Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2022.2078920
Piotr Adamczyk
Abstract In this study, we test whether uncertainty shocks can affect the choice between direct investments and international trade as competitive modes of operating on foreign markets. In order to verify this, we built simple investments-to-trade ratios and used them with selected uncertainty measures in VAR models. Our analysis shows that in the case of the Polish manufacturing sector, different types of uncertainty not only affect the choice between direct investments abroad and exports but also affect the choice between foreign direct investment and imports as different modes of supplying the Polish market by foreign entities.
{"title":"The Role of Uncertainty in Shaping the Relationship between Direct Investments and International Trade: Evidence from VAR Models","authors":"Piotr Adamczyk","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2022.2078920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2022.2078920","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we test whether uncertainty shocks can affect the choice between direct investments and international trade as competitive modes of operating on foreign markets. In order to verify this, we built simple investments-to-trade ratios and used them with selected uncertainty measures in VAR models. Our analysis shows that in the case of the Polish manufacturing sector, different types of uncertainty not only affect the choice between direct investments abroad and exports but also affect the choice between foreign direct investment and imports as different modes of supplying the Polish market by foreign entities.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"164 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41714764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2022.2047131
A. Lisovskaia
Abstract As the understanding of well-being expands, organizations now see well-being as one of the focal areas of their interest. This paper provides evidence from Russian organizations that illustrate key issues of well-being program adoption and management. A qualitative research study was conducted with representatives from human resource development departments (further -HRD). The findings indicate the absence of the holistic view on well-being as such and human resource management (further-HRM) practices oriented on well-being in the Russian context. Our study highlighted the importance of enhancing the role of HRD managers and their responsibility for the implementation of these practices.
{"title":"Implementing Well‐Being Practices through Russian Context: HRD Perspective","authors":"A. Lisovskaia","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2022.2047131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2022.2047131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the understanding of well-being expands, organizations now see well-being as one of the focal areas of their interest. This paper provides evidence from Russian organizations that illustrate key issues of well-being program adoption and management. A qualitative research study was conducted with representatives from human resource development departments (further -HRD). The findings indicate the absence of the holistic view on well-being as such and human resource management (further-HRM) practices oriented on well-being in the Russian context. Our study highlighted the importance of enhancing the role of HRD managers and their responsibility for the implementation of these practices.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"254 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2022.2040686
J. Fehér, P. Kollár, Ádám Szobi, Anna Urbán, József Poór
Abstract Based on quantitative and qualitative empirical methods this research adds to the understanding of the control of subsidiaries through expatriates by investigating the issue specifically in the CEE region. In this study the multifaceted contributions of expatriates to the control and operations of subsidiaries are emphasized, although a significant positive relationship between the use of expatriates and subsidiary performance is found only for certain observation periods and on some of the performance indicators. The results are in line with those of previous research in other regions that have reported contradictory tendencies regarding the impact of employing expatriates on subsidiary performance.
{"title":"The Relationship between the Employment of Expatriates and the Subsidiary Performance of Multinational Companies in Five CEE Countries","authors":"J. Fehér, P. Kollár, Ádám Szobi, Anna Urbán, József Poór","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2022.2040686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2022.2040686","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on quantitative and qualitative empirical methods this research adds to the understanding of the control of subsidiaries through expatriates by investigating the issue specifically in the CEE region. In this study the multifaceted contributions of expatriates to the control and operations of subsidiaries are emphasized, although a significant positive relationship between the use of expatriates and subsidiary performance is found only for certain observation periods and on some of the performance indicators. The results are in line with those of previous research in other regions that have reported contradictory tendencies regarding the impact of employing expatriates on subsidiary performance.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"229 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2022.2040688
A. Zhunussova, R. Dulambayeva
Abstract This paper investigates the factors important for bilateral services trade between Kazakhstan and other countries. The subject of this article is trade in services in Kazakhstan. Our goal is to determine the factors significantly affecting trade in services in Kazakhstan. Our central hypothesis is that the Eurasian economic union (EAEU) membership was not essential for trade in services in Kazakhstan. The main result is that external trade in services is mainly influenced by factors such as the distance between Kazakhstan and partner countries and the GDP growth rate of partner countries.
