{"title":"From the Vilna Ghetto to Nuremberg: Memoir and Testimony Abraham Sutzkever","authors":"Samuel Kassow","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"91 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers how the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)—the two main African nationalist groups in the rebel British colony of Rhodesia—sought to undermine the White minority government of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) era in Rhodesia by denouncing it in their propaganda as “Nazi,” “fascist,” and “genocidal.” The author argues that ZANU and ZAPU built on ideas already put forth in the international arena. In doing so, they were able to develop the conception of colonialism as a fascist and genocidal system of government. Charges of fascism and genocide, as well as antiracism and anticolonialism, were central to ZANU’s and ZAPU’s political platform and their historical narrative of colonialism. The White population of Rhodesia, however, was proud of their record during the Second World War, and for African nationalists to equate them with the Nazis was to upend a major aspect of their identity. Through a discussion of these issues, this article studies the important role that these concepts played in one of the most significant anticolonial conflicts of the postwar period.
{"title":"Nazism, Fascism, and Genocide as Themes in ZANU and ZAPU Propaganda during the War against Rhodesia, 1965–1980","authors":"Hugh Pattenden","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad060","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers how the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)—the two main African nationalist groups in the rebel British colony of Rhodesia—sought to undermine the White minority government of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) era in Rhodesia by denouncing it in their propaganda as “Nazi,” “fascist,” and “genocidal.” The author argues that ZANU and ZAPU built on ideas already put forth in the international arena. In doing so, they were able to develop the conception of colonialism as a fascist and genocidal system of government. Charges of fascism and genocide, as well as antiracism and anticolonialism, were central to ZANU’s and ZAPU’s political platform and their historical narrative of colonialism. The White population of Rhodesia, however, was proud of their record during the Second World War, and for African nationalists to equate them with the Nazis was to upend a major aspect of their identity. Through a discussion of these issues, this article studies the important role that these concepts played in one of the most significant anticolonial conflicts of the postwar period.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The radicalization of Germany’s antisemitic policies that eventually led to the murder of six million Jews, went on in parallel to the radicalization of its POW policies. And yet, while Soviet Jewish POWs were murdered, and French, Polish, and Yugoslavian Jewish POWs were mostly segregated from their non-Jewish comrades, American and British Jewish POWs were rarely segregated in POW camps. This article suggests that a combination of different reasons during different stages of the war—such as the German fear of reprisals, protests of POWs against the segregations, and self-preservation of the German POW chain of command—helped make American and British Jewish POWs the most protected Jews in Nazi Europe.
{"title":"German Captors, Jewish POWs: Segregation of American and British Jewish POWs in German Captivity in the Second World War","authors":"Yorai Linenberg","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad054","url":null,"abstract":"The radicalization of Germany’s antisemitic policies that eventually led to the murder of six million Jews, went on in parallel to the radicalization of its POW policies. And yet, while Soviet Jewish POWs were murdered, and French, Polish, and Yugoslavian Jewish POWs were mostly segregated from their non-Jewish comrades, American and British Jewish POWs were rarely segregated in POW camps. This article suggests that a combination of different reasons during different stages of the war—such as the German fear of reprisals, protests of POWs against the segregations, and self-preservation of the German POW chain of command—helped make American and British Jewish POWs the most protected Jews in Nazi Europe.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By examining the death marches from Stutthof’s East Prussian subcamps in January 1945 and the following “Palmnicken Massacre,” this article retraces the role of the Wehrmacht in late-war genocidal violence. Scholars have established the complicity of Wehrmacht soldiers in acts of genocide during their stay on the Eastern Front, and documented the racist mindset that underpinned their behavior. Yet no such research exists on the final year of the war. From Summer 1944 until May 1945, the Wehrmacht’s main task was to defend its home soil. Scholarship has thus focused more on the military’s defense of Germany rather than their willingness to support the regime’s genocidal demands. This article argues that many Wehrmacht commanders were fully aware of the genocide perpetrated in their midst during the war’s final months, and when called upon, different Wehrmacht commanders actively assisted the SS in carrying out the regime’s racist mission even at the very end of the war. Finally, the author reveals how the military attempted to conceal these acts of violence throughout the postwar years.
