Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.09
A. Namoune, R. Taleb, N. Mansour, M. R. Benzidane, A. Boukortt
Introduction. Through-silicon-via (TSV) is one of the most important components of 3D integrated circuits. Similar to two-dimensional circuits, the performance evaluation of 3D circuits depends on both the quality factor and inductance. Therefore, accurate TSV-inductor modeling is required for the design and analysis of 3D integrated circuits. Aim. This work proposes the equivalent circuit model of the TSV-inductor to derive the relations that determine both the quality factor and the inductance by Y-parameters. Methods. The model developed was simulated using MATLAB software, and it was used to evaluate the effect of redistribution lines width, TSV radius, and the number of turns on inductance and quality factor. Additionally, a comparative study was presented between TSV-based inductors and conventional inductors (i.e., spiral and racetrack inductors). Results. These studies show that replacing conventional inductors with TSV-inductors improved the quality factor by 64 % compared to a spiral inductor and 60 % compared to a racetrack inductor. Furthermore, the area of the TSV-inductor was reduced up to 1.2 mm². Using a PSIM simulator, the application of an integrated TSV-inductor in a buck converter was studied, and the simulation gave very good results in 3D integration compared to 2D integration. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated that using a TSV-inductor in a buck converter could increase its efficiency by up to 15 % and 6 % compared to spiral and racetrack inductors, respectively.
{"title":"Integrated through-silicon-via-based inductor design in buck converter for improved efficiency","authors":"A. Namoune, R. Taleb, N. Mansour, M. R. Benzidane, A. Boukortt","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Through-silicon-via (TSV) is one of the most important components of 3D integrated circuits. Similar to two-dimensional circuits, the performance evaluation of 3D circuits depends on both the quality factor and inductance. Therefore, accurate TSV-inductor modeling is required for the design and analysis of 3D integrated circuits. Aim. This work proposes the equivalent circuit model of the TSV-inductor to derive the relations that determine both the quality factor and the inductance by Y-parameters. Methods. The model developed was simulated using MATLAB software, and it was used to evaluate the effect of redistribution lines width, TSV radius, and the number of turns on inductance and quality factor. Additionally, a comparative study was presented between TSV-based inductors and conventional inductors (i.e., spiral and racetrack inductors). Results. These studies show that replacing conventional inductors with TSV-inductors improved the quality factor by 64 % compared to a spiral inductor and 60 % compared to a racetrack inductor. Furthermore, the area of the TSV-inductor was reduced up to 1.2 mm². Using a PSIM simulator, the application of an integrated TSV-inductor in a buck converter was studied, and the simulation gave very good results in 3D integration compared to 2D integration. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated that using a TSV-inductor in a buck converter could increase its efficiency by up to 15 % and 6 % compared to spiral and racetrack inductors, respectively.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.02
B. Larbi, M. Hatti, K. Kouzi, A. Ghadbane
Introduction. The drive electric motor is one of the key components in the traction chain of an electric vehicle. Traditional radial flux motors used in electric vehicles, which use permanent magnets or induction motors in an electric field, are experiencing significant development aimed at optimizing their weight and cost. However, it can only go so far, so switching to a completely different type of machine, such as an axial flow, might be a good alternative. The novelty to this item is an axial flux permanent magnet motorization with non-slotted TORUS-NS rotor (single interior stator with two external rotors North-South) type housed in the wheel of the vehicle; this allows power to pass directly from the motor to the wheel, increasing the efficiency of the motor. System complexity is also less, as the transmission, differentials and driveshaft are eliminated. Purpose is to equip the electric car and choose the motor adapted to the application and the available space. The smaller size and weight allows for a lighter vehicle and more batteries, thus increasing range. The focus on customization is because vehicle performance is so dependent on the quality of the vehicle architecture , battery pack and axial flux motor design. The results obtained are in good agreement of accuracy, in particular the flux density at the air gap. The investigation is carried out by the finite element method. Machine model was run on Maxwell 16.0 business code.
