Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.111.0045
Jonathan P Piccini
This paper discusses the entwining of Australian communists, trade unions and indigenous activists: a much-studied topic. However, I approach it from a "transnational" perspective, unearthing intersections between global ideas and local activism through a case study of how the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and trade union bodies under its control or influence sent particular indigenous activists abroad during the 1950s and 1960s. It looks at why the CPA would invest the time and money in these trips, and what indigenous Australians thought they could get out of them. In so doing, it explores the possibilities and limits of this form of globally-centred solidarity, and adds a new dimension to our understanding of international communist and trade union politics.
{"title":"“People Treated Me with Equality”: Indigenous Australians Visiting the Soviet Bloc during the Cold War","authors":"Jonathan P Piccini","doi":"10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.111.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.111.0045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the entwining of Australian communists, trade unions and indigenous activists: a much-studied topic. However, I approach it from a \"transnational\" perspective, unearthing intersections between global ideas and local activism through a case study of how the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and trade union bodies under its control or influence sent particular indigenous activists abroad during the 1950s and 1960s. It looks at why the CPA would invest the time and money in these trips, and what indigenous Australians thought they could get out of them. In so doing, it explores the possibilities and limits of this form of globally-centred solidarity, and adds a new dimension to our understanding of international communist and trade union politics.","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"2016 1","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70735303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0001
S. Parfitt
The rise and fall of an American movement, the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, in the Australian colonies between the 1880s and the 1900s is a neglected chapter in labour history. This unusual movement, at once a fraternal order, trade union, political grouping and co-operative enterprise, became the first truly national organisation of American workers. The Knights also became a global movement with branches in England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, France, Belgium, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. Scholars have explored the parameters of the Order's North American history in great detail. They have not given anywhere near the same level of scrutiny to the Order's history in other parts of the world, however, and this discrepancy is particularly striking when it comes to their branches in Australia. Australian labour historians have never neglected the American ideas, individuals and institutions that helped to shape the early history of the Australian labour movement. Henry George, Edward Bellamy, Laurence Gronlund, Daniel De Leon and the Industrial Workers of the World, amongst others, all have major studies devoted to their activities and influence in Australia. The Australian Knights of Labor, by contrast, have been the subject of only several pages in a small selection of books and articles. This article provides their future historian with the necessary material to fill this gap in the scholarship and mount a proper study of their history. It provides a narrative of their activities in the various Australian colonies, so far as we can ascertain them, and draws attention to the many holes and unclear parts of that narrative. It then provides a series of questions to inform future research into the Australian Knights, compares with them with the histories of Knights in other non-American countries, and connects them to wider fields of historical scholarship, including imperial and global labour history. This article is, in other words, the first sustained study of the Australian Knights of Labor; it also provides the foundation from which a larger study might hopefully come.
19世纪80年代至20世纪初，在澳大利亚殖民地，美国劳工骑士贵族神圣骑士团(Noble and Holy Order of Labor)运动的兴衰是劳工史上被忽视的一章。这一不寻常的运动，立刻成为一个兄弟会、工会、政治团体和合作企业，成为第一个真正的美国工人全国性组织。骑士团也成为一个全球性的运动，在英格兰、威尔士、爱尔兰、苏格兰、法国、比利时、南非、新西兰和澳大利亚都有分支。学者们对骑士团在北美的历史进行了非常详细的研究。然而，他们对骑士团在世界其他地区的历史并没有给予同等程度的审查，这种差异在涉及到他们在澳大利亚的分支机构时尤为明显。澳大利亚劳工历史学家从未忽视美国的思想、个人和制度，它们帮助塑造了澳大利亚劳工运动的早期历史。亨利·乔治、爱德华·贝拉米、劳伦斯·格伦德、丹尼尔·德莱昂和世界产业工人等人都有专门研究他们在澳大利亚的活动和影响的主要研究。相比之下，澳大利亚劳工骑士团(Australian Knights of Labor)只在为数不多的书籍和文章中占据了几页篇幅。这篇文章为他们未来的历史学家提供了必要的材料，以填补这一学术空白，并对他们的历史进行适当的研究。它提供了他们在澳大利亚各个殖民地的活动的叙述，就我们所能确定的而言，并提请注意叙述中的许多漏洞和不清楚的部分。然后，它提供了一系列问题，为未来对澳大利亚骑士的研究提供信息，将他们与其他非美国国家的骑士历史进行比较，并将他们与更广泛的历史学术领域联系起来，包括帝国和全球劳工史。换句话说，这篇文章是对澳大利亚劳动骑士团的第一次持续研究;它也为更大规模的研究提供了基础。
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Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0143
B. Imbun
The functioning of inherited institutions, including those regulating labour markets, in former colonised countries is embedded with their character and history. Yet, there has been surprisingly little academic interest in the changing roles and performance of post-colonial labour market institutions. These institutions can express values - linked to, for example, fairness in decision-making and equitable distribution - strongly held in the colonising country at the time of transplantation. Such values can then shape institutional experience in the colony and post-colonial society. This article examines the establishment and performance, over four decades, of an Australian-styled system for fixing minimum wages established in colonial-era Papua New Guinea (PNG) and centred on the PNG Minimum Wages Board (MWB). The article uses documentary evidence, in-depth interviews and the author's own experience as participant in the important 2000 round of MWB deliberations. In doing so, it highlights how the MWB's composition changed to more fully reflect indigenous circumstances. It also examines how earlier priorities of socio-economic equity amid development, via arguments base on needs, have come under fierce pressures from organised employers' arguments for prioritising capacity to pay at the firm and national level. This reshaped MWB's wage fixing within a largely deregulated bargaining system despite the much more difficult economic circumstances of the lowly paid in this struggling, developing nation.
