, notification delivery popup and emergency notification delivery to the emergency response team (ERT) officer. The time needed for using the second version of the Panic Button UI mobile application is 20 s faster than the previous one. PB2 can accelerate response time and response action time; improve response accuracy; facilitate the emergency notification process; and facilitate emergency communication.Originality/valueVarious notification alert systems have been developed in many countries. However, there is a lack of information in Indonesia, especially in educational setting. This study is the first study on a notification alert system application applied in the university. Emergency response is critical due to the big impact of disasters. This study will inform the stakeholders or users, particularly those in educational institution on how to implement mobile app–based emergency response notification systems.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0085
Raghad Aldaas, Rosmah Mohamed, Mass Hareeza Ali, N. Ismail
PurposeThe research aimed to study the influence of green human resources management practices (GHRMPs) on green supply chain management (GSCM) and environmental performance while examining how those green practices affect environmental performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigated 314 cases (responses) from the small and medium-sized enterprises belonging to the service sector from an emergent economy (i.e. Oman). The study model was developed based on the theory of resource-based view and the theory of ability, motivation and opportunity. The structural equation modeling was used for hypotheses testing using SmartPLS 3 software.FindingsBased on the findings, green hiring and green training and innovation have a positive and significant effect on GSCM, while both of them have no effect on environmental performance. Further, green performance management and compensation positively influenced the environmental performance but not GSCM. Furthermore, GSCM significantly and positively influenced environmental performance.Originality/valueGHRMPs and GSCM can enhance environmental performance. Organizations should consider this interesting finding if they aim to reduce their negative environmental effect, conserve energy, prevent pollution and recycle garbage. Despite the fact that the present environment-friendly culture is still in its infancy, it adds uniqueness to this research by investigating the phenomenon's importance.
{"title":"Green supply chain management and SMEs environmental performance: green HRM practices as antecedent from service sector of emerging economy","authors":"Raghad Aldaas, Rosmah Mohamed, Mass Hareeza Ali, N. Ismail","doi":"10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0085","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe research aimed to study the influence of green human resources management practices (GHRMPs) on green supply chain management (GSCM) and environmental performance while examining how those green practices affect environmental performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigated 314 cases (responses) from the small and medium-sized enterprises belonging to the service sector from an emergent economy (i.e. Oman). The study model was developed based on the theory of resource-based view and the theory of ability, motivation and opportunity. The structural equation modeling was used for hypotheses testing using SmartPLS 3 software.FindingsBased on the findings, green hiring and green training and innovation have a positive and significant effect on GSCM, while both of them have no effect on environmental performance. Further, green performance management and compensation positively influenced the environmental performance but not GSCM. Furthermore, GSCM significantly and positively influenced environmental performance.Originality/valueGHRMPs and GSCM can enhance environmental performance. Organizations should consider this interesting finding if they aim to reduce their negative environmental effect, conserve energy, prevent pollution and recycle garbage. Despite the fact that the present environment-friendly culture is still in its infancy, it adds uniqueness to this research by investigating the phenomenon's importance.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47826699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.1108/ijes-08-2021-0056
Khalid M Alshahrani, Judith Johnson, D. O'Connor
PurposeThree main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To estimate the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disordered (PTSD) symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (2) To investigate which types of coping strategies were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (3) To explore which sources of social support were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 217 paramedics working in the Saudi Red Crescent Authority from September to December 2019. Participants completed questionnaires measuring PTSD symptoms (the Screen of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; SPTSD), passive and active coping strategies (Brief COPE Scale; BC), and three forms of social support: support from friends, family and organizational support. Associations between coping strategies, social support and PTSD symptoms were investigated using correlational analyses, hierarchical linear regression and binary logistic regression.Findings46% of participants experienced one or more PTSD symptom, 28.6% scored above the cut-off for partial PTSD and 17.5% scored above the cut-off for full PTSD. PTSD symptoms were significantly positively correlated with passive coping and negatively associated with both family and friends support. Passive coping was positively associated with a greater risk of meeting criteria for PTSD.Originality/valueThe current findings suggest that interventions to help reduce PTSD in Saudi paramedics should include strategies to reduce passive coping. Future research is urgently required to help understand the psychological, social and work-related factors that contribute to these high levels of PTSD.