{"title":"Axial flux machine with non-slotted torus-ns rotor type. Design and investigate for electric traction","authors":"B. Larbi, M. Hatti, K. Kouzi, A. Ghadbane","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The drive electric motor is one of the key components in the traction chain of an electric vehicle. Traditional radial flux motors used in electric vehicles, which use permanent magnets or induction motors in an electric field, are experiencing significant development aimed at optimizing their weight and cost. However, it can only go so far, so switching to a completely different type of machine, such as an axial flow, might be a good alternative. The novelty to this item is an axial flux permanent magnet motorization with non-slotted TORUS-NS rotor (single interior stator with two external rotors North-South) type housed in the wheel of the vehicle; this allows power to pass directly from the motor to the wheel, increasing the efficiency of the motor. System complexity is also less, as the transmission, differentials and driveshaft are eliminated. Purpose is to equip the electric car and choose the motor adapted to the application and the available space. The smaller size and weight allows for a lighter vehicle and more batteries, thus increasing range. The focus on customization is because vehicle performance is so dependent on the quality of the vehicle architecture , battery pack and axial flux motor design. The results obtained are in good agreement of accuracy, in particular the flux density at the air gap. The investigation is carried out by the finite element method. Machine model was run on Maxwell 16.0 business code.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.10
E. Parimalasundar, S. Muthukaruppasamy, R. Dharmaprakash, K. Suresh
Introduction. This research paper describes a simple five-level single-phase pulse-width modulated inverter topology for photovoltaic grid applications. Multilevel inverters, as opposed to conventional two-level inverters, include more than two levels of voltage while using multiple power switches and lower-level DC voltage levels as input to produce high power, easier, and less modified oscillating voltage. The H-bridge multilevel inverter seems to have a relatively simple circuit design, needs minimal power switching elements, and provides higher efficiency among various types of topologies for multi-level inverters that are presently accessible. Nevertheless, using more than one DC source for more than three voltage levels and switching and conduction losses, which primarily arise in major power switches, continue to be a barrier. The novelty of the proposed work consists of compact modular inverter configuration to connect a photovoltaic system to the grid with fewer switches. Purpose. The proposed system aims to decrease the number of switches, overall harmonic distortions, and power loss. By producing distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count rises while lowering power losses, the constituted optimizes power quality without the need for passive filters. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with gating pulses and various pulse width modulation technique. Results. With conventional topology, total harmonic distortion, power switches, output voltage, current, power losses, and the number of DC sources are investigated. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely useful for deploying photovoltaic-based stand-alone multilevel inverters in grid applications.
{"title":"Performance investigations of five-level reduced switches count Η-bridge multilevel inverter","authors":"E. Parimalasundar, S. Muthukaruppasamy, R. Dharmaprakash, K. Suresh","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This research paper describes a simple five-level single-phase pulse-width modulated inverter topology for photovoltaic grid applications. Multilevel inverters, as opposed to conventional two-level inverters, include more than two levels of voltage while using multiple power switches and lower-level DC voltage levels as input to produce high power, easier, and less modified oscillating voltage. The H-bridge multilevel inverter seems to have a relatively simple circuit design, needs minimal power switching elements, and provides higher efficiency among various types of topologies for multi-level inverters that are presently accessible. Nevertheless, using more than one DC source for more than three voltage levels and switching and conduction losses, which primarily arise in major power switches, continue to be a barrier. The novelty of the proposed work consists of compact modular inverter configuration to connect a photovoltaic system to the grid with fewer switches. Purpose. The proposed system aims to decrease the number of switches, overall harmonic distortions, and power loss. By producing distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count rises while lowering power losses, the constituted optimizes power quality without the need for passive filters. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with gating pulses and various pulse width modulation technique. Results. With conventional topology, total harmonic distortion, power switches, output voltage, current, power losses, and the number of DC sources are investigated. Practical value. The proposed topology has proven to be extremely useful for deploying photovoltaic-based stand-alone multilevel inverters in grid applications.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.11
V. Y. Romashko, L. M. Batrak, O. O. Abakumova
Introduction. For the efficient use of non-traditional and renewable sources of electrical energy, it is necessary to ensure their operation at the maximum power point, which is possible if the load resistance is equal to the output resistance of the source. To match the load resistance with the output impedance of the source, a matching switching regulator is connected between the source and the load. Very often, the amount of energy received from such sources depends on external conditions. To ensure a uniform supply of electrical energy to the load, a battery operating in buffer mode is connected at the output of the switching regulator. Problem. In this case, the load of the switching regulator is the battery, and the input impedance of the regulator will perform the role of the load of the power source. This resistance depends on the voltage of the battery, the type of switching regulator and its mode of operation. In such cases, the maximum power extraction mode from the source can be provided by selecting the appropriate operating mode of the switching regulator. The aim of the work is to analyze the conditions and determine the modes under which the