S. Rahim, D. W. K. Baderan, M. S. Hamidun, A. Hasim, W. E. S. Anwar, M. H. Angio, A. Faqih, M. R. Hariri, S. Sunardi
As an ecosystem, the mangrove ecosystem serves various purposes. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the community structure of the important value index; and (2) evaluate the importance of the mangrove species diversity index in Pulias Bay in Ogodeide District, Tolitoli Regency. The study was conducted in 2021 using a quantitative descriptive methodology and survey method. The number of discovered species will be used to establish the species composition. The structure of the mangrove communities is being evaluated by calculating the relative density (RD) and frequency (FR). The data is tabulated to calculate the Important Value Index (IVI) value according to the Shannon-Wiener formula. There were 18 different species of mangroves discovered, including Rhizophora apiculata, Rh. mucronata, Rh. stylosa, Bruguiera parviflora, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, S. ovata, Avicennia lanata, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Acrostichum aureum, Nypa fruticans, and Pemphis acidula. The Rhizophoraceae family predominated at each observation station, according to the findings of the vegetation analysis. Meanwhile the most rarely found species of mangrove were Acrostichum aureum, Sonneratia casiolaris, and Xylocarpus moluccensis, each with two specimens. The community structure reveals that X. moluccensis has the lowest IVI value of 12.7%, while Rhizophora mucronata has an IVI value of 101.3%. The mangrove Diversity Index (H') has a value of 2.48 and meets the standards for moderate diversity. Physical and chemical parameter measurements often indicate that the four stations or sites where the data was collected have similar conditions. Interestingly, we also found Avicennia lanata, a mangrove species that falls under the Vulnerable category. The collected information can be used to manage the mangrove forest in Pulias Bay in the Ogodeide Sub-District of the Tolitoli Regency and serve as a database for efforts to conserve mangroves and mitigate the effects of global warming.
{"title":"Diversity, distribution and conservation status of mangrove species in Pulias Bay, Indonesia","authors":"S. Rahim, D. W. K. Baderan, M. S. Hamidun, A. Hasim, W. E. S. Anwar, M. H. Angio, A. Faqih, M. R. Hariri, S. Sunardi","doi":"10.15421/012331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012331","url":null,"abstract":"As an ecosystem, the mangrove ecosystem serves various purposes. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the community structure of the important value index; and (2) evaluate the importance of the mangrove species diversity index in Pulias Bay in Ogodeide District, Tolitoli Regency. The study was conducted in 2021 using a quantitative descriptive methodology and survey method. The number of discovered species will be used to establish the species composition. The structure of the mangrove communities is being evaluated by calculating the relative density (RD) and frequency (FR). The data is tabulated to calculate the Important Value Index (IVI) value according to the Shannon-Wiener formula. There were 18 different species of mangroves discovered, including Rhizophora apiculata, Rh. mucronata, Rh. stylosa, Bruguiera parviflora, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, S. ovata, Avicennia lanata, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Acrostichum aureum, Nypa fruticans, and Pemphis acidula. The Rhizophoraceae family predominated at each observation station, according to the findings of the vegetation analysis. Meanwhile the most rarely found species of mangrove were Acrostichum aureum, Sonneratia casiolaris, and Xylocarpus moluccensis, each with two specimens. The community structure reveals that X. moluccensis has the lowest IVI value of 12.7%, while Rhizophora mucronata has an IVI value of 101.3%. The mangrove Diversity Index (H') has a value of 2.48 and meets the standards for moderate diversity. Physical and chemical parameter measurements often indicate that the four stations or sites where the data was collected have similar conditions. Interestingly, we also found Avicennia lanata, a mangrove species that falls under the Vulnerable category. The collected information can be used to manage the mangrove forest in Pulias Bay in the Ogodeide Sub-District of the Tolitoli Regency and serve as a database for efforts to conserve mangroves and mitigate the effects of global warming.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lifestyle and culture of South Pacific Island countries have been long intertwined with oceanic resources. These countries are heavily dependent on tuna resources for their economies and socioeconomic livelihoods. Despite their importance, the mechanisms behind tuna stock trajectory patterns need to be better understood. With changing climatic and environmental conditions, it has become vital to understand the impact of these changes on tuna resources and if possible include them in long-term tuna harvest and management plans. A significant portion of the stock dynamics of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), albacore tuna (Th. alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Th. obesus) in the South Pacific Region may possibly be explained only by the environmental factors of sea surface temperature (SST) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO. The relationship of monthly SST and AMO was investigated with time series stock patterns of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus in the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean for the years 1972 to 2019. Monthly variables that exhibited significant correlation with CPUE variables were used in the Generalised Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model to reproduce the CPUE trajectory of the three tuna species from 1972 to 2019. Results showed that a significant portion of stock dynamics of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus can be explained well by two environmental conditions of SST and AMO. This shows that a large portion of tuna variation in the Eastern and Southern Pacific is related to environmental conditions. Models with single variables are evidence of the significant individual effect of SST and AMO on stock time series of each tuna species. Models with two variables had a better fit in comparison to models with a single variable for all tuna stocks. Possibilities of two significantly different patterns in the trajectory of the three tuna species and environmental conditions used in the models were also observed. The trajectory patterns seemed to change around the 1990s and had significantly different means, indicating possible regime shifts. Environmental conditions play a highly significant role in structuring tuna stock trajectory in the South Pacific and need to be included in tuna management / harvest plans to ensure sustainability of this important resource. The importance of regime shifts should be recognised and further investigated for possible inclusion in tuna sustainability plans due to their influence on long-term tuna trajectory patterns.