{"title":"Coping strategies and social support are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Saudi paramedics","authors":"Khalid M Alshahrani, Judith Johnson, D. O'Connor","doi":"10.1108/ijes-08-2021-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-08-2021-0056","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThree main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To estimate the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disordered (PTSD) symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (2) To investigate which types of coping strategies were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (3) To explore which sources of social support were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 217 paramedics working in the Saudi Red Crescent Authority from September to December 2019. Participants completed questionnaires measuring PTSD symptoms (the Screen of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; SPTSD), passive and active coping strategies (Brief COPE Scale; BC), and three forms of social support: support from friends, family and organizational support. Associations between coping strategies, social support and PTSD symptoms were investigated using correlational analyses, hierarchical linear regression and binary logistic regression.Findings46% of participants experienced one or more PTSD symptom, 28.6% scored above the cut-off for partial PTSD and 17.5% scored above the cut-off for full PTSD. PTSD symptoms were significantly positively correlated with passive coping and negatively associated with both family and friends support. Passive coping was positively associated with a greater risk of meeting criteria for PTSD.Originality/valueThe current findings suggest that interventions to help reduce PTSD in Saudi paramedics should include strategies to reduce passive coping. Future research is urgently required to help understand the psychological, social and work-related factors that contribute to these high levels of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44553044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0083
Mohamed Elheddad, A. AlFar, Radi Haloub, Neetu Sharma, P. Gomes
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the effects of MNCs measured by the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on the promotion of renewable energy consumption and non-renewable energy in Bangladesh. It is an emergency issue these days and makes some policy suggestions.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, the study sets a time series models to empirically test FDI degrades the environmental quality in Bangladesh, using the parametric (GMM, IV estimations) and non-parametric approaches (quantile regression).FindingsThe main findings drawn from the empirical analysis are as follows. First, the FDI inflows lead to more CO2 emissions in the Bangladeshi economy. In other words, the MNCs promote the usages of non-renewable energy which causes an increase in pollution. Second, the FDI inwards discourage renewable energy consumption and in terms of magnitude, the negative impacts of FDI on renewable energy are higher than the positive effect of FDI on CO2 emissions. This makes the situation worse.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to Bangladesh and explores the total impact of FDI on the environment. For further investigation, it would be better to do a detailed investigation on the FDI-renewable and nonrenewable energy relationship. For instance, one could test which type of FDI promotes green energy consumption and which one is dirtier. So, the sectorial FDI effects on pollution.Originality/valueMost past studies parametric techniques and did not compare the effects of FDI on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, Unlike the previous empirical studies, this paper uses GMM and IV estimations for the parametric approach and quantile regression (QR) as a robustness check. Also, it is the first study that approves the crowding-out effect of non-renewable using the FDI channel.
