Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368646
Yan-xin Li, Yun Li, Li-hua Shi, Shi Qiu
At the time of sounding of static electric field, measuring devices can not be rested on the ground, which are suspended in the air. To study the relationship between corona current and electric field in the air, current detection unit with probe suspended in the vertical electric field has been tested in the laboratory. The experimental results show that probes suspended in a vertical electric field can still generate corona discharge and the waveform of corona impulse current is double exponential wave and the peak value of corona impulse current can reach milliampere level. Furthermore, the distance between current probes and the upper electrode plate makes a difference in onset voltage of corona discharge. The value of onset voltage decreases with decreasing the distance. By calibrating shorter probes, it was established that the waveform of corona current suspended in a vertical electric field is the same as that of a singlepointed probe resting on and perpendicular to a flat plane ground electrode. However, to the longer probes, the closer distance between current detection unit and the upper electrode plate is, the larger the waveform of corona current will change. With the limit of test space, the upper electrode plate has great influences on the waveform of corona impulse current.
{"title":"Study on corona current measurement with probe suspended in the vertical static electric field","authors":"Yan-xin Li, Yun Li, Li-hua Shi, Shi Qiu","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368646","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of sounding of static electric field, measuring devices can not be rested on the ground, which are suspended in the air. To study the relationship between corona current and electric field in the air, current detection unit with probe suspended in the vertical electric field has been tested in the laboratory. The experimental results show that probes suspended in a vertical electric field can still generate corona discharge and the waveform of corona impulse current is double exponential wave and the peak value of corona impulse current can reach milliampere level. Furthermore, the distance between current probes and the upper electrode plate makes a difference in onset voltage of corona discharge. The value of onset voltage decreases with decreasing the distance. By calibrating shorter probes, it was established that the waveform of corona current suspended in a vertical electric field is the same as that of a singlepointed probe resting on and perpendicular to a flat plane ground electrode. However, to the longer probes, the closer distance between current detection unit and the upper electrode plate is, the larger the waveform of corona current will change. With the limit of test space, the upper electrode plate has great influences on the waveform of corona impulse current.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122675657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368630
D. Giri
The first atomic test took place in Alamogordo, NM, USA on July 16, 1945, Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi tried to calculate the possible electromagnetic fields that would be produced from the nuclear explosion. This can be considered as the birth of the study of HPEM. HPEM is a comprehensive acronym to include EM waveforms such as natural lightning, nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP, High-Power Microwaves(HPM) etc. [D. V. Giri and F. M. Tesche, “Classification of Intentional Electromagnetic Environments” (IEME), IEEE Trans. EMC, Aug. 200]
{"title":"History of high-power electromagnetics (HPEM) from 1940s to 21st century","authors":"D. Giri","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368630","url":null,"abstract":"The first atomic test took place in Alamogordo, NM, USA on July 16, 1945, Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi tried to calculate the possible electromagnetic fields that would be produced from the nuclear explosion. This can be considered as the birth of the study of HPEM. HPEM is a comprehensive acronym to include EM waveforms such as natural lightning, nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP, High-Power Microwaves(HPM) etc. [D. V. Giri and F. M. Tesche, “Classification of Intentional Electromagnetic Environments” (IEME), IEEE Trans. EMC, Aug. 200]","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122696579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368628
Yu Zhang, Jia-qing Chen, Man-tang Su, Yue-Qi Han, Yingqiang Wang, Jie Yang
Due to the non-directional of the single-station electric-field monitor, single-station electric-field monitor needs to be improved by using the networking atmosphere electric-field monitors. We used the networking atmosphere electric-field data and put forward a method that can solve the problem the single-station electric-field monitor has. Quartic spline interpolation is used as the method and it can transform the 2 dimension data to 3 dimension data and we can get the map of the electric-field. Then we used the radar echo data to prove its effectiveness. The results show that: (1) Comparing to other interpolation method quartic spline interpolation is better when considering the relation of each station, electric network system enhanced the function of atmospheric electric field instrument and expand the monitoring scope of the electric-field. (2) Radar echo proves that the center of radar echo and the map of the electric-field don't coincide well. (3) Intensity of the radar echo and the electric-field has positive correlation.
