Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.107
A. Hendifar, A. Bullock
N ew therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This carcinoma is characterized by a hyaluronan (HA)-rich desmoplastic stroma that raises tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which in turn compresses the vasculature and impedes access of anti-cancer therapies and immune cells to tumor sites. It is this biophysical barrier that is the target for PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20; pegvorhyaluronidase alfa), which degrades HA polymers to tetraand hexa-saccharides to remodel the tumor stroma. In preclinical models, PEGPH20 reduced IFP, and expanded tumor vasculature to improve perfusion, which increased access for innate immune cells, antibodies and therapeutic agents. The results of a phase Ib study have suggested benefits in overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with tumors that accumulate HA (termed HA-High) treated with a combination of gemcitabine and PEGPH20. A phase II study (HALO 109-202) demonstrated that HA could be a potential biomarker for identifying patients who may be most suitable for PEGPH20 treatment. HALO 109-202 showed positive outcomes for PFS especially in HA-High patients treated with PEGPH20 plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study (HALO 109-301) exploring the benefits of PEGPH20 in HA-High patients with PDA is ongoing. Other PEGPH20-based combinations are being investigated in multiple stroma-rich cancers, including lung, gastric, and breast. PEGPH20 is the most advanced therapy targeting the tumor stroma and has the potential to form the therapeutic backbone for the treatment of stroma-rich tumors.
{"title":"Breaking the Barrier—PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (PEGPH20)—A New Therapeutic Approach to the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","authors":"A. Hendifar, A. Bullock","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.107","url":null,"abstract":"N ew therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This carcinoma is characterized by a hyaluronan (HA)-rich desmoplastic stroma that raises tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which in turn compresses the vasculature and impedes access of anti-cancer therapies and immune cells to tumor sites. It is this biophysical barrier that is the target for PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20; pegvorhyaluronidase alfa), which degrades HA polymers to tetraand hexa-saccharides to remodel the tumor stroma. In preclinical models, PEGPH20 reduced IFP, and expanded tumor vasculature to improve perfusion, which increased access for innate immune cells, antibodies and therapeutic agents. The results of a phase Ib study have suggested benefits in overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with tumors that accumulate HA (termed HA-High) treated with a combination of gemcitabine and PEGPH20. A phase II study (HALO 109-202) demonstrated that HA could be a potential biomarker for identifying patients who may be most suitable for PEGPH20 treatment. HALO 109-202 showed positive outcomes for PFS especially in HA-High patients treated with PEGPH20 plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study (HALO 109-301) exploring the benefits of PEGPH20 in HA-High patients with PDA is ongoing. Other PEGPH20-based combinations are being investigated in multiple stroma-rich cancers, including lung, gastric, and breast. PEGPH20 is the most advanced therapy targeting the tumor stroma and has the potential to form the therapeutic backbone for the treatment of stroma-rich tumors.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.01
Ignacio Mendoza, Ilson Sepúlveda, G. Ayres
S ynovial sarcoma (SS) represents about 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It is believed that its origin would be found in cells that are related neither to ultrastructural nor to histological features of the synovial tissue. Head and neck is very rarely affected, with the lower extremities being most frequent. Complete resection with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently considered the best available therapy. This time we present the case of a patient with SS located in the infratemporal fossa, its diagnosis, treatment and evolution. According to our knowledge it is the first reported case in South America.
{"title":"Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma of the Infratemporal Fossa—Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Ignacio Mendoza, Ilson Sepúlveda, G. Ayres","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"S ynovial sarcoma (SS) represents about 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It is believed that its origin would be found in cells that are related neither to ultrastructural nor to histological features of the synovial tissue. Head and neck is very rarely affected, with the lower extremities being most frequent. Complete resection with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently considered the best available therapy. This time we present the case of a patient with SS located in the infratemporal fossa, its diagnosis, treatment and evolution. According to our knowledge it is the first reported case in South America.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.112
A. Koletsky
O ver the past several years a number of novel and diverse agents have provided a significant clinical benefit for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer including abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, and radium-223. The early use of docetaxel or abiraterone at initiation of standard androgen deprivation therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has also led to substantial improvements in overall survival. The identification of a truncating mutation in the androgen receptor (ARV7), a biomarker of resistance, may help clarify a more optimal sequencing of hormonal and chemotherapy-based therapies for patients with metastatic disease. The genomic landscape of both primary and metastatic prostate cancer has been an important focal point of translational research. The most widely studied pathways that affect tumorigenesis are the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and DNA repair pathways. This review will highlight recent clinical trials which have had a major impact on the management of patients with metastatic disease with an emphasis on treatments driven by common genomic aberrations present in advanced prostate cancer.