transfer of the maximum possible amount of electrical energy from the source to the battery is ensured, as well as the features of the switching regulator in these modes. Methods. For this purpose, the regulating characteristics of step-up and step-down switching regulators were determined and analyzed, taking into account the presence of an accumulator at their output. Taking into account that in the maximum power transmission mode, the output resistance of the source and the load resistance are of the same order of magnitude, when determining the regulating characteristics, the internal resistance of the source was taken into account. Results. As a result of the analysis of the obtained regulating characteristics, the conditions were determined under which the transfer of energy from the source to the battery is ensured, and the parameters of the operating mode of the switching regulator were determined, under which the maximum power will be taken from the source of electrical energy. Novelty. The originality of the work is the consideration of the internal resistance of the source of electrical energy in determining the regulating characteristics of pulse regulators. Practical value. The obtained results made it possible to indicate the appropriate range of battery voltages for different types of pulse regulators, as well as to give practical recommendations for choosing the mode of operation of the pulse regulator depending on its type, as well as the amount of voltage on the battery.
{"title":"Features of the work of pulse regulators in the maximum power transmission mode, with the presence of an accumulator at their output","authors":"V. Y. Romashko, L. M. Batrak, O. O. Abakumova","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For the efficient use of non-traditional and renewable sources of electrical energy, it is necessary to ensure their operation at the maximum power point, which is possible if the load resistance is equal to the output resistance of the source. To match the load resistance with the output impedance of the source, a matching switching regulator is connected between the source and the load. Very often, the amount of energy received from such sources depends on external conditions. To ensure a uniform supply of electrical energy to the load, a battery operating in buffer mode is connected at the output of the switching regulator. Problem. In this case, the load of the switching regulator is the battery, and the input impedance of the regulator will perform the role of the load of the power source. This resistance depends on the voltage of the battery, the type of switching regulator and its mode of operation. In such cases, the maximum power extraction mode from the source can be provided by selecting the appropriate operating mode of the switching regulator. The aim of the work is to analyze the conditions and determine the modes under which the transfer of the maximum possible amount of electrical energy from the source to the battery is ensured, as well as the features of the switching regulator in these modes. Methods. For this purpose, the regulating characteristics of step-up and step-down switching regulators were determined and analyzed, taking into account the presence of an accumulator at their output. Taking into account that in the maximum power transmission mode, the output resistance of the source and the load resistance are of the same order of magnitude, when determining the regulating characteristics, the internal resistance of the source was taken into account. Results. As a result of the analysis of the obtained regulating characteristics, the conditions were determined under which the transfer of energy from the source to the battery is ensured, and the parameters of the operating mode of the switching regulator were determined, under which the maximum power will be taken from the source of electrical energy. Novelty. The originality of the work is the consideration of the internal resistance of the source of electrical energy in determining the regulating characteristics of pulse regulators. Practical value. The obtained results made it possible to indicate the appropriate range of battery voltages for different types of pulse regulators, as well as to give practical recommendations for choosing the mode of operation of the pulse regulator depending on its type, as well as the amount of voltage on the battery.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.13
Š. Gans, J. Molnár, D. Kováč
Introduction. Electrical resistivity is an important material characteristic in the field of electrical engineering and material science. There are several methods that can be used to measure resistance, like the 4-wire method which relates the resistance to a voltage drop at a given current flow, but to define the resistivity from the resistance value requires an analytical expression for the given system which requires a sufficient mathematical apparatus for describing complicated shapes. Therefore we use finite element method computations to compute the resistivity of a metal material. This approach has been already used for different materials like concrete and aluminum in the past. We then compare this method with an analytical expression that due to intuition could approximate the solution sufficiently. After that, the same material is used again to test the electrical isotropy of the sample. Novelty. A method is developed by combining the results of experimental studies and the results of mathematical modelling of the process of determining the electrical conductivity of metals. The goal is to describe and employ a method of measuring the electrical resistivity of metal objects of random shapes. Using this method, it is possible to measure the resistivity of materials without the need to manufacture them into wires or ribbons. Methods. The solution to the problem was carried out by the finite element method via the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 simulation program in a cartesian coordinate system and the resistance between two points of the metal sample was measured by the 4-wire method. Results. A similar resistance value was obtained when the measuring terminals were placed in different places. The difference between them was within 1,5 % and the obtained values were close to the values given by the literature for the electrical resistivity of electrical steels. Terminal size influences the measured conductivity and a max error of 5,2 % was estimated. Practical value. A method of estimating the resistivity of materials without the need to manufacture them into specific shapes, like wires or ribbons, for which analytical expressions between resistivity and resistance are easily derived.