{"title":"Role of environmental conditions in structuring the stock trajectory of Thunnus albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus in the South Pacific Region","authors":"A. A. Singh","doi":"10.15421/012326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012326","url":null,"abstract":"The lifestyle and culture of South Pacific Island countries have been long intertwined with oceanic resources. These countries are heavily dependent on tuna resources for their economies and socioeconomic livelihoods. Despite their importance, the mechanisms behind tuna stock trajectory patterns need to be better understood. With changing climatic and environmental conditions, it has become vital to understand the impact of these changes on tuna resources and if possible include them in long-term tuna harvest and management plans. A significant portion of the stock dynamics of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), albacore tuna (Th. alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Th. obesus) in the South Pacific Region may possibly be explained only by the environmental factors of sea surface temperature (SST) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO. The relationship of monthly SST and AMO was investigated with time series stock patterns of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus in the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean for the years 1972 to 2019. Monthly variables that exhibited significant correlation with CPUE variables were used in the Generalised Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model to reproduce the CPUE trajectory of the three tuna species from 1972 to 2019. Results showed that a significant portion of stock dynamics of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus can be explained well by two environmental conditions of SST and AMO. This shows that a large portion of tuna variation in the Eastern and Southern Pacific is related to environmental conditions. Models with single variables are evidence of the significant individual effect of SST and AMO on stock time series of each tuna species. Models with two variables had a better fit in comparison to models with a single variable for all tuna stocks. Possibilities of two significantly different patterns in the trajectory of the three tuna species and environmental conditions used in the models were also observed. The trajectory patterns seemed to change around the 1990s and had significantly different means, indicating possible regime shifts. Environmental conditions play a highly significant role in structuring tuna stock trajectory in the South Pacific and need to be included in tuna management / harvest plans to ensure sustainability of this important resource. The importance of regime shifts should be recognised and further investigated for possible inclusion in tuna sustainability plans due to their influence on long-term tuna trajectory patterns.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90807331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Lovynska, K. Holoborodko, I. Ivanko, S. Sytnyk, O. Zhukov, I. Loza, O. Wiche, H. Heilmeier
The role of tree species as a tool for bioaccumulation of heavy metals is an important current issue within the context of the increase of anthropogenic pressure in urban ecosystems. The article presents the results of research on the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and the processes of their accumulation by native and introduced tree species in green spaces of Dnipro city. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in soil samples and the assimilation component in trees of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides). The ranges of mean concentrations of heavy metals at different study sites within the city’s green infrastructure were as follows (mg/kg): 30.7–185.5 for Zn, 5.7–22.4 for Cu, 9.0–31.3 for Pb, and 0.213–0.598 for Cd. With respect to all four of these metals, the soils of the Metallurgists Square location were characterized by the highest concentrations of the metals, and the Pridneprovsky Park in the area of the outskirts of Dnipro city was characterized by the lowest ones. Compared to soils, the two investigated tree species had a significantly lower content of all studied metals in leaves. The heavy metal accumulations in the leaves of both R. pseudoacacia and A. platanoides were observed in the following decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Regarding the migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system, the concentrations of ecopollutants in the plants were found not to be dependent on their content in the soil environment. The calculated bioaccumulation coefficients of heavy metals for both tree species were < 1. However, the results of heavy metal concentration in leaves of both introduced and native tree species evidenced their special role in heavy metal bioaccumulation. Compared to R. pseudoacacia, such native species as A. platanoides can be considered to be a more “sensitive” bioindicator of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. Planting fast-growing tree species such as R. pseudoacacia and A. platanoides can in a short time be an environmentally appropriate and cost-effective measure to mitigate the unfavourable effects of heavy metals on the environment.