{"title":"The Changing Therapeutic Landscape in Metastatic Prostate Cancer","authors":"A. Koletsky","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.112","url":null,"abstract":"O ver the past several years a number of novel and diverse agents have provided a significant clinical benefit for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer including abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, and radium-223. The early use of docetaxel or abiraterone at initiation of standard androgen deprivation therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has also led to substantial improvements in overall survival. The identification of a truncating mutation in the androgen receptor (ARV7), a biomarker of resistance, may help clarify a more optimal sequencing of hormonal and chemotherapy-based therapies for patients with metastatic disease. The genomic landscape of both primary and metastatic prostate cancer has been an important focal point of translational research. The most widely studied pathways that affect tumorigenesis are the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and DNA repair pathways. This review will highlight recent clinical trials which have had a major impact on the management of patients with metastatic disease with an emphasis on treatments driven by common genomic aberrations present in advanced prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.15
U. Vaishampayan
{"title":"Recent Developments in the Therapeutic Landscape in Renal Cancer","authors":"U. Vaishampayan","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.19
S. Gill
P ancreatic cancer remains one of our greatest clinical challenges. In the last 5 years we have witnessed the introduction of new agents into our armamentarium, which has fortunately translated into incremental improvements in overall survival. We have level 1 evidence for the use of FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel in the first-line setting; however, the generalizability of randomized studies in the second-line setting has been less compelling. The use of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) post-gemcitabine progression was shown to improve survival in the CONKO-003 trial but failed to do so in the PANCREOX trial. Nano-liposomal irinotecan in combination with 5FU in pre-treated patients yielded an improved survival in the NAPOLI-1 trial, presenting an option in this setting. However, these trials were largely conducted in an era of first-line gemcitabine monotherapy, which is no longer a standard practice. Better evidence with contemporary first-line regimens is needed in order to define the optimal post-progression strategy in advanced pancreatic cancer.
{"title":"Raising the Bar in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer","authors":"S. Gill","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"P ancreatic cancer remains one of our greatest clinical challenges. In the last 5 years we have witnessed the introduction of new agents into our armamentarium, which has fortunately translated into incremental improvements in overall survival. We have level 1 evidence for the use of FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel in the first-line setting; however, the generalizability of randomized studies in the second-line setting has been less compelling. The use of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) post-gemcitabine progression was shown to improve survival in the CONKO-003 trial but failed to do so in the PANCREOX trial. Nano-liposomal irinotecan in combination with 5FU in pre-treated patients yielded an improved survival in the NAPOLI-1 trial, presenting an option in this setting. However, these trials were largely conducted in an era of first-line gemcitabine monotherapy, which is no longer a standard practice. Better evidence with contemporary first-line regimens is needed in order to define the optimal post-progression strategy in advanced pancreatic cancer.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67597107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.21
M. Shaaban, M. Metry, S. Aspinall
I ntroduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and has shown an increase in incidence in recent decades. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay of assessment of thyroid nodules and diagnosis of malignancy. Several reports have suggested that ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC has many advantages over palpation-guided biopsy. Methods: Comparison of results of thyroid nodule FNACs in a low volume thyroid center (Northumbria Health Care NHS Foundation Trust) performed by a diverse group of clinicians and radiologists involved in the management of thyroid nodules over 18 months, between October 2008 and April 2010, identified retrospectively from pathology records, with the results of surgeon-performed US (SUS) -guided FNACs performed by a single operator (SRA) recorded prospectively over 17 months between July 2013 and November 2014. Results: The study included 185 FNA, with 104 FNAC being undertaken between October 2008 and April 2010 compared to 81 FNAC between July 2013 and November 2014. There was a statistically significant reduction of non-diagnostic rates in the second period: 23/81 (28%) versus 51/104 (49%) (Fisher’s exact, p=0.0063), non-neoplastic (Thy2) scores remained comparable: 28/81 (35%) versus 32/104 (31%), there were more Thy3 results: 21/81 (26%) versus 15/104 (14%), while the proportion of neoplastic results in the SUS-FNAC group increased: 8/81 (10%) versus 6/104 (6%). Also, time to diagnostic FNAC was significantly shorter in the SUS-FNAC group: 24.2 ± 4.5 versus 54.9 ± 11.4 days (p=0.01, unpaired t-test). Conclusion: SUS-guided FNAC for thyroid nodules is a safe and simple technique. This study demonstrates that it leads to improved patient care by reducing inadequacy rate and time to diagnosis in a low-volume thyroid center.
甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，近几十年来发病率呈上升趋势。细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)是评估甲状腺结节和诊断恶性肿瘤的主要手段。一些报道表明超声引导下的FNAC比触诊引导下的活检有许多优点。方法:2008年10月至2010年4月期间，在低容量甲状腺中心(Northumbria Health Care NHS Foundation Trust)，参与甲状腺结节管理的不同临床医生和放射科医生在18个月内进行了甲状腺结节FNACs的结果比较，回顾性地从病理记录中确定。在2013年7月至2014年11月的17个月期间，由单个操作员(SRA)进行的外科医生进行的US (SUS)引导的FNACs的结果记录。结果:该研究包括185例FNA，其中104例FNAC在2008年10月至2010年4月期间进行，而2013年7月至2014年11月期间进行了81例FNAC。第二阶段的非诊断率有统计学意义的降低:23/81 (28%)vs 51/104 (49%) (Fisher’s exact, p=0.0063)，非肿瘤性(Thy2)评分保持可比性:28/81 (35%)vs 32/104 (31%)， Thy3结果更多:21/81 (26%)vs 15/104(14%)，而su - fnac组的肿瘤性结果比例增加:8/81 (10%)vs 6/104(6%)。此外，SUS-FNAC组诊断FNAC的时间显著缩短:24.2±4.5天比54.9±11.4天(p=0.01，未配对t检验)。结论:超声引导下FNAC治疗甲状腺结节安全、简便。本研究表明，通过减少低容量甲状腺中心的诊断不足率和诊断时间，可以改善患者护理。
{"title":"Can We Improve Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology Adequacy in a Low-volume Thyroid Center?","authors":"M. Shaaban, M. Metry, S. Aspinall","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"I ntroduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and has shown an increase in incidence in recent decades. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay of assessment of thyroid nodules and diagnosis of malignancy. Several reports have suggested that ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC has many advantages over palpation-guided biopsy. Methods: Comparison of results of thyroid nodule FNACs in a low volume thyroid center (Northumbria Health Care NHS Foundation Trust) performed by a diverse group of clinicians and radiologists involved in the management of thyroid nodules over 18 months, between October 2008 and April 2010, identified retrospectively from pathology records, with the results of surgeon-performed US (SUS) -guided FNACs performed by a single operator (SRA) recorded prospectively over 17 months between July 2013 and November 2014. Results: The study included 185 FNA, with 104 FNAC being undertaken between October 2008 and April 2010 compared to 81 FNAC between July 2013 and November 2014. There was a statistically significant reduction of non-diagnostic rates in the second period: 23/81 (28%) versus 51/104 (49%) (Fisher’s exact, p=0.0063), non-neoplastic (Thy2) scores remained comparable: 28/81 (35%) versus 32/104 (31%), there were more Thy3 results: 21/81 (26%) versus 15/104 (14%), while the proportion of neoplastic results in the SUS-FNAC group increased: 8/81 (10%) versus 6/104 (6%). Also, time to diagnostic FNAC was significantly shorter in the SUS-FNAC group: 24.2 ± 4.5 versus 54.9 ± 11.4 days (p=0.01, unpaired t-test). Conclusion: SUS-guided FNAC for thyroid nodules is a safe and simple technique. This study demonstrates that it leads to improved patient care by reducing inadequacy rate and time to diagnosis in a low-volume thyroid center.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67597189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.117
B. Thomsen, A. Fairchild