{"title":"Estimation of electrical resistivity of conductive materials of random shapes","authors":"Š. Gans, J. Molnár, D. Kováč","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Electrical resistivity is an important material characteristic in the field of electrical engineering and material science. There are several methods that can be used to measure resistance, like the 4-wire method which relates the resistance to a voltage drop at a given current flow, but to define the resistivity from the resistance value requires an analytical expression for the given system which requires a sufficient mathematical apparatus for describing complicated shapes. Therefore we use finite element method computations to compute the resistivity of a metal material. This approach has been already used for different materials like concrete and aluminum in the past. We then compare this method with an analytical expression that due to intuition could approximate the solution sufficiently. After that, the same material is used again to test the electrical isotropy of the sample. Novelty. A method is developed by combining the results of experimental studies and the results of mathematical modelling of the process of determining the electrical conductivity of metals. The goal is to describe and employ a method of measuring the electrical resistivity of metal objects of random shapes. Using this method, it is possible to measure the resistivity of materials without the need to manufacture them into wires or ribbons. Methods. The solution to the problem was carried out by the finite element method via the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 simulation program in a cartesian coordinate system and the resistance between two points of the metal sample was measured by the 4-wire method. Results. A similar resistance value was obtained when the measuring terminals were placed in different places. The difference between them was within 1,5 % and the obtained values were close to the values given by the literature for the electrical resistivity of electrical steels. Terminal size influences the measured conductivity and a max error of 5,2 % was estimated. Practical value. A method of estimating the resistivity of materials without the need to manufacture them into specific shapes, like wires or ribbons, for which analytical expressions between resistivity and resistance are easily derived.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"105 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.01
A. Aib, D. E. Khodja, S. Chakroune, H. Rahali
Introduction. Presently, signal analysis of stator current of induction motor has become a popular technique to assess the health state of asynchronous motor in order to avoid failures. The classical implementations of failure detection algorithms for rotating machines, based on microprogrammed sequential systems such as microprocessors and digital signal processing have shown their limitations in terms of speed and real time constraints, which requires the use of new technologies providing more efficient diagnostics such as application specific integrated circuit or field programmable gate array (FPGA). The purpose of this work is to study the contribution of the implementation of fuzzy logic on FPGA programmable logic circuits in the diagnosis of asynchronous machine failures for a phase unbalance and a missing phase faults cases. Methodology. In this work, we propose hardware architecture on FPGA of a failure detection algorithm for asynchronous machine based on fuzzy logic and motor current signal analysis by taking the RMS signal of stator current as a fault indicator signal. Results. The validation of the proposed architecture was carried out by a co-simulation hardware process between the ML402 boards equipped with a Virtex-4 FPGA circuit of the Xilinx type and Xilinx system generator under MATLAB/Simulink. Originality. The present work combined the performance of fuzzy logic techniques, the simplicity of stator current signal analysis algorithms and the execution power of ML402 FPGA board, for the fault diagnosis of induction machine achieving the best ratios speed/performance and simplicity/performance. Practical value. The emergence of this method has improved the performance of fault detection for asynchronous machine, especially in terms of hardware resource consumption, real-time online detection and speed of detection.