在城市生态系统人为压力增加的背景下，树种作为重金属生物积累工具的作用是当前的一个重要问题。本文介绍了第聂伯罗市绿地土壤重金属污染水平及原生树种和引种树种重金属积累过程的研究结果。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了土壤样品中重金属(Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb)的浓度以及刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)和枫(Acer platanoides)树木的同化成分。城市绿色基础设施内不同研究点土壤重金属平均浓度(mg/kg)为:Zn 30.7 ~ 185.5, Cu 5.7 ~ 22.4, Pb 9.0 ~ 31.3, Cd 0.213 ~ 0.598。四种重金属浓度均以冶金学家广场地区最高，而第聂伯罗城郊区的Pridneprovsky公园最低。与土壤相比，两种树种叶片中所有金属的含量均显著降低。在土壤-植物系统中重金属的迁移过程中，发现植物体内的生态污染物浓度与土壤环境中重金属含量的关系并不密切。两树种重金属生物积累系数均< 1。然而，引种树种和本地树种叶片重金属浓度的测定结果证明了它们在重金属生物积累中的特殊作用。与伪金合欢相比，platanoides等本土物种是重金属环境污染的更“敏感”的生物指标。种植速生树种，如刺槐和白刺槐，可以在短时间内成为一种环境适宜和经济有效的措施，以减轻重金属对环境的不利影响。
{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation by Acer platanoides and Robinia pseudoacacia in an industrial city (Northern Steppe of Ukraine)","authors":"V. Lovynska, K. Holoborodko, I. Ivanko, S. Sytnyk, O. Zhukov, I. Loza, O. Wiche, H. Heilmeier","doi":"10.15421/012327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012327","url":null,"abstract":"The role of tree species as a tool for bioaccumulation of heavy metals is an important current issue within the context of the increase of anthropogenic pressure in urban ecosystems. The article presents the results of research on the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and the processes of their accumulation by native and introduced tree species in green spaces of Dnipro city. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in soil samples and the assimilation component in trees of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides). The ranges of mean concentrations of heavy metals at different study sites within the city’s green infrastructure were as follows (mg/kg): 30.7–185.5 for Zn, 5.7–22.4 for Cu, 9.0–31.3 for Pb, and 0.213–0.598 for Cd. With respect to all four of these metals, the soils of the Metallurgists Square location were characterized by the highest concentrations of the metals, and the Pridneprovsky Park in the area of the outskirts of Dnipro city was characterized by the lowest ones. Compared to soils, the two investigated tree species had a significantly lower content of all studied metals in leaves. The heavy metal accumulations in the leaves of both R. pseudoacacia and A. platanoides were observed in the following decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Regarding the migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system, the concentrations of ecopollutants in the plants were found not to be dependent on their content in the soil environment. The calculated bioaccumulation coefficients of heavy metals for both tree species were < 1. However, the results of heavy metal concentration in leaves of both introduced and native tree species evidenced their special role in heavy metal bioaccumulation. Compared to R. pseudoacacia, such native species as A. platanoides can be considered to be a more “sensitive” bioindicator of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. Planting fast-growing tree species such as R. pseudoacacia and A. platanoides can in a short time be an environmentally appropriate and cost-effective measure to mitigate the unfavourable effects of heavy metals on the environment.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88989041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ettaqy, Y. Kharchaf, K. Benhssaine, A. Zine El Abidine, M. Bouderrah, H. Boukcim, A. Boulli, Y. Abbas
The Azores laurel Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco is a highly esteemed forest species in Morocco due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. However, the natural habitats of this species are increasingly scarce, resulting in its classification as a rare species. This study comprehensively investigates the autoecology, plant communities, and distribution patterns of L. azorica, aiming to discern the crucial ecological factors underpinning its survival and shed light on its conservation status. Field surveys, including floristic relevés and environmental characterization, were conducted to identify the primary plant communities hosting remnants of L. azorica. Fieldwork and ecological analysis reveal five distinct plant communities associated with L. azorica: low elevation thermophilic holm oak woodland, mesophilic mid-altitude holm oak woodland, Quercus faginea, deciduous broadleaf mountain and Cytisus balansae plant communities. The study emphasizes the importance of ecological requirements such as oceanic exposure, rainfall, temperature, and forest mull soils in creating suitable habitats for L. azorica populations. Currently, L. azorica populations in Morocco are represented by small trees, shrubs, or bushes, often exhibiting distorted and damaged structures due to unregulated pruning. Natural regeneration of the species is completely absent. The value chain associated with L. azorica is limited, involving informal harvesters, intermediary herbalist grocers, and final consumers, due to the lack of a legal framework for resource evaluation caused by its severe depletion. To secure the survival of L. azorica in Morocco, it is crucial to address gaps in legislation, intensify conservation efforts, and promote sustainable development practices. Protecting and restoring the natural habitats of the species, along with implementing responsible harvesting practices, are essential steps towards conserving this valuable forest species.
{"title":"Ecological insights and conservation imperatives for Laurus azorica in Morocco","authors":"A. Ettaqy, Y. Kharchaf, K. Benhssaine, A. Zine El Abidine, M. Bouderrah, H. Boukcim, A. Boulli, Y. Abbas","doi":"10.15421/012325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012325","url":null,"abstract":"The Azores laurel Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco is a highly esteemed forest species in Morocco due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. However, the natural habitats of this species are increasingly scarce, resulting in its classification as a rare species. This study comprehensively investigates the autoecology, plant communities, and distribution patterns of L. azorica, aiming to discern the crucial ecological factors underpinning its survival and shed light on its conservation status. Field surveys, including floristic relevés and environmental characterization, were conducted to identify the primary plant communities hosting remnants of L. azorica. Fieldwork and ecological analysis reveal five distinct plant communities associated with L. azorica: low elevation thermophilic holm oak woodland, mesophilic mid-altitude holm oak woodland, Quercus faginea, deciduous broadleaf mountain and Cytisus balansae plant communities. The study emphasizes the importance of ecological requirements such as oceanic exposure, rainfall, temperature, and forest mull soils in creating suitable habitats for L. azorica populations. Currently, L. azorica populations in Morocco are represented by small trees, shrubs, or bushes, often exhibiting distorted and damaged structures due to unregulated pruning. Natural regeneration of the species is completely absent. The value chain associated with L. azorica is limited, involving informal harvesters, intermediary herbalist grocers, and final consumers, due to the lack of a legal framework for resource evaluation caused by its severe depletion. To secure the survival of L. azorica in Morocco, it is crucial to address gaps in legislation, intensify conservation efforts, and promote sustainable development practices. Protecting and restoring the natural habitats of the species, along with implementing responsible harvesting practices, are essential steps towards conserving this valuable forest species.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85025535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kunakh, I. Ivanko, K. Holoborodko, A. Volkova, O. Zhukov