{"title":"The genesis and performance of an Australian wage-fixing system in Papua New Guinea","authors":"B. Imbun","doi":"10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0143","url":null,"abstract":"The functioning of inherited institutions, including those regulating labour markets, in former colonised countries is embedded with their character and history. Yet, there has been surprisingly little academic interest in the changing roles and performance of post-colonial labour market institutions. These institutions can express values - linked to, for example, fairness in decision-making and equitable distribution - strongly held in the colonising country at the time of transplantation. Such values can then shape institutional experience in the colony and post-colonial society. This article examines the establishment and performance, over four decades, of an Australian-styled system for fixing minimum wages established in colonial-era Papua New Guinea (PNG) and centred on the PNG Minimum Wages Board (MWB). The article uses documentary evidence, in-depth interviews and the author's own experience as participant in the important 2000 round of MWB deliberations. In doing so, it highlights how the MWB's composition changed to more fully reflect indigenous circumstances. It also examines how earlier priorities of socio-economic equity amid development, via arguments base on needs, have come under fierce pressures from organised employers' arguments for prioritising capacity to pay at the firm and national level. This reshaped MWB's wage fixing within a largely deregulated bargaining system despite the much more difficult economic circumstances of the lowly paid in this struggling, developing nation.","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"27 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70735094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0097
M. Leon
Recent studies on the history of circus in Australia draw attention to the practise of recruiting male and female juveniles as trainee performers to augment a circus family or circus troupe. In ora...
{"title":"Adopted Apprentices: Juvenile Recruitment in Australian Circus, 1847–1942","authors":"M. Leon","doi":"10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0097","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies on the history of circus in Australia draw attention to the practise of recruiting male and female juveniles as trainee performers to augment a circus family or circus troupe. In ora...","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"1 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70734807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/labourhistory.110.0207
A. Barnes
Review(s) of: Trade unions in Western Europe: Hard times, hard choices, by Rebecca Gumbrell-McCormick and Richard Hyman, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 242, US $23.00 cloth.
{"title":"Trade unions in Western Europe: Hard times, hard choices [Book Review]","authors":"A. Barnes","doi":"10.5263/labourhistory.110.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.110.0207","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: Trade unions in Western Europe: Hard times, hard choices, by Rebecca Gumbrell-McCormick and Richard Hyman, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 242, US $23.00 cloth.","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"1 1","pages":"207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5263/labourhistory.110.0207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70734662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0035
S. Gregson, M. Quinlan, I. Hampson
In a recent examination of modern-day “worker voice,” Peter Ackers argued that declining membership density should impel trade unions to disavow outdated radicalism, embracing instead more “respons...
{"title":"Professionalism or inter-union solidarity?: Organising licensed aircraft maintenance engineers, 1955-75","authors":"S. Gregson, M. Quinlan, I. Hampson","doi":"10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0035","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent examination of modern-day “worker voice,” Peter Ackers argued that declining membership density should impel trade unions to disavow outdated radicalism, embracing instead more “respons...","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"110 1","pages":"35-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70734633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0125
B. Bowden
{"title":"Denis Murphy, the University of Queensland and Labour History, 1966-83: A reassessment","authors":"B. Bowden","doi":"10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44167,"journal":{"name":"Labour History","volume":"1 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5263/LABOURHISTORY.110.0125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70734863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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