{"title":"Fuzzy current analysis-based fault diagnostic of induction motor using hardware co-simulation with field programmable gate array","authors":"A. Aib, D. E. Khodja, S. Chakroune, H. Rahali","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Presently, signal analysis of stator current of induction motor has become a popular technique to assess the health state of asynchronous motor in order to avoid failures. The classical implementations of failure detection algorithms for rotating machines, based on microprogrammed sequential systems such as microprocessors and digital signal processing have shown their limitations in terms of speed and real time constraints, which requires the use of new technologies providing more efficient diagnostics such as application specific integrated circuit or field programmable gate array (FPGA). The purpose of this work is to study the contribution of the implementation of fuzzy logic on FPGA programmable logic circuits in the diagnosis of asynchronous machine failures for a phase unbalance and a missing phase faults cases. Methodology. In this work, we propose hardware architecture on FPGA of a failure detection algorithm for asynchronous machine based on fuzzy logic and motor current signal analysis by taking the RMS signal of stator current as a fault indicator signal. Results. The validation of the proposed architecture was carried out by a co-simulation hardware process between the ML402 boards equipped with a Virtex-4 FPGA circuit of the Xilinx type and Xilinx system generator under MATLAB/Simulink. Originality. The present work combined the performance of fuzzy logic techniques, the simplicity of stator current signal analysis algorithms and the execution power of ML402 FPGA board, for the fault diagnosis of induction machine achieving the best ratios speed/performance and simplicity/performance. Practical value. The emergence of this method has improved the performance of fault detection for asynchronous machine, especially in terms of hardware resource consumption, real-time online detection and speed of detection.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.06
A. Abdellah, M. Larbi, D. Toumi
Introduction. Recently, the number of high and medium voltage applications has increased dramatically. The connection between these different applications requires series-parallel combinations of power semiconductors. Multilevel converter topologies provide major advantages to these applications. In this paper, a grid-connected photovoltaic system with a hybrid energy storage system using a five-level neutral point clamped inverter is studied. Although the multilevel inverter has many advantages over the two-level inverter, it has a high probability of experiencing an open circuit fault. In this context, the five-level inverter has 24 controllable switches, one of which may experience an open circuit fault at any time. Therefore, it plays an important part in the reliability and robustness of the whole system. The novelty of this paper presents an approach to accurately detect the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors of a five-level neutral point clamped inverter in a photovoltaic power generation application with a hybrid energy storage system. Purpose. Before using fault-tolerant control to ensure service continuity, fault diagnosis techniques must first be used, which are the crucial phase of reliability. Methods. A detection method based on the maximum and minimum error values is proposed. These errors are calculated using the expected and measured line-to-line pole voltages. Results. The open circuit fault detection method is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results showed the accuracy of detecting the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors in a short time. Moreover, this method is adaptable to several applications and is also robust to transient regimes imposed by solar irradiation and load variations.
{"title":"Open circuit fault diagnosis for a five-level neutral point clamped inverter in a grid-connected photovoltaic system with hybrid energy storage system","authors":"A. Abdellah, M. Larbi, D. Toumi","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Recently, the number of high and medium voltage applications has increased dramatically. The connection between these different applications requires series-parallel combinations of power semiconductors. Multilevel converter topologies provide major advantages to these applications. In this paper, a grid-connected photovoltaic system with a hybrid energy storage system using a five-level neutral point clamped inverter is studied. Although the multilevel inverter has many advantages over the two-level inverter, it has a high probability of experiencing an open circuit fault. In this context, the five-level inverter has 24 controllable switches, one of which may experience an open circuit fault at any time. Therefore, it plays an important part in the reliability and robustness of the whole system. The novelty of this paper presents an approach to accurately detect the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors of a five-level neutral point clamped inverter in a photovoltaic power generation application with a hybrid energy storage system. Purpose. Before using fault-tolerant control to ensure service continuity, fault diagnosis techniques must first be used, which are the crucial phase of reliability. Methods. A detection method based on the maximum and minimum error values is proposed. These errors are calculated using the expected and measured line-to-line pole voltages. Results. The open circuit fault detection method is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results showed the accuracy of detecting the open circuit fault in all insulated gate bipolar transistors in a short time. Moreover, this method is adaptable to several applications and is also robust to transient regimes imposed by solar irradiation and load variations.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"46 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.07