The use of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is still controversial, especially in managed forests, due to its invasive nature. The black locust has been proven effective in reclamation of degraded lands when native species are not an alternative in the face of the climate change and desertification. Therefore, the importance of black locust in European ecosystems remains a matter of debate. Of course, it is an adventitious species originating from another continent. However, the ecological characteristics of the species in its natural range are very useful for ensuring the restoration of vegetation cover in areas that have experienced significant anthropogenic pressure. This species has a large number of important and useful features that make it an important agent in the forestry system and provide significant environmental and economic benefits. The status of black locust as an invasive species, i.e. one that is capable of uncontrolled spread, remains speculative. Such a conclusion requires various studies, including those identifying exact age of the plants based on morphometric parameters. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that plant height and trunk diameter will allow for an accurate assessment of black locust age. The plants of black locust were measured in the zone of spontaneous self-seeding of plants from a planted 60-years-old forest. The plants dispersed towards a fallow land, formed in the corner of an agricultural field. The spreading began 15 to 20 years ago. The plants are mainly propagated by seedlings. An expert estimated the age of the plants visually. The measured trees were cut to obtain cross sections to account for the number of annual rings. A total of 68 trees were examined for morphometric characters. Black locust communities during self-dispersal are represented by individuals of different ages. The spatial pattern of distribution of individuals of different ages can reveal the spatial and temporal dynamics of the formation of spontaneous populations of black locust. For this purpose, it is critical to accurately identify the age of a large sample. Expert estimation of age is fast and fairly accurate, but it depends greatly on the qualifications of the expert and oftentimes plant ages are underestimated, especially in the early stages of population development. Plant height is also a good predictor of plant age, but the model gives poor predictions for plants older than 10 years. The tree height ranged 2.3 to 16.0 meters. The diameter at breast height (DBH) ranged 1.0 to 17.5 cm. The diameter at the root collar (DRC) ranged 1.6 to 21.7 cm. The age of the studied trees, determined by the number of annual rings per transect, ranged 6 to 17 years. The age of the trees according to the expert estimates was 8.2 ± 4.8 years. The expert estimates of age and the age according to the number of annual rings were statistically significantly different. The expert estimates of tree age were linearly related to tree size,
{"title":"Age estimation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) based on morphometric traits","authors":"O. Kunakh, I. Ivanko, K. Holoborodko, A. Volkova, O. Zhukov","doi":"10.15421/012324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012324","url":null,"abstract":"The use of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is still controversial, especially in managed forests, due to its invasive nature. The black locust has been proven effective in reclamation of degraded lands when native species are not an alternative in the face of the climate change and desertification. Therefore, the importance of black locust in European ecosystems remains a matter of debate. Of course, it is an adventitious species originating from another continent. However, the ecological characteristics of the species in its natural range are very useful for ensuring the restoration of vegetation cover in areas that have experienced significant anthropogenic pressure. This species has a large number of important and useful features that make it an important agent in the forestry system and provide significant environmental and economic benefits. The status of black locust as an invasive species, i.e. one that is capable of uncontrolled spread, remains speculative. Such a conclusion requires various studies, including those identifying exact age of the plants based on morphometric parameters. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that plant height and trunk diameter will allow for an accurate assessment of black locust age. The plants of black locust were measured in the zone of spontaneous self-seeding of plants from a planted 60-years-old forest. The plants dispersed towards a fallow land, formed in the corner of an agricultural field. The spreading began 15 to 20 years ago. The plants are mainly propagated by seedlings. An expert estimated the age of the plants visually. The measured trees were cut to obtain cross sections to account for the number of annual rings. A total of 68 trees were examined for morphometric characters. Black locust communities during self-dispersal are represented by individuals of different ages. The spatial pattern of distribution of individuals of different ages can reveal the spatial and temporal dynamics of the formation of spontaneous populations of black locust. For this purpose, it is critical to accurately identify the age of a large sample. Expert estimation of age is fast and fairly accurate, but it depends greatly on the qualifications of the expert and oftentimes plant ages are underestimated, especially in the early stages of population development. Plant height is also a good predictor of plant age, but the model gives poor predictions for plants older than 10 years. The tree height ranged 2.3 to 16.0 meters. The diameter at breast height (DBH) ranged 1.0 to 17.5 cm. The diameter at the root collar (DRC) ranged 1.6 to 21.7 cm. The age of the studied trees, determined by the number of annual rings per transect, ranged 6 to 17 years. The age of the trees according to the expert estimates was 8.2 ± 4.8 years. The expert estimates of age and the age according to the number of annual rings were statistically significantly different. The expert estimates of tree age were linearly related to tree size, ","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80142103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Slobodník, L. Minova, A. Rácz, I. Belčáková, Z. Štefunková
Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) is a Mediterranean shrub or a small tree with the northern limit of its natural range in central Europe. At the same time, it is also a tree species which, due to its considerable tolerance to high temperatures and lack of moisture, as well as some expansive properties, could be expected to increase its range in the coming decades as a result of the changing climate and the associated spontaneous spread. The paper summarizes the results of several years of our research, during which we evaluated the following growth and reproductive characteristics: (1) phenological traits and the length of the growing season, (2) the intensity and evenness of fruiting, and (3) the numbers of individuals and stems according to the height categories. In addition, the species composition of vegetation cover was analysed on the sites with the occurrence of manna ash. Observations were made in two autochthonous populations of manna ash in Southern Slovakia and one allochthonous population in its central region. The onset of spring vegetative and generative phenophases showed a noticeable latitudinal trend during our observations (2015‒2019). In Central Slovakia, flowering and leafing of manna ash occurred on average more than two weeks later than in its southernmost region. The “Central Slovakian” population of manna ash was also characterised by the earliest onset of autumn vegetative phenophases and the lowest total length of the growing season. Despite these trends, flowering and fruiting in this population were relatively regular ‒ in contrast to the other two sites, it was observed every year. In this locality, we also observed the highest total numbers of individuals and stems in all the height categories and the markedly decreased occurrence of competing species. The achieved results point out to the considerable vigour and high reproductive ability of the allochthonous population of manna ash outside its natural range and the natural range of its most important competitors.