{"title":"The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable and non-renewable energy in Bangladesh: does the global climate change emergencies required?","authors":"Mohamed Elheddad, A. AlFar, Radi Haloub, Neetu Sharma, P. Gomes","doi":"10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-12-2021-0083","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the effects of MNCs measured by the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on the promotion of renewable energy consumption and non-renewable energy in Bangladesh. It is an emergency issue these days and makes some policy suggestions.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, the study sets a time series models to empirically test FDI degrades the environmental quality in Bangladesh, using the parametric (GMM, IV estimations) and non-parametric approaches (quantile regression).FindingsThe main findings drawn from the empirical analysis are as follows. First, the FDI inflows lead to more CO2 emissions in the Bangladeshi economy. In other words, the MNCs promote the usages of non-renewable energy which causes an increase in pollution. Second, the FDI inwards discourage renewable energy consumption and in terms of magnitude, the negative impacts of FDI on renewable energy are higher than the positive effect of FDI on CO2 emissions. This makes the situation worse.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to Bangladesh and explores the total impact of FDI on the environment. For further investigation, it would be better to do a detailed investigation on the FDI-renewable and nonrenewable energy relationship. For instance, one could test which type of FDI promotes green energy consumption and which one is dirtier. So, the sectorial FDI effects on pollution.Originality/valueMost past studies parametric techniques and did not compare the effects of FDI on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, Unlike the previous empirical studies, this paper uses GMM and IV estimations for the parametric approach and quantile regression (QR) as a robustness check. Also, it is the first study that approves the crowding-out effect of non-renewable using the FDI channel.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0042
David Huntsman, A. Greer, H. Murphy, X. Li
PurposeWhile uncertainty during emergency response operations necessitates adaptive performance, emergency response organizations, such as the fire service, tend to constrain adaptive behaviors due to their highly formalized bureaucratic structures. Structural theories suggest that leaders can empower employees to bypass these constraints.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from four US fire departments, this research tests whether mid-level supervisors can empower firefighters by increasing their ability to improvise during complex emergency response operations, and whether this enhances department adaptive performance. Moderated mediation is also performed to assess whether senior leaders must also be effective, empowering leaders in order to achieve heightened levels of empowerment and subsequent adaptive performance, as many senior leaders in the fire service are criticized for being overly bureaucratic, risk averse, and resistant to change.FindingsThe findings support compensatory effects and show how immediate supervisors are key to overcoming senior leader deficiencies and producing adaptive performance during conditions of high uncertainty and complexity.Originality/valueThe lack of response organizations’ success during complex incidents is often attributed to senior leaders who are risk averse, overly bureaucratic, and resistant to change (Wankhade and Patnaik, 2020). This study is the first to show how empowering leadership can help overcome these constraints to enhance adaptive performance under complex conditions in the fire service.
{"title":"The effects of empowerment at multiple leadership levels in the fire service: a moderated mediation model","authors":"David Huntsman, A. Greer, H. Murphy, X. Li","doi":"10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0042","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeWhile uncertainty during emergency response operations necessitates adaptive performance, emergency response organizations, such as the fire service, tend to constrain adaptive behaviors due to their highly formalized bureaucratic structures. Structural theories suggest that leaders can empower employees to bypass these constraints.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from four US fire departments, this research tests whether mid-level supervisors can empower firefighters by increasing their ability to improvise during complex emergency response operations, and whether this enhances department adaptive performance. Moderated mediation is also performed to assess whether senior leaders must also be effective, empowering leaders in order to achieve heightened levels of empowerment and subsequent adaptive performance, as many senior leaders in the fire service are criticized for being overly bureaucratic, risk averse, and resistant to change.FindingsThe findings support compensatory effects and show how immediate supervisors are key to overcoming senior leader deficiencies and producing adaptive performance during conditions of high uncertainty and complexity.Originality/valueThe lack of response organizations’ success during complex incidents is often attributed to senior leaders who are risk averse, overly bureaucratic, and resistant to change (Wankhade and Patnaik, 2020). This study is the first to show how empowering leadership can help overcome these constraints to enhance adaptive performance under complex conditions in the fire service.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0041
M. Taylor, D. Appleton, J. Fielding, G. Oakford
PurposeThe study examines alcohol and drug related accidental dwelling fire injuries during 2006–2016 in Merseyside in England.Design/methodology/approachThe study carries out an examination of alcohol and drug related fire injuries from 2006 to 2016 in Merseyside, including analysis of injuries by age group, gender, level of deprivation and housing type.FindingsDeprivation was a significant factor in alcohol and drug related fire injuries over the period studied, with 70% of such injuries occurring in areas with the highest level of deprivation. Males appeared roughly twice as likely to be injured in an alcohol and drug related fire incident than females. The majority of those injured were in the age range 35–59.Research limitations/implicationsThere were limitations on the generalizability of the research findings to other fire and rescue services, as Merseyside has some of the highest levels of alcohol consumption and deprivation in UK.Practical implicationsAn understanding of those vulnerable to alcohol and drug related fire risks can support more targeted fire prevention strategies and aid referrals to partner health agencies to help to reduce underlying alcohol and drug misuse issues.Originality/valueThe study provides a detailed analysis of the circumstances associated with alcohol and drug related fire injuries over a ten-year period covered by a UK fire and rescue service, in particular, in terms alcohol and drug related fire injury risk differences between different groups.