O. I. Khrysto
Introduction. The main feature of the semiconductor magnetic pulse generators (SMPGs) is a slow accumulation of energy in the primary capacitor and its rapid introduction into the load by using a series of sequentially connected magnetic compression stages. Initially, these devices were mainly used for pumping gas lasers, but over the last decade SMPGs have been increasingly used in electric discharge technologies for water purification and air ionization to remove toxic impurities. At the same time, along with the practice of using these devices, development has also been achieved in the principles of their design and methods of mathematical modeling. Problem. The main drawback of the existing theory of SMPG’s stationary oscillations mode is an adoption of the saturable reactor (SR) model in approximation of the static magnetization curve of its core, as well as unidirectional nature of the energy transfer from the generator to the load. In most publication the exchange processes between the power source and SR are still not covered. Goal. Study of electrical and energy characteristics of low-voltage single-stage SMPG devices with series and parallel conversion stages in the charging circuit. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, this work uses comprehensive approach relayed on technical tools of setting up the experiment, numerical methods for processing measurement results, as well as an analytical method for describing electromagnetic processes in single-stage SMPG circuits. Results. The closed current-voltage characteristics of the SR are obtained, according to which the numerical calculations of the integral magnetic and energy characteristics of the proposed models are carried out. The features of the longitudinal capacitance charging process in a SMPG’s circuit with a parallel conversion stage, which occurs simultaneously in two adjacent circuits, are explained. Analytical expressions to describe the dynamics of magnetic flux density in the SR’s core as a time-depended function are derived. Based on the obtained hysteresis curve of the core, the exchange processes of energy transfer between the power source and the SR are explained. Practical value. The results of the research can be applied in the development of low-voltage SMPG circuits with improved energy-dynamic parameters.
{"title":"Current-voltage characteristics of single-stage semiconductor magnetic pulse generators with a distinctive structure of the conversion link in the input circuit","authors":"O. I. Khrysto","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main feature of the semiconductor magnetic pulse generators (SMPGs) is a slow accumulation of energy in the primary capacitor and its rapid introduction into the load by using a series of sequentially connected magnetic compression stages. Initially, these devices were mainly used for pumping gas lasers, but over the last decade SMPGs have been increasingly used in electric discharge technologies for water purification and air ionization to remove toxic impurities. At the same time, along with the practice of using these devices, development has also been achieved in the principles of their design and methods of mathematical modeling. Problem. The main drawback of the existing theory of SMPG’s stationary oscillations mode is an adoption of the saturable reactor (SR) model in approximation of the static magnetization curve of its core, as well as unidirectional nature of the energy transfer from the generator to the load. In most publication the exchange processes between the power source and SR are still not covered. Goal. Study of electrical and energy characteristics of low-voltage single-stage SMPG devices with series and parallel conversion stages in the charging circuit. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, this work uses comprehensive approach relayed on technical tools of setting up the experiment, numerical methods for processing measurement results, as well as an analytical method for describing electromagnetic processes in single-stage SMPG circuits. Results. The closed current-voltage characteristics of the SR are obtained, according to which the numerical calculations of the integral magnetic and energy characteristics of the proposed models are carried out. The features of the longitudinal capacitance charging process in a SMPG’s circuit with a parallel conversion stage, which occurs simultaneously in two adjacent circuits, are explained. Analytical expressions to describe the dynamics of magnetic flux density in the SR’s core as a time-depended function are derived. Based on the obtained hysteresis curve of the core, the exchange processes of energy transfer between the power source and the SR are explained. Practical value. The results of the research can be applied in the development of low-voltage SMPG circuits with improved energy-dynamic parameters.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.04
V. V. Rymsha, I. N. Radimov, M. V. Gulyy, I. P. Babych, A. A. Kalinichenko, N. P. Demenko
Purpose. Presentation of the results of modeling and practical implementation of a magnetoelectric converter for hydraulics and pneumatics systems of the aerospace industry. Methodology. Calculations of three-dimensional magnetic fields are carried out with the Finite Element Method by JMAG program. The solution of the differential equations connecting the input voltage, current, magnetic flux and torque is performed by numerical integration. Results. As a result of calculations, the converter configuration was obtained. Tests of the prototype model of the converter confirmed the principle workability of the adopted design and design solutions in its development. Practical value. Tests of the converter prototype sample confirmed the fundamental performance of the adopted design and constructive solutions.