{"title":"Analysis of chosen growth and reproductive traits of manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) with regards to its expansive properties","authors":"B. Slobodník, L. Minova, A. Rácz, I. Belčáková, Z. Štefunková","doi":"10.15421/012323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012323","url":null,"abstract":"Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) is a Mediterranean shrub or a small tree with the northern limit of its natural range in central Europe. At the same time, it is also a tree species which, due to its considerable tolerance to high temperatures and lack of moisture, as well as some expansive properties, could be expected to increase its range in the coming decades as a result of the changing climate and the associated spontaneous spread. The paper summarizes the results of several years of our research, during which we evaluated the following growth and reproductive characteristics: (1) phenological traits and the length of the growing season, (2) the intensity and evenness of fruiting, and (3) the numbers of individuals and stems according to the height categories. In addition, the species composition of vegetation cover was analysed on the sites with the occurrence of manna ash. Observations were made in two autochthonous populations of manna ash in Southern Slovakia and one allochthonous population in its central region. The onset of spring vegetative and generative phenophases showed a noticeable latitudinal trend during our observations (2015‒2019). In Central Slovakia, flowering and leafing of manna ash occurred on average more than two weeks later than in its southernmost region. The “Central Slovakian” population of manna ash was also characterised by the earliest onset of autumn vegetative phenophases and the lowest total length of the growing season. Despite these trends, flowering and fruiting in this population were relatively regular ‒ in contrast to the other two sites, it was observed every year. In this locality, we also observed the highest total numbers of individuals and stems in all the height categories and the markedly decreased occurrence of competing species. The achieved results point out to the considerable vigour and high reproductive ability of the allochthonous population of manna ash outside its natural range and the natural range of its most important competitors.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76622248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. H. Rzayev, E. K. Gasimov, A. M. Nasirov, M. I. Seyidbeyli
Nematodes belonging to the Heterakidae family are similar in appearance and their identification causes certain difficulties. For this reason, there is a need to define new taxonomic characteristics. On the other hand, despite the fact that the nematode Heterakis dispar Schrank, 1790, included in the same family, has a wide distribution area, there is little information about the ultrastructure of the parasite. Research on the ultrastructure of the reproductive system of this helminth hase not been conducted. Parasitic worms collected from the caeca of birds were identified, following which, based on the accepted methods of electron microscopy, blocks were prepared, cut, stained, pictures and electrograms were prepared and described. In the present study, the ultrastructural characteristics of the reproductive organs (testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct) of the adult nematode H. dispar, a specific parasite of domestic waterfowl, were studied with the help of light and electron microscopic methods. The obtained results were compared with the structure of other studied species (H. gallinarum Gmelin, 1790 and H. spumosa Schneider, 1866) of the Heterakidae family. Firstly, it was revealed that the reproductive organs of the male nematode H. dispar are located in the pseudocoelomic cavity, which is considered a taxonomic sign of this family. As in other species of the family, the testis, seminal vesicle, and wall of the vas deferens of the male nematode H. dispar consist of a basement membrane and an epithelial layer. In addition to the basement membrane, muscular and epithelial layers, the wall of the ejaculatory duct is also composed of glandular cells in the front part of the duct. It was revealed that, in the lumen of the tubular reproductive organs of the adult male nematode H. dispar, germ-cells turn into spermatogonia in the germinal zone and spermatocytes in the growth zone of the testis, spermatids in the seminal vesicle, incomplete formed spermatozoa in the vas deferens, and fully formed spermatozoa in the ejaculatory duct of the parasite. The spicules of the parasite nematode, which are the secondary sexual organs consist of a thick cuticle on the outside, and hypodermal origin cells and processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) on the inside. Two processes are found on the spicules, which is not observed in other nematodes of the same family.