{"title":"An exploration of alcohol and drug related fire injuries","authors":"M. Taylor, D. Appleton, J. Fielding, G. Oakford","doi":"10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0041","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe study examines alcohol and drug related accidental dwelling fire injuries during 2006–2016 in Merseyside in England.Design/methodology/approachThe study carries out an examination of alcohol and drug related fire injuries from 2006 to 2016 in Merseyside, including analysis of injuries by age group, gender, level of deprivation and housing type.FindingsDeprivation was a significant factor in alcohol and drug related fire injuries over the period studied, with 70% of such injuries occurring in areas with the highest level of deprivation. Males appeared roughly twice as likely to be injured in an alcohol and drug related fire incident than females. The majority of those injured were in the age range 35–59.Research limitations/implicationsThere were limitations on the generalizability of the research findings to other fire and rescue services, as Merseyside has some of the highest levels of alcohol consumption and deprivation in UK.Practical implicationsAn understanding of those vulnerable to alcohol and drug related fire risks can support more targeted fire prevention strategies and aid referrals to partner health agencies to help to reduce underlying alcohol and drug misuse issues.Originality/valueThe study provides a detailed analysis of the circumstances associated with alcohol and drug related fire injuries over a ten-year period covered by a UK fire and rescue service, in particular, in terms alcohol and drug related fire injury risk differences between different groups.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1108/ijes-06-2021-0039
Toby Keene, K. Pammer, B. Lord, C. Shipp
PurposePrevious research has shown that paramedics form intuitive impressions based on limited “pre-arrival” dispatch information and this subsequently affects their diagnosis. However, this observation has never been experimentally studied.Design/methodology/approachThis was an experimental study of 83 Australian undergraduate paramedics and 65 Australian paramedics with median 14 years' experience (Range: 1–32 years). Participants responded to written vignettes in two parts that aimed to induce an intuitive impression by placing participants under time pressure and with a secondary task, followed by a diagnosis made without distraction or time pressure. The vignettes varied the likelihood of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and measured self-reports of typicality and confidence. Answer fluency, which is the ease with which the answer comes to mind, was also measured.FindingsMore participants exposed to the likely pre-arrival vignette recorded a final diagnosis of ACS, than those exposed to unlikely pre-arrival information (0.85 [95%CI: 0.78, 0.90] vs 0.74 [95%CI: 0.66, 0.81]; p = 0.03). This effect was greater in paramedics with more than 14 years' experience (0.94 [95%CI: 0.78, 0.99] vs 0.67 [95%CI: 0.48, 0.81]; p = 0.01). Answer fluency and confidence were associated with the impression, while the impression and confidence were associated with final diagnosis.Practical implicationsThe authors have experimentally shown that pre-arrival information can affect subsequent diagnosis. The most experienced paramedics were more likely to be affected.Originality/valueThis is the first experimental study of diagnostic decision-making in paramedics and paramedic students.