{"title":"The forecasting method of thundercloud electric-field based on the data of networking atmosphere electric-field","authors":"Yu Zhang, Jia-qing Chen, Man-tang Su, Yue-Qi Han, Yingqiang Wang, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368628","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the non-directional of the single-station electric-field monitor, single-station electric-field monitor needs to be improved by using the networking atmosphere electric-field monitors. We used the networking atmosphere electric-field data and put forward a method that can solve the problem the single-station electric-field monitor has. Quartic spline interpolation is used as the method and it can transform the 2 dimension data to 3 dimension data and we can get the map of the electric-field. Then we used the radar echo data to prove its effectiveness. The results show that: (1) Comparing to other interpolation method quartic spline interpolation is better when considering the relation of each station, electric network system enhanced the function of atmospheric electric field instrument and expand the monitoring scope of the electric-field. (2) Radar echo proves that the center of radar echo and the map of the electric-field don't coincide well. (3) Intensity of the radar echo and the electric-field has positive correlation.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116371011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368691
Xiangxiang Cheng, Haiyan Yan, Yifeng Hu
The requirement of radar wave stealth for modern ships gives birth to integrated superstructure and integrated mast, which is also called stealth mast as well. The antenna arrangement patterns installed on stealth mast are totally different from those on traditional ones. In addition, due to the use of radomes made of frequency-selective wave-penetrating materials, various electromagnetic interference (EMI) styles and coupling characteristic appears. In order to thoroughly investigate the possibly evocable consequences from stealth mast that might jeopardize ship's overall electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a typical stealth mast simulation model is built and ideal band pass frequency-selective surface (FSS) radomes are employed to cover the integrated radar antennas on stealth mast. Splitting into two circumstances when radar antennas play different roles in EMI pattern, electromagnetic fields inside the stealth mast are solved through utilizing the numerical technique of Finite Integration Time Domain (FITD) method. This paper studies and analyses the representative coupling results, and exposes the EMI issues that might possibly come around, that are emphasized by adopting non-ideal band pass FSS radomes in one case too. From the perspective of overall ship EMC design, the paper conclude with a series of EMI prevention measures and control methods, that are contraposing the emerging troubles standing in the way of surface warship's development for a new age.
{"title":"Electromagnetic interference analysis of integrated radar antennas on stealth mast","authors":"Xiangxiang Cheng, Haiyan Yan, Yifeng Hu","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368691","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement of radar wave stealth for modern ships gives birth to integrated superstructure and integrated mast, which is also called stealth mast as well. The antenna arrangement patterns installed on stealth mast are totally different from those on traditional ones. In addition, due to the use of radomes made of frequency-selective wave-penetrating materials, various electromagnetic interference (EMI) styles and coupling characteristic appears. In order to thoroughly investigate the possibly evocable consequences from stealth mast that might jeopardize ship's overall electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a typical stealth mast simulation model is built and ideal band pass frequency-selective surface (FSS) radomes are employed to cover the integrated radar antennas on stealth mast. Splitting into two circumstances when radar antennas play different roles in EMI pattern, electromagnetic fields inside the stealth mast are solved through utilizing the numerical technique of Finite Integration Time Domain (FITD) method. This paper studies and analyses the representative coupling results, and exposes the EMI issues that might possibly come around, that are emphasized by adopting non-ideal band pass FSS radomes in one case too. From the perspective of overall ship EMC design, the paper conclude with a series of EMI prevention measures and control methods, that are contraposing the emerging troubles standing in the way of surface warship's development for a new age.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134407798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368661
Liu Biao, Kong Jun-hui
In order to improve the efficiency of the template attack, people often pay attention to the points of interest, but neglect the number of training sets. In fact, the appropriate training set size is the key to ensure the template attack. The formula of the number of training set needed for the success template attack is deduced by probability analyzing. Further, in the case of the limited number of training set, a practical method based on pooled covariance matrix is proposed. Experimental results from attacking 10000 AES encryption traces showed that the proposed method can not only avoid the numerical problems, but also improve the success rate significantly compared to the traditional template attacks.
{"title":"Practical template attacks based on pooled covariance matrix","authors":"Liu Biao, Kong Jun-hui","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368661","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the efficiency of the template attack, people often pay attention to the points of interest, but neglect the number of training sets. In fact, the appropriate training set size is the key to ensure the template attack. The formula of the number of training set needed for the success template attack is deduced by probability analyzing. Further, in the case of the limited number of training set, a practical method based on pooled covariance matrix is proposed. Experimental results from attacking 10000 AES encryption traces showed that the proposed method can not only avoid the numerical problems, but also improve the success rate significantly compared to the traditional template attacks.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134540589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368686
Ji Haiying, Gao You-gang, Zhang Dan, Wang Chen
In this Paper firstly, the CSE (Conducted Spurious Emission) problem induced by shielding can in smart mobile phone design is experimentally analyzed, and the feasible solution is found. Then, the elements of circuits, which can be influenced by shielding can in smart mobile phone are classified into two categories, and they are the components and the micro-strip line. At last, by method of CST simulation the influence from shielding can's top face and wall to impedance of micro-strip line is further studied, and the guidelines for micro-strip line design to avoid shielding can's influence are also given.
{"title":"Study on the CSE problem induced by shielding can during smart mobile phone design","authors":"Ji Haiying, Gao You-gang, Zhang Dan, Wang Chen","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368686","url":null,"abstract":"In this Paper firstly, the CSE (Conducted Spurious Emission) problem induced by shielding can in smart mobile phone design is experimentally analyzed, and the feasible solution is found. Then, the elements of circuits, which can be influenced by shielding can in smart mobile phone are classified into two categories, and they are the components and the micro-strip line. At last, by method of CST simulation the influence from shielding can's top face and wall to impedance of micro-strip line is further studied, and the guidelines for micro-strip line design to avoid shielding can's influence are also given.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368697
Masayasu Ohira, D. Anzai, Jianqing Wang
Quasi-electrostatic field on car body surface is considered to be more useful as an in-vehicle communication means, compared with wireless communication and wire harness communication. In this study, we numerically calculated the propagation characteristics on a car body surface for the electric field communication and 2.4 GHz wireless communication, respectively, and showed that the former is more effective to pass through a slit hole in a lower path loss. Moreover, we also expressed the transmitting electrode, the car body and the receiving electrode with an equivalent circuit in view of their near-field coupling characteristic, and yielded the matching impedances of the transmitting and receiving electrodes in order to improve transmission effectiveness.