{"title":"Ultrastructural characteristics of the reproductive organs of adult male helminth Heterakis dispar (Nematoda: Heterakidae)","authors":"F. H. Rzayev, E. K. Gasimov, A. M. Nasirov, M. I. Seyidbeyli","doi":"10.15421/012321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012321","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes belonging to the Heterakidae family are similar in appearance and their identification causes certain difficulties. For this reason, there is a need to define new taxonomic characteristics. On the other hand, despite the fact that the nematode Heterakis dispar Schrank, 1790, included in the same family, has a wide distribution area, there is little information about the ultrastructure of the parasite. Research on the ultrastructure of the reproductive system of this helminth hase not been conducted. Parasitic worms collected from the caeca of birds were identified, following which, based on the accepted methods of electron microscopy, blocks were prepared, cut, stained, pictures and electrograms were prepared and described. In the present study, the ultrastructural characteristics of the reproductive organs (testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct) of the adult nematode H. dispar, a specific parasite of domestic waterfowl, were studied with the help of light and electron microscopic methods. The obtained results were compared with the structure of other studied species (H. gallinarum Gmelin, 1790 and H. spumosa Schneider, 1866) of the Heterakidae family. Firstly, it was revealed that the reproductive organs of the male nematode H. dispar are located in the pseudocoelomic cavity, which is considered a taxonomic sign of this family. As in other species of the family, the testis, seminal vesicle, and wall of the vas deferens of the male nematode H. dispar consist of a basement membrane and an epithelial layer. In addition to the basement membrane, muscular and epithelial layers, the wall of the ejaculatory duct is also composed of glandular cells in the front part of the duct. It was revealed that, in the lumen of the tubular reproductive organs of the adult male nematode H. dispar, germ-cells turn into spermatogonia in the germinal zone and spermatocytes in the growth zone of the testis, spermatids in the seminal vesicle, incomplete formed spermatozoa in the vas deferens, and fully formed spermatozoa in the ejaculatory duct of the parasite. The spicules of the parasite nematode, which are the secondary sexual organs consist of a thick cuticle on the outside, and hypodermal origin cells and processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) on the inside. Two processes are found on the spicules, which is not observed in other nematodes of the same family.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Dubуna, L. Vakarenko, P. Ustymenko, D. Davydov, T. Dziuba, B. Baranovski, L. Karmyzova, A. F. Kulik, A. V. Zhykharieva
Nowadays, the impact of anthropogenic activities on natural vegetation is constantly increasing, the level of threats is raised, and newer risk factors are emerging. Recent trends in the anthropogenic impact on plant communities are extremely pronounced, especially on those listed in the Green Book of Ukraine (GBU). Identifying such trends is required for the further development of strategic and tactical planning for the preservation and restoration of rare grass, shrub, and subshrub steppe, petrophyte and psammophyte plant communities of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine. In addition to well-established threat factors that cause changes in the habitat of plant communities or mechanically affect plants, new specific threats occur. Today, the most important among them in Ukraine are as follows: climate change, military activity, growing population in the industrial cities, population poverty and government corruption, changes in forms of land ownership and the creation of a land market, lack of knowledge and effective policy, including lack of popular scientific information about the status of specific species and plant groupings, inadequate management of protected areas, uncoordinated environmental protection measures, ineffective sanctions, insufficient monitoring of the consumption of natural biological resources. The preservation of rare grass, shrubby and subshrubby communities in the steppe zone of Ukraine should be provided with proper support at the state level. There is a pressing need for a law of Ukraine “On the preservation of the steppes in Ukraine” and this will require mechanisms for its implementation. The issue of developing a strategy for the conservation and balanced use of steppe ecosystems in Ukraine, whose area is one of the largest in Europe, has long been raised. The main goal of the strategy is the actual preservation of steppe communities (most of which are currently rare) ensuring their restoration, minimizing degradation, and stopping biodiversity loss. In order to develop specific actions to eliminate threats or reduce their impact on rare plant groupings, it is required to investigate the causes of threats and assess their level and duration. This is required to preserve the landscape and biotic diversity in the steppe zone of Ukraine.
{"title":"Rare steppe plant communities in Ukraine: Status, threats and their minimization","authors":"D. V. Dubуna, L. Vakarenko, P. Ustymenko, D. Davydov, T. Dziuba, B. Baranovski, L. Karmyzova, A. F. Kulik, A. V. Zhykharieva","doi":"10.15421/012322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012322","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the impact of anthropogenic activities on natural vegetation is constantly increasing, the level of threats is raised, and newer risk factors are emerging. Recent trends in the anthropogenic impact on plant communities are extremely pronounced, especially on those listed in the Green Book of Ukraine (GBU). Identifying such trends is required for the further development of strategic and tactical planning for the preservation and restoration of rare grass, shrub, and subshrub steppe, petrophyte and psammophyte plant communities of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine. In addition to well-established threat factors that cause changes in the habitat of plant communities or mechanically affect plants, new specific threats occur. Today, the most important among them in Ukraine are as follows: climate change, military activity, growing population in the industrial cities, population poverty and government corruption, changes in forms of land ownership and the creation of a land market, lack of knowledge and effective policy, including lack of popular scientific information about the status of specific species and plant groupings, inadequate management of protected areas, uncoordinated environmental protection measures, ineffective sanctions, insufficient monitoring of the consumption of natural biological resources. The preservation of rare grass, shrubby and subshrubby communities in the steppe zone of Ukraine should be provided with proper support at the state level. There is a pressing need for a law of Ukraine “On the preservation of the steppes in Ukraine” and this will require mechanisms for its implementation. The issue of developing a strategy for the conservation and balanced use of steppe ecosystems in Ukraine, whose area is one of the largest in Europe, has long been raised. The main goal of the strategy is the actual preservation of steppe communities (most of which are currently rare) ensuring their restoration, minimizing degradation, and stopping biodiversity loss. In order to develop specific actions to eliminate threats or reduce their impact on rare plant groupings, it is required to investigate the causes of threats and assess their level and duration. This is required to preserve the landscape and biotic diversity in the steppe zone of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88338647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rohach, V. Kuryata, D. Kiriziy, S. Sytnyk, I. H. Grabyk, O. V. Kaitanyuk, M. Tarasyuk, T. Rohach