{"title":"The Wehrmacht’s Complicity in Late-War Genocide: The Palmnicken Massacre and the Military in East Prussia, 1944–1945","authors":"Bastiaan Willems","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad056","url":null,"abstract":"By examining the death marches from Stutthof’s East Prussian subcamps in January 1945 and the following “Palmnicken Massacre,” this article retraces the role of the Wehrmacht in late-war genocidal violence. Scholars have established the complicity of Wehrmacht soldiers in acts of genocide during their stay on the Eastern Front, and documented the racist mindset that underpinned their behavior. Yet no such research exists on the final year of the war. From Summer 1944 until May 1945, the Wehrmacht’s main task was to defend its home soil. Scholarship has thus focused more on the military’s defense of Germany rather than their willingness to support the regime’s genocidal demands. This article argues that many Wehrmacht commanders were fully aware of the genocide perpetrated in their midst during the war’s final months, and when called upon, different Wehrmacht commanders actively assisted the SS in carrying out the regime’s racist mission even at the very end of the war. Finally, the author reveals how the military attempted to conceal these acts of violence throughout the postwar years.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research note analyzes Josef Mengele’s experiment on sixty-three victims in Auschwitz suffering from noma, a rare and often fatal disease that results in the erosion of oral facial tissue. The author examines Mengele’s noma experiment, the treatments imposed on the victims, and the retention of specimens from the Nazi era. Through a comprehensive chart, the author includes biographical information on all known victims of the experiment.
{"title":"Identification of Josef Mengele’s Noma Experiment Victims","authors":"Aisling Shalvey","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad062","url":null,"abstract":"This research note analyzes Josef Mengele’s experiment on sixty-three victims in Auschwitz suffering from noma, a rare and often fatal disease that results in the erosion of oral facial tissue. The author examines Mengele’s noma experiment, the treatments imposed on the victims, and the retention of specimens from the Nazi era. Through a comprehensive chart, the author includes biographical information on all known victims of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes how Finnish Jews defined their position during the Second World War when Finland fought against the Soviet Union as a co-belligerent of Nazi Germany. After the Moscow Armistice in September 1944, the Jewish community’s leadership created an official narrative that transformed the community’s travails into a positive experience. They wanted to signal to the Allied forces and Jewish communities worldwide that their rights had not been violated during the war, even though Finland had been de facto allied with Nazi Germany. By doing so, they suppressed knowledge of the treatment of Jewish refugees and their deportations, as well as of their own volatile positions during the war. By inviting Marshal Mannerheim to the Helsinki synagogue in December 1944, the community helped forge Mannerheim into a national hero by honoring him for saving the Finnish Jewish community from the Holocaust. In addition, this article examines how Finnish Jews commemorated Holocaust victims vis-à-vis the commemoration of fallen Jewish soldiers in the transnational Jewish (survivor) community in the immediate postwar years.
{"title":"Making Holocaust Memory in Finland: The Jewish Community and Conflicting Loyalties, 1944–1950s","authors":"Simo Muir","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad031","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how Finnish Jews defined their position during the Second World War when Finland fought against the Soviet Union as a co-belligerent of Nazi Germany. After the Moscow Armistice in September 1944, the Jewish community’s leadership created an official narrative that transformed the community’s travails into a positive experience. They wanted to signal to the Allied forces and Jewish communities worldwide that their rights had not been violated during the war, even though Finland had been de facto allied with Nazi Germany. By doing so, they suppressed knowledge of the treatment of Jewish refugees and their deportations, as well as of their own volatile positions during the war. By inviting Marshal Mannerheim to the Helsinki synagogue in December 1944, the community helped forge Mannerheim into a national hero by honoring him for saving the Finnish Jewish community from the Holocaust. In addition, this article examines how Finnish Jews commemorated Holocaust victims vis-à-vis the commemoration of fallen Jewish soldiers in the transnational Jewish (survivor) community in the immediate postwar years.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No Greater Love: How My Family Survived the Genocide in Rwanda. Tharcisse Seminega","authors":"Caroline D Laurent","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering Histories of Trauma: North American Genocide and the Holocaust in Public Memory. Kerri J. Malloy","authors":"Kerri J Malloy","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":"17 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fighter, Worker, and Family Man: German-Jewish Men and Their Gendered Experiences in Nazi Germany, 1933–1941. Florian Huebel","authors":"Florian Zabransky","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding and Teaching the Holocaust. Laura Hilton","authors":"Manuela Achilles","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcad042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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