{"title":"Propagation characteristic analysis and improvemnet for in-vehicle electric field communication","authors":"Masayasu Ohira, D. Anzai, Jianqing Wang","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368697","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-electrostatic field on car body surface is considered to be more useful as an in-vehicle communication means, compared with wireless communication and wire harness communication. In this study, we numerically calculated the propagation characteristics on a car body surface for the electric field communication and 2.4 GHz wireless communication, respectively, and showed that the former is more effective to pass through a slit hole in a lower path loss. Moreover, we also expressed the transmitting electrode, the car body and the receiving electrode with an equivalent circuit in view of their near-field coupling characteristic, and yielded the matching impedances of the transmitting and receiving electrodes in order to improve transmission effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128502338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a special kind of electromagnetic interference, the transient electromagnetic pulse has strong destructive effects, which are serious threat to the safety of aerospace system. On the basic of three elements of electromagnetic interference, the protection factors of electromagnetic pulse of aerospace system were analyzed, and the protection methods were discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Discussion on transient electromagnetic pulse protection methods of aerospace system","authors":"Ping Zhou, Yinghua Lv, Yongsheng Song, Zhihong Chen","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368716","url":null,"abstract":"As a special kind of electromagnetic interference, the transient electromagnetic pulse has strong destructive effects, which are serious threat to the safety of aerospace system. On the basic of three elements of electromagnetic interference, the protection factors of electromagnetic pulse of aerospace system were analyzed, and the protection methods were discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368673
Zhu Yichao, Zheng Shoujun, Pang Shenghan, Wu Sang
Rotating parabolic reflector antenna combined with parachute is designed to have a parachute-type high power EMP radiator. With EM array complementary radiation as the design idea, a four-feed-arm parachute-type reflector antenna structure with higher feeding efficiency is proposed, thus to strengthen the low-frequency radiating capacity, widen the bandwidth of antenna and improve the radiant efficiency of antenna; a balanced feeding structure is also adopted to strengthen the radiating capacity. The results showed that parachute-type radiator is superior to TEM horn antenna in both peak-to-peak value of field strength and effective bandwidth of radiation field, thus making effective radiation of high-power UWB-EMP come true.
{"title":"Simulation study on parachute-type high power EMP radiator","authors":"Zhu Yichao, Zheng Shoujun, Pang Shenghan, Wu Sang","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368673","url":null,"abstract":"Rotating parabolic reflector antenna combined with parachute is designed to have a parachute-type high power EMP radiator. With EM array complementary radiation as the design idea, a four-feed-arm parachute-type reflector antenna structure with higher feeding efficiency is proposed, thus to strengthen the low-frequency radiating capacity, widen the bandwidth of antenna and improve the radiant efficiency of antenna; a balanced feeding structure is also adopted to strengthen the radiating capacity. The results showed that parachute-type radiator is superior to TEM horn antenna in both peak-to-peak value of field strength and effective bandwidth of radiation field, thus making effective radiation of high-power UWB-EMP come true.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115569678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368624
Hong Rentang, Shi Lihua, Qiu Shi, Zhou Yinghui
A low-profile antenna with end-fire radiation and vertical polarization is presented in this paper. It employs a top-open dielectric-filled waveguide to propagate the electromagnetic waves, which is radiated by gradually deducing the height of the waveguide. The proposed antenna has a low profile of 0.1λL (λL is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency), and is embedded in a large ground plane. Simulation results show that a fractional impedance bandwidth of 23.6%, a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi, and an end-fire radiation is achieved, indicating that the antenna should be useful in airborne and vehicle platforms. The antenna has a width much less than a wavelength, showing the capability of being an array element for higher directivity and beam steering at the end-fire direction.
{"title":"A novel low-profile antenna with end-fire radiation","authors":"Hong Rentang, Shi Lihua, Qiu Shi, Zhou Yinghui","doi":"10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEM.2015.7368624","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile antenna with end-fire radiation and vertical polarization is presented in this paper. It employs a top-open dielectric-filled waveguide to propagate the electromagnetic waves, which is radiated by gradually deducing the height of the waveguide. The proposed antenna has a low profile of 0.1λL (λL is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency), and is embedded in a large ground plane. Simulation results show that a fractional impedance bandwidth of 23.6%, a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi, and an end-fire radiation is achieved, indicating that the antenna should be useful in airborne and vehicle platforms. The antenna has a width much less than a wavelength, showing the capability of being an array element for higher directivity and beam steering at the end-fire direction.","PeriodicalId":442379,"journal":{"name":"2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125747052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：