The application of growth and development regulators on crops in order to optimize their production process is one of the leading tasks of modern plant physiology. Retardants – gibberellin inhibitors are widely used for this purpose. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with EW-250, ССС-750 and 2-СEPA on morphogenesis, leaf apparatus, content of photosynthetic pigments, indices of chlorophyll fluorescence induction, CO2 gas exchange, and residual amounts of drugs in the fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Bobcat hybrid. The field experiment was laid on plots with an area of 33 m2. The treatment of the plants was carried out at the budding stage. Morphometric indices were determined at the stages of flowering and fruit formation. The chlorophylls content was determined in the raw material by the spectrophotometric method. Indices of photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity were determined according to the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction after a half-hour exposure of plants in the dark using a portable single-beam fluorimeter "Floratest". The determination of the residual content of retardants in the fruits was carried out on a Shimadzu GC gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector – GCMS- QP2020 EI. All gibberellin inhibitors reduced linear plant size. The number of leaves on the plants decreased under 2-CEPA treatment, and increased after the application of EW-250. Treatment with 2-CEPA decreased, EW-250 significantly increased, and CCC-750 practically did not change the leaves’ fresh and dry weight. Leaf area and leaf index decreased under 2-CEPA treatment, but practically did not change when EW-250 and ССС-750 were applied. All antigibberellin drugs increased the leaf specific leaf weight and thickened the leaf lamina due to the growth of chlorenchyma cells. At the same time, growth inhibitors increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells and practically did not change the size of spongy parenchyma cells. Retardants increased the chlorophylls content in leaves, while the ethylene producer 2-CEPA did not change this index. The plants’ chlorophyll index after treatment with drugs increased significantly. The whole plant dry weight increased under EW-250 treatment, decreased after 2-CEPA application, and did not change under CCC-750. It was established that the photosynthetic rate increased under the EW-250 treatment, both in the flowering stage and in the stage of fruit formation, while when using 2-CEPA and CCC-750, it occurred only at the stage of fruit formation. The most significant positive changes of PSII photochemical activity indices were observed under the use of EW-250. Under the action of the drug, the maximum and actual quantum efficiency of PSII increased, the linear electron transport accelerated, and the fraction of reaction centers that did not transfer electrons from the primary acceptor QA to QB decreased, at the same time the chlorophyll fluorescence decay coefficient si
{"title":"Effect of antigibberellins on morphogenesis, photosynthetic apparatus, productivity and their residual content in tomato fruits","authors":"V. Rohach, V. Kuryata, D. Kiriziy, S. Sytnyk, I. H. Grabyk, O. V. Kaitanyuk, M. Tarasyuk, T. Rohach","doi":"10.15421/012320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012320","url":null,"abstract":"The application of growth and development regulators on crops in order to optimize their production process is one of the leading tasks of modern plant physiology. Retardants – gibberellin inhibitors are widely used for this purpose. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with EW-250, ССС-750 and 2-СEPA on morphogenesis, leaf apparatus, content of photosynthetic pigments, indices of chlorophyll fluorescence induction, CO2 gas exchange, and residual amounts of drugs in the fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Bobcat hybrid. The field experiment was laid on plots with an area of 33 m2. The treatment of the plants was carried out at the budding stage. Morphometric indices were determined at the stages of flowering and fruit formation. The chlorophylls content was determined in the raw material by the spectrophotometric method. Indices of photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity were determined according to the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction after a half-hour exposure of plants in the dark using a portable single-beam fluorimeter \"Floratest\". The determination of the residual content of retardants in the fruits was carried out on a Shimadzu GC gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector – GCMS- QP2020 EI. All gibberellin inhibitors reduced linear plant size. The number of leaves on the plants decreased under 2-CEPA treatment, and increased after the application of EW-250. Treatment with 2-CEPA decreased, EW-250 significantly increased, and CCC-750 practically did not change the leaves’ fresh and dry weight. Leaf area and leaf index decreased under 2-CEPA treatment, but practically did not change when EW-250 and ССС-750 were applied. All antigibberellin drugs increased the leaf specific leaf weight and thickened the leaf lamina due to the growth of chlorenchyma cells. At the same time, growth inhibitors increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells and practically did not change the size of spongy parenchyma cells. Retardants increased the chlorophylls content in leaves, while the ethylene producer 2-CEPA did not change this index. The plants’ chlorophyll index after treatment with drugs increased significantly. The whole plant dry weight increased under EW-250 treatment, decreased after 2-CEPA application, and did not change under CCC-750. It was established that the photosynthetic rate increased under the EW-250 treatment, both in the flowering stage and in the stage of fruit formation, while when using 2-CEPA and CCC-750, it occurred only at the stage of fruit formation. The most significant positive changes of PSII photochemical activity indices were observed under the use of EW-250. Under the action of the drug, the maximum and actual quantum efficiency of PSII increased, the linear electron transport accelerated, and the fraction of reaction centers that did not transfer electrons from the primary acceptor QA to QB decreased, at the same time the chlorophyll fluorescence decay coefficient si","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81128088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floodplains are centers of species diversity, so floodplain habitats often contain protected areas. However, conservation strategies pay little attention to soils, on which the functional stability of both individual ecosystems and landscape chains as a whole depends. Soil morphology provides structural and functional information about floodplain ecosystems. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil morphology is a cost-effective ecological indicator that can be easily integrated into rapid assessment protocols for floodplain and riverine ecosystem restoration projects. Therefore, the aim of our work was to consider the morphological features of soils of the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve and assess the role of soil diversity as a factor of structural and functional sustainability of ecosystems of the protected area, as well as to identify the significance of geomorphological predictors for differentiation of soil types to create a soil map of the territory. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources reference soil groups were classified using geomorphological predictors. Soil types were able to explain 90% of the variation in elevation occupied by soils. Arenosols occupied a statistically significantly higher position in topography than other soil types. In turn, Eutric Arenosols occupied a higher position (68.91 ± 0.48 m) than Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (63.32 ± 0.54 m). Other soils occupied positions in the topography that were not statistically significantly different in height. Soil types were able to explain 38% of the variation in elevation that the soils occupied. The highest Topography Wetness Index values were found for Fluvisols (12.73 ± 0.23) and Solonetz (13.06 ± 0.28 m). Differences between these soils were not statistically significant. Topography Wetness Index was slightly lower for Cambisols (11.80 ± 0.21) and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (12.21 ± 0.28), which also did not differ on this measure. The lowest Topography Wetness Index value was found for Gleysols (11.15 ± 0.17) and Eutric Arenosols (10.95 ± 0.24), which did not differ from each other on this index. Eutric Arenosols and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols are formed at great depths of the water table (7.89 ± 0.50 and 2.62 ± 0.46 m, respectively). Gleysol and Solonetz form at close groundwater level to the surface (0.28 ± 0.27 and 0.21 ± 0.46 m, respectively) compared to Fluvisol and Cambisol (0.46 ± 0.38 and 0.41 ± 0.35 m, respectively). Elevation was the most informatively valuable predictor, but Topography Wetness Index and Vertical Distance to Channel Network significantly improved discrimination. Arenosols were very different from other soils which occupy an automorphic position. Cambisols occupied a transitional position. Other soils occupied hydromorphic positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz occupied wetter positions, while Gleysol occupied less wet positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz differed in the groundwater table. Solonetz predominantly occurred at close groundwater lev
{"title":"The importance of relief for explaining the diversity of the floodplain and terrace soil cover in the Dnipro River valley: The case of the protected area within the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve","authors":"G. F. Tutova, O. Kunakh, V. Yakovenko, O. Zhukov","doi":"10.15421/012319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/012319","url":null,"abstract":"Floodplains are centers of species diversity, so floodplain habitats often contain protected areas. However, conservation strategies pay little attention to soils, on which the functional stability of both individual ecosystems and landscape chains as a whole depends. Soil morphology provides structural and functional information about floodplain ecosystems. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil morphology is a cost-effective ecological indicator that can be easily integrated into rapid assessment protocols for floodplain and riverine ecosystem restoration projects. Therefore, the aim of our work was to consider the morphological features of soils of the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve and assess the role of soil diversity as a factor of structural and functional sustainability of ecosystems of the protected area, as well as to identify the significance of geomorphological predictors for differentiation of soil types to create a soil map of the territory. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources reference soil groups were classified using geomorphological predictors. Soil types were able to explain 90% of the variation in elevation occupied by soils. Arenosols occupied a statistically significantly higher position in topography than other soil types. In turn, Eutric Arenosols occupied a higher position (68.91 ± 0.48 m) than Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (63.32 ± 0.54 m). Other soils occupied positions in the topography that were not statistically significantly different in height. Soil types were able to explain 38% of the variation in elevation that the soils occupied. The highest Topography Wetness Index values were found for Fluvisols (12.73 ± 0.23) and Solonetz (13.06 ± 0.28 m). Differences between these soils were not statistically significant. Topography Wetness Index was slightly lower for Cambisols (11.80 ± 0.21) and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (12.21 ± 0.28), which also did not differ on this measure. The lowest Topography Wetness Index value was found for Gleysols (11.15 ± 0.17) and Eutric Arenosols (10.95 ± 0.24), which did not differ from each other on this index. Eutric Arenosols and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols are formed at great depths of the water table (7.89 ± 0.50 and 2.62 ± 0.46 m, respectively). Gleysol and Solonetz form at close groundwater level to the surface (0.28 ± 0.27 and 0.21 ± 0.46 m, respectively) compared to Fluvisol and Cambisol (0.46 ± 0.38 and 0.41 ± 0.35 m, respectively). Elevation was the most informatively valuable predictor, but Topography Wetness Index and Vertical Distance to Channel Network significantly improved discrimination. Arenosols were very different from other soils which occupy an automorphic position. Cambisols occupied a transitional position. Other soils occupied hydromorphic positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz occupied wetter positions, while Gleysol occupied less wet positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz differed in the groundwater table. Solonetz predominantly occurred at close groundwater lev","PeriodicalId":44107,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Diversity","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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