{"title":"Trade in Services in Kazakhstan: How Did the Entry into the EAEU Affect It?","authors":"A. Zhunussova, R. Dulambayeva","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2022.2040688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2022.2040688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the factors important for bilateral services trade between Kazakhstan and other countries. The subject of this article is trade in services in Kazakhstan. Our goal is to determine the factors significantly affecting trade in services in Kazakhstan. Our central hypothesis is that the Eurasian economic union (EAEU) membership was not essential for trade in services in Kazakhstan. The main result is that external trade in services is mainly influenced by factors such as the distance between Kazakhstan and partner countries and the GDP growth rate of partner countries.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"185 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48579830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.2022558
J. Diaz, Bastien Pauchet
Abstract This study investigates the effects of 7 internal corporate factors on the liquidity of 30 French and 30 Taiwanese banks and uses the Quick Ratio (LIQ) as a liquidity proxy using quarterly data from 2012 to 2018. The analysis employs multiple linear panel regression models, namely, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS); and both Fixed Effects (FE), and Random Effects (RE) are used as robustness tests. This research examines financial leverage (LEV), size (SZ), return on total assets (ROTA), operating profit (OP), customer loans and bank loans (CLBL), return on equity (ROE), and working capital ratio (WCR) as possible factors influencing a bank’s liquidity. Findings show that banks from both countries do not exhibit many similarities except that SZ positively affects LIQ. For French banks and all banks combined, LEV and ROTA have the same negative relationship with LIQ, whereas WCR has a positive relationship. However, these ratios do not show any significance for Taiwanese banks. Bigger French banks mostly show different results from smaller French banks. LEV and ROE positively affect LIQ, and WCR negatively affects LIQ for bigger French banks, while the opposite is true for smaller French banks. However, both LIQ is negatively influenced by ROTA. Bigger Taiwanese banks show a similar and negative influence of CLBL and WCR on LIQ with smaller Taiwanese banks. This paper provides original empirical evidence in examining financial factors that management can use to better understand changes in a bank’s liquidity. It also contributes to the literature by understanding the different effects of corporate variables on the liquidity of French and Taiwanese banks.
{"title":"Determinants of Publicly-Listed Firms’ Liquidity: Evidence from French and Taiwanese Banks","authors":"J. Diaz, Bastien Pauchet","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.2022558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.2022558","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the effects of 7 internal corporate factors on the liquidity of 30 French and 30 Taiwanese banks and uses the Quick Ratio (LIQ) as a liquidity proxy using quarterly data from 2012 to 2018. The analysis employs multiple linear panel regression models, namely, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS); and both Fixed Effects (FE), and Random Effects (RE) are used as robustness tests. This research examines financial leverage (LEV), size (SZ), return on total assets (ROTA), operating profit (OP), customer loans and bank loans (CLBL), return on equity (ROE), and working capital ratio (WCR) as possible factors influencing a bank’s liquidity. Findings show that banks from both countries do not exhibit many similarities except that SZ positively affects LIQ. For French banks and all banks combined, LEV and ROTA have the same negative relationship with LIQ, whereas WCR has a positive relationship. However, these ratios do not show any significance for Taiwanese banks. Bigger French banks mostly show different results from smaller French banks. LEV and ROE positively affect LIQ, and WCR negatively affects LIQ for bigger French banks, while the opposite is true for smaller French banks. However, both LIQ is negatively influenced by ROTA. Bigger Taiwanese banks show a similar and negative influence of CLBL and WCR on LIQ with smaller Taiwanese banks. This paper provides original empirical evidence in examining financial factors that management can use to better understand changes in a bank’s liquidity. It also contributes to the literature by understanding the different effects of corporate variables on the liquidity of French and Taiwanese banks.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"89 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.2022063
Dimitris Giakoulas, Konstantina Louloudi, Constantina Kottaridi, P. Pantelidis
Abstract The present study analyses MNEs’ internationalization’s strategic motivation within different institutional and regulatory contexts through a study of Greek firms. Based on home country deficiencies, the study conceptualizes different internationalization motives in different regions, particularly CEECs and Western European countries. We use a unique database consisting of macro- and micro-level data covering the entire population of greenfield investments made from 2003 to 2019. Our analysis is based on Dunning and Lundan’s eclectic paradigm. Empirical evidence resulting from a panel data analysis and the fixed effects method corroborates our conceptualization of dualism on FDI motivations among the regions. In addition, a significant role of investment freedom is identified, which, depending on the region, either reinforces or moderates the importance of firm efficiency.
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment and the Role of Institutional Framework: Evidence from Greek Outward FDI","authors":"Dimitris Giakoulas, Konstantina Louloudi, Constantina Kottaridi, P. Pantelidis","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.2022063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.2022063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study analyses MNEs’ internationalization’s strategic motivation within different institutional and regulatory contexts through a study of Greek firms. Based on home country deficiencies, the study conceptualizes different internationalization motives in different regions, particularly CEECs and Western European countries. We use a unique database consisting of macro- and micro-level data covering the entire population of greenfield investments made from 2003 to 2019. Our analysis is based on Dunning and Lundan’s eclectic paradigm. Empirical evidence resulting from a panel data analysis and the fixed effects method corroborates our conceptualization of dualism on FDI motivations among the regions. In addition, a significant role of investment freedom is identified, which, depending on the region, either reinforces or moderates the importance of firm efficiency.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-17DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.1987369
C. Kuzey, Muhammet Sait Dinc, A. Akin, Halil Zaim
Abstract Using a comprehensive database of 6,331 firms obtained from 78 countries, this study examines the impact of human capital investment in employee training and development upon the firm financial performance through the research and development intensity of innovation capital. Various analyses were employed, including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. Study results revealed the partial mediation role of innovation capital upon the relationship between human capital investment and firm performance as measured by accounting-based return on assets. However, the role of innovation capital converted to full mediation when market-based Tobin’s Q was used for the performance measurement.