{"title":"Dispatch information affects diagnosis in paramedics: an experimental study of applied dual-process theory","authors":"Toby Keene, K. Pammer, B. Lord, C. Shipp","doi":"10.1108/ijes-06-2021-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-06-2021-0039","url":null,"abstract":"PurposePrevious research has shown that paramedics form intuitive impressions based on limited “pre-arrival” dispatch information and this subsequently affects their diagnosis. However, this observation has never been experimentally studied.Design/methodology/approachThis was an experimental study of 83 Australian undergraduate paramedics and 65 Australian paramedics with median 14 years' experience (Range: 1–32 years). Participants responded to written vignettes in two parts that aimed to induce an intuitive impression by placing participants under time pressure and with a secondary task, followed by a diagnosis made without distraction or time pressure. The vignettes varied the likelihood of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and measured self-reports of typicality and confidence. Answer fluency, which is the ease with which the answer comes to mind, was also measured.FindingsMore participants exposed to the likely pre-arrival vignette recorded a final diagnosis of ACS, than those exposed to unlikely pre-arrival information (0.85 [95%CI: 0.78, 0.90] vs 0.74 [95%CI: 0.66, 0.81]; p = 0.03). This effect was greater in paramedics with more than 14 years' experience (0.94 [95%CI: 0.78, 0.99] vs 0.67 [95%CI: 0.48, 0.81]; p = 0.01). Answer fluency and confidence were associated with the impression, while the impression and confidence were associated with final diagnosis.Practical implicationsThe authors have experimentally shown that pre-arrival information can affect subsequent diagnosis. The most experienced paramedics were more likely to be affected.Originality/valueThis is the first experimental study of diagnostic decision-making in paramedics and paramedic students.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48697335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1108/ijes-03-2021-0011
Johan Hylander, B. Saveman, U. Björnstig, Lina Gyllencreutz, A. Westman
PurposeMajor incidents in road tunnels remain a collaborative challenge for the emergency services (fire and rescue service, police and ambulance), emergency dispatch centres (EDCs) and infrastructure owners. The aim of this paper is to investigate how collaborative partners to the ambulance services perceive the rescue effort and to identify factors that may influence its efficiency.Design/methodology/approachFocus group and individual interviews were conducted with 19 participants who were infrastructure owners or had operational or tactical responsibilities with the emergency services or EDCs in two regions in Sweden with multiple road tunnels. The collected data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThree main categories described efficiency factors during and after an incident: (1) coordinating the initial information (using a shared terminology), (2) achieving situational awareness (identifying those persons in need) and (3) lessons (not) learnt (lack of joint tactical plans and exercises). The emerging theme was access, assess and evaluate.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that establishing national policies and collaborative forums might yield more efficiently managed rescue efforts in road tunnel incidents in Sweden and other countries with similar organisational structures.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights on interoperability during responses to complex underground incidents.
{"title":"Time-efficiency factors in road tunnel rescue as perceived by Swedish operative personnel – an interview study","authors":"Johan Hylander, B. Saveman, U. Björnstig, Lina Gyllencreutz, A. Westman","doi":"10.1108/ijes-03-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-03-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeMajor incidents in road tunnels remain a collaborative challenge for the emergency services (fire and rescue service, police and ambulance), emergency dispatch centres (EDCs) and infrastructure owners. The aim of this paper is to investigate how collaborative partners to the ambulance services perceive the rescue effort and to identify factors that may influence its efficiency.Design/methodology/approachFocus group and individual interviews were conducted with 19 participants who were infrastructure owners or had operational or tactical responsibilities with the emergency services or EDCs in two regions in Sweden with multiple road tunnels. The collected data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThree main categories described efficiency factors during and after an incident: (1) coordinating the initial information (using a shared terminology), (2) achieving situational awareness (identifying those persons in need) and (3) lessons (not) learnt (lack of joint tactical plans and exercises). The emerging theme was access, assess and evaluate.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that establishing national policies and collaborative forums might yield more efficiently managed rescue efforts in road tunnel incidents in Sweden and other countries with similar organisational structures.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights on interoperability during responses to complex underground incidents.","PeriodicalId":44087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1108/ijes-07-2021-0050
Allyson Oliphant, Cathy Faulds, Samara Bengall, E. Nouvet