Background: Five-year overall survival (OS) for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a dismal 1%. However, approximately 7% have limited or solitary metastases, including to the adrenal gland. Radical treatment of these oligometastases (OM) could increase local control and improve OS. Our objective was to critically analyze data describing aggressive treatment of adrenal OM secondary to NSCLC. Methods: A literature search examining English publications describing surgery or radiotherapy (RT) was performed, supplemented by searching reference lists. Case reports of three or fewer patients, and articles from which NSCLCor adrenal-specific clinical outcomes could not be abstracted, were excluded. Results: Twenty-nine studies met eligibility criteria (521 patients), 26 retrospective. No publications directly compare modalities. Four surgery studies described contemporaneous patients treated with palliative chemotherapy (CH) alone. Reported median OS ranged from 9.5–64 months after adrenalectomy, 8–23 months after RT, and 6–8.5 months after CH. Local failure after surgery was 14%, with response rates after RT 57–75%. Both appear well-tolerated. Conclusions: In patients with an adrenal OM secondary to NSCLC, aggressive treatment should be considered. However, due to the paucity of high quality evidence, it is unclear at present whether this approach alters the natural history of the disease.
{"title":"Adrenal Oligometastases Secondary to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer—What is the Optimal Treatment Approach?","authors":"B. Thomsen, A. Fairchild","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Five-year overall survival (OS) for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a dismal 1%. However, approximately 7% have limited or solitary metastases, including to the adrenal gland. Radical treatment of these oligometastases (OM) could increase local control and improve OS. Our objective was to critically analyze data describing aggressive treatment of adrenal OM secondary to NSCLC. Methods: A literature search examining English publications describing surgery or radiotherapy (RT) was performed, supplemented by searching reference lists. Case reports of three or fewer patients, and articles from which NSCLCor adrenal-specific clinical outcomes could not be abstracted, were excluded. Results: Twenty-nine studies met eligibility criteria (521 patients), 26 retrospective. No publications directly compare modalities. Four surgery studies described contemporaneous patients treated with palliative chemotherapy (CH) alone. Reported median OS ranged from 9.5–64 months after adrenalectomy, 8–23 months after RT, and 6–8.5 months after CH. Local failure after surgery was 14%, with response rates after RT 57–75%. Both appear well-tolerated. Conclusions: In patients with an adrenal OM secondary to NSCLC, aggressive treatment should be considered. However, due to the paucity of high quality evidence, it is unclear at present whether this approach alters the natural history of the disease.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.77
S. Ramalingham
Received: August 30, 2017 Published Online: November 17, 2017 Citation: Oncology & Hematology Review, 13(2):77–8 Corresponding Author: Suresh S Ramalingham, Winship at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30308, US. E: SSRAMAL@emory.edu I n recent years the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed. The emergence of therapies targeting specific genetic alterations, such as epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the transmembrane protein programmed death-1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1), has increased the therapeutic options for patients with NSCLC. In an expert interview, Suresh S Ramalingam discusses recent advances in targeted and immune therapy and considers the role of chemotherapy within this rapidly evolving therapeutic paradigm.