{"title":"Modeling and research of a magnetoelectric converter for hydro and pneumo actuators","authors":"V. V. Rymsha, I. N. Radimov, M. V. Gulyy, I. P. Babych, A. A. Kalinichenko, N. P. Demenko","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Presentation of the results of modeling and practical implementation of a magnetoelectric converter for hydraulics and pneumatics systems of the aerospace industry. Methodology. Calculations of three-dimensional magnetic fields are carried out with the Finite Element Method by JMAG program. The solution of the differential equations connecting the input voltage, current, magnetic flux and torque is performed by numerical integration. Results. As a result of calculations, the converter configuration was obtained. Tests of the prototype model of the converter confirmed the principle workability of the adopted design and design solutions in its development. Practical value. Tests of the converter prototype sample confirmed the fundamental performance of the adopted design and constructive solutions.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.14
A. V. Krasnozhon, A. O. Kvytsynskyi, R. O. Buinyi, I. V. Dihtyaruk, O. V. Krasnozhon
Introduction. The problem of estimating power losses in grounding wires with built-in fiber optic cable for overhead power lines of voltage class 330-750 kV is relevant, while it is obvious that the amount of losses depends on the chosen brand of wire. Problem. In the article, an analysis of the influence of the parameters of grounding wires on the amount of losses that occur in them in the normal mode of operation of the overhead power lines is carried out. Goal. The purpose of the work is to determine the criterion for the selection of grounding wires with a built-in optical fiber cable under the condition of increasing the energy efficiency of electricity transmission. Methodology. To calculate power losses in grounding wires, the methods of electromagnetic field theory were used, while taking into account the location of phase conductors on various types of towers of operating 330-750 kV overhead power lines and the possible current load of such lines. Results. The paper analyzed the dependence of losses in the grounding wires of the overhead power lines on the ratio of its active and reactive resistances, determined in which range of this ratio the losses will be close to the maximum. It is shown that the amount of specific power losses in the grounding wires of 330-750 kV overhead power lines in its normal operating modes can range from 1.6 kW/km for the 750 kV lines to hundreds of W/km for the 330 kV power lines. Originality. For the first time, it is recommended to use grounding wires with built-in fiber optic cable with running active resistance in the range of no more than 0.25 Ohm/km, which will minimize power losses and increase the energy efficiency of the 330-750 kV overhead power lines. Practical value. The obtained results can be applied at the stage of designing new or modernizing existing overhead power lines in order to reduce losses and increase the energy efficiency of lines.
{"title":"Study of the influence of the parameters of modern grounding wires on the value of power losses in them for overhead power lines of 330-750 kV","authors":"A. V. Krasnozhon, A. O. Kvytsynskyi, R. O. Buinyi, I. V. Dihtyaruk, O. V. Krasnozhon","doi":"10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of estimating power losses in grounding wires with built-in fiber optic cable for overhead power lines of voltage class 330-750 kV is relevant, while it is obvious that the amount of losses depends on the chosen brand of wire. Problem. In the article, an analysis of the influence of the parameters of grounding wires on the amount of losses that occur in them in the normal mode of operation of the overhead power lines is carried out. Goal. The purpose of the work is to determine the criterion for the selection of grounding wires with a built-in optical fiber cable under the condition of increasing the energy efficiency of electricity transmission. Methodology. To calculate power losses in grounding wires, the methods of electromagnetic field theory were used, while taking into account the location of phase conductors on various types of towers of operating 330-750 kV overhead power lines and the possible current load of such lines. Results. The paper analyzed the dependence of losses in the grounding wires of the overhead power lines on the ratio of its active and reactive resistances, determined in which range of this ratio the losses will be close to the maximum. It is shown that the amount of specific power losses in the grounding wires of 330-750 kV overhead power lines in its normal operating modes can range from 1.6 kW/km for the 750 kV lines to hundreds of W/km for the 330 kV power lines. Originality. For the first time, it is recommended to use grounding wires with built-in fiber optic cable with running active resistance in the range of no more than 0.25 Ohm/km, which will minimize power losses and increase the energy efficiency of the 330-750 kV overhead power lines. Practical value. The obtained results can be applied at the stage of designing new or modernizing existing overhead power lines in order to reduce losses and increase the energy efficiency of lines.","PeriodicalId":44198,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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