PurposeThe study aimed to (1) determine on what bases paramedics in this context have defined themselves as feeling safe or at risk while serving on the front lines and (2) develop recommendations to support paramedics in their critical public health emergency response role.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study consisted of 21 semi-structured interviews with primary care paramedics (PCPs), advanced care paramedics (ACPs) and critical care paramedics (CCPs) with first-hand experience responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario. Qualitative research is best suited to the research objectives of gaining detailed and nuanced understandings of paramedics' experiences during this public health emergency, and identifying in paramedics' accounts what changes to policy and practice might strengthen their sense of safety in future infectious disease outbreaks (Bowling, 2002; Chafe, 2017). Data collection occurred over the course of 3.5 months, from June 2020 until September 2020.FindingsParticipants described several factors that heightened their feeling exposed to risk particular to working on the front lines of the COVID-19 public health response. These factors include stress connected to personal protective equipment (PPE) and equipment access, risks of infection to self and family, communications and feelings of being systematically under-considered. Recommendations from this research include, but are not limited to, ensuring a more equitable distribution of protective equipment to paramedics across unevenly funded services, and recognizing paramedics face unique and additional stressors in public health emergencies.Research limitations/implicationsA key limitation of this study was the relatively small sample, with 50% of potential participants deciding not to engage in an interview. The authors suspect this is likely a result of timing, as this was conducting during significant periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario. The study identifies and begins to shed light on the way in which feelings of compromised safety and specific stressors in a public health emergency context connect to one another and potentially increase risks of burnout for this healthcare provider group. This study's documentation of paramedics feeling uncertainty about their own and their family's safety, combined with feeling occupational pressure, decisional pressure within constrained frameworks of care delivery, a lack of autonomy and a lack of consideration within their healthcare system in general and within its pandemic response in particular, is important in and of itself. These stressors can have serious implications for the ability of paramedics to sustain their integral role in public health emergency response.Practical implicationsA series of pandemic-specific and generalizable recommendations emerged from this research and in collaboration with community-based medical leadership. (1) Consult paramedics on effectiveness of screening questions and equipm
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Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1108/ijes-05-2021-0028
M. Jafari, A. Ebadi, H. Khankeh, S. Maddah, M. Hosseini
PurposeThe uniqueness of the pre-hospital setting and the need for quick decision-making confronts pre-hospital emergency personnel with various moral conflicts that can lead to moral distress (MD) in them. This study aimed to design a valid scale for the assessment of MD in emergency medical service (EMS) staff.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory mixed-method study was conducted among the EMS provider's community. In the qualitative section, data were gathered and analyzed with semi-structured interviews and conventional content analysis, respectively. The initial pool of items was formed and the primary scale was designed. In the quantitative section, a methodological study was carried out to determine the psychometric properties of the scale including qualitative-quantitative face validity, qualitative-quantitative content validity with content validity ratio and index (CVR/CVI), construct validity by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and convergent validity, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha/ Omega McDonald's/ floor and ceiling effect) and stability with intra-class correlation (ICC).FindingsAfter interviews with 14 emergency technicians, the initial scale was designed with 60 items. Of the total items, 17 poor items were dropped during face and qualitative content validity. In the content validity phase, the items with CVR > 0.62, modified Kappa > 0.74 were retained, which eliminated 23 items. EFA was conducted with 20 items and lead to the 5 factors. The floor and ceiling effect for the whole scale was zero. Finally, the reliability of the scale was confirmed (a = 0.83, O = 0.86, ICC = 0.95).Originality/valueThe developed 20-item scale is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of the MD in EMS providers.
院前环境的独特性和快速决策的需要使院前急救人员面临各种道德冲突，这些冲突可能导致他们的道德困境(MD)。摘要本研究旨在设计一套有效的急救医疗服务(EMS)人员医学行为评估量表。设计/方法/方法这项探索性混合方法研究是在EMS供应商社区中进行的。在定性部分，数据的收集和分析分别采用半结构化访谈和传统的内容分析。初步项目池形成，初步尺度设计。在定量部分，通过方法学研究确定了量表的心理测量性质，包括质定量面孔效度、质定量内容效度(内容效度比和指数)、探索性因子分析(EFA)、收敛效度、内部一致性(Cronbach’s alpha/ Omega McDonald’s/ floor and ceiling effect)和稳定性(class - intra correlation)。在采访了14位应急技术人员后，初步设计了60个项目的量表。其中，在面孔效度和质性内容效度中剔除了17个较差的项目。在内容效度阶段，保留了CVR > 0.62、修正Kappa > 0.74的条目，淘汰了23个条目。EFA采用20个项目，共涉及5个因素。整个天平的地板和天花板效应为零。最后，量表的信度得到确认(a = 0.83, O = 0.86, ICC = 0.95)。原创性/价值所开发的20项量表是评估EMS供应商MD的有效和可靠的量表。
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