通讯作者:Suresh S Ramalingham, Winship, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30308, US。E: SSRAMAL@emory.edu近年来，非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗前景发生了变化。针对特定基因改变的治疗方法的出现，如表皮生长因子(EGFR)突变，以及针对跨膜蛋白程序性死亡-1 (PD1)及其配体(PDL1)的免疫检查点抑制剂，增加了非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗选择。在一次专家访谈中，Suresh S Ramalingam讨论了靶向和免疫治疗的最新进展，并考虑了化疗在这种快速发展的治疗范式中的作用。
{"title":"Targeted and Immune Therapies in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer—Latest Advances","authors":"S. Ramalingham","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.02.77","url":null,"abstract":"Received: August 30, 2017 Published Online: November 17, 2017 Citation: Oncology & Hematology Review, 13(2):77–8 Corresponding Author: Suresh S Ramalingham, Winship at Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30308, US. E: SSRAMAL@emory.edu I n recent years the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed. The emergence of therapies targeting specific genetic alterations, such as epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the transmembrane protein programmed death-1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1), has increased the therapeutic options for patients with NSCLC. In an expert interview, Suresh S Ramalingam discusses recent advances in targeted and immune therapy and considers the role of chemotherapy within this rapidly evolving therapeutic paradigm.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67596878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.17
L. F. Ambrose, A. Copeland, J. King
Corresponding Author: Jennifer C King, PhD, 1700 K Street NW, Ste 660, Washington, DC 20006, US. E: jking@lungcanceralliance.org Over the past several years, there has been a profound paradigm shift for those at high risk for lung cancer due to the development and release of scientific validation and national guidelines and recommendations for lung cancer screening. The lung cancer community is poised to realize an unprecedented scale and magnitude of benefit from early detection due to five-year survival rates of only 4.3% when lung cancer is diagnosed as metastatic disease versus 55.2% when confined to the primary site. Given the import and potential of this opportunity, there has been a clear need to develop programs and guidance to ensure the safe, responsible, and equitable implementation of lung cancer screening and to bring proper health messages to those at risk. Lung Cancer Alliance (LCA), a national non-profit cancer advocacy organization, recognized this gap and has stepped in to support the adoption of best practices and consumer safety measures, as well as public service messaging about screening risk and benefit.
通讯作者:Jennifer C King, PhD, 1700 K Street NW, st 660, Washington, DC 20006, US。E: jking@lungcanceralliance.org在过去的几年中，由于科学验证和国家肺癌筛查指南和建议的制定和发布，对肺癌高危人群的模式发生了深刻的转变。由于肺癌被诊断为转移性疾病时的5年生存率仅为4.3%，而局限于原发部位时的5年生存率为55.2%，肺癌社区准备从早期检测中实现前所未有的规模和巨大效益。鉴于这一机会的重要性和潜力，显然有必要制定规划和指导，以确保安全、负责和公平地实施肺癌筛查，并向高危人群提供适当的健康信息。肺癌联盟(LCA)是一个全国性的非营利性癌症倡导组织，它认识到这一差距，并已介入支持采用最佳做法和消费者安全措施，以及有关筛查风险和益处的公共服务信息。
{"title":"Decreasing Lung Cancer Mortality through Screening—The Lung Cancer Alliance Experience","authors":"L. F. Ambrose, A. Copeland, J. King","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.17","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Jennifer C King, PhD, 1700 K Street NW, Ste 660, Washington, DC 20006, US. E: jking@lungcanceralliance.org Over the past several years, there has been a profound paradigm shift for those at high risk for lung cancer due to the development and release of scientific validation and national guidelines and recommendations for lung cancer screening. The lung cancer community is poised to realize an unprecedented scale and magnitude of benefit from early detection due to five-year survival rates of only 4.3% when lung cancer is diagnosed as metastatic disease versus 55.2% when confined to the primary site. Given the import and potential of this opportunity, there has been a clear need to develop programs and guidance to ensure the safe, responsible, and equitable implementation of lung cancer screening and to bring proper health messages to those at risk. Lung Cancer Alliance (LCA), a national non-profit cancer advocacy organization, recognized this gap and has stepped in to support the adoption of best practices and consumer safety measures, as well as public service messaging about screening risk and benefit.","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67597054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.59
B. Kuiper, Aline Babikian, W. Delacruz
{"title":"Metastatic Prostate Cancer Manifesting as Cavernous Sinus Syndrome—Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"B. Kuiper, Aline Babikian, W. Delacruz","doi":"10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2017.13.01.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44122,"journal":{"name":"Oral History Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67597200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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