{"title":"Does Innovation Capital Mediate the Link between Human Capital Investment and Financial Performance? An International Investigation","authors":"C. Kuzey, Muhammet Sait Dinc, A. Akin, Halil Zaim","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.1987369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.1987369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a comprehensive database of 6,331 firms obtained from 78 countries, this study examines the impact of human capital investment in employee training and development upon the firm financial performance through the research and development intensity of innovation capital. Various analyses were employed, including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. Study results revealed the partial mediation role of innovation capital upon the relationship between human capital investment and firm performance as measured by accounting-based return on assets. However, the role of innovation capital converted to full mediation when market-based Tobin’s Q was used for the performance measurement.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"201 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48789942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-03DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.1982103
Canan Yildirim, Belma Öztürkkal
Abstract This study investigates challenges and opportunities that regionally expanding emerging market banks face. We focus on four leading Middle Eastern banks’ internationalization trajectories and performances by employing a case study approach. We first examine the four banks’ choices of target markets, entry sequencing, and entry modes over time and then analyze their entry strategies and post-entry financial performances in one of their key markets, Turkey. We show that the success of regional expansion strategies depends on parent bank characteristics such as scale and capital strength, strategic decisions regarding entry mode and timing, and host market structure and competitiveness.
{"title":"Regional Expansion of Emerging Market Banks: Evidence from the Middle East","authors":"Canan Yildirim, Belma Öztürkkal","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.1982103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.1982103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates challenges and opportunities that regionally expanding emerging market banks face. We focus on four leading Middle Eastern banks’ internationalization trajectories and performances by employing a case study approach. We first examine the four banks’ choices of target markets, entry sequencing, and entry modes over time and then analyze their entry strategies and post-entry financial performances in one of their key markets, Turkey. We show that the success of regional expansion strategies depends on parent bank characteristics such as scale and capital strength, strategic decisions regarding entry mode and timing, and host market structure and competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"30 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47470933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.1976348
Suman Bindu, P. Sridharan, R. Swain, C. Das
Abstract The steady flow of remittances due to financial integration has grabbed the attention of academicians and policy advisors. Despite the growing importance of remittances, the study on the relationship between remittances and financial development in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa remains unexplored. Thus, this paper analyses the effect of remittances on financial development. It also investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances and financial development using annual data of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 1990 to 2019. Three different financial development indicators are used: domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, bank deposit as a percentage of GDP, liquid liabilities as a percentage of GDP. The study employs the fixed and random effect model, Johansen Cointegration tests, vector error correction model, and Wald tests for analysis. The results suggest a positive effect of remittances on bank deposits. It indicates that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 4.5% increase in bank deposits. The study also reveals the long-run relationship between remittances and bank deposits and the absence of a short-run relationship between remittances and financial development. The main implications of the study can be predicted as remittances allow the accumulation of savings in the long run and provide the platform for the unbanked recipients to utilize certain financial products and services. The absence of a short-run relationship indicates that remittances are utilized mainly for consumption in the short run. However, it can be recommended that BRICS economies should make every effort to increase the remittance inflows through reduced transaction costs and tax benefits in remittance-led investment or banks to bank deposits with competitive deposit rates for the diaspora.
{"title":"Causal Linkage between Remittances and Financial Development: Evidence from the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa)","authors":"Suman Bindu, P. Sridharan, R. Swain, C. Das","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.1976348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.1976348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The steady flow of remittances due to financial integration has grabbed the attention of academicians and policy advisors. Despite the growing importance of remittances, the study on the relationship between remittances and financial development in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa remains unexplored. Thus, this paper analyses the effect of remittances on financial development. It also investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances and financial development using annual data of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 1990 to 2019. Three different financial development indicators are used: domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, bank deposit as a percentage of GDP, liquid liabilities as a percentage of GDP. The study employs the fixed and random effect model, Johansen Cointegration tests, vector error correction model, and Wald tests for analysis. The results suggest a positive effect of remittances on bank deposits. It indicates that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 4.5% increase in bank deposits. The study also reveals the long-run relationship between remittances and bank deposits and the absence of a short-run relationship between remittances and financial development. The main implications of the study can be predicted as remittances allow the accumulation of savings in the long run and provide the platform for the unbanked recipients to utilize certain financial products and services. The absence of a short-run relationship indicates that remittances are utilized mainly for consumption in the short run. However, it can be recommended that BRICS economies should make every effort to increase the remittance inflows through reduced transaction costs and tax benefits in remittance-led investment or banks to bank deposits with competitive deposit rates for the diaspora.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"117 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42575561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2021.1974640
K. P. Timsina, R. Culas
Abstract This paper estimates the trade creation and export diversion effects of different Australia’s free trade agreements (FTAs) using the panel data from 1996 to 2017. The heteroscedasticity robust Regression Error Specification Test confirms the relevance of Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator over Ordinary Least Square estimator. Results showed that the total trade creation effects of FTAs in wheat trade is higher than Intra block export diversion. The exhausted wheat exports potentiality from Australia to the countries like Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines has suggested seeking for additional potential markets based on demand in the future.
{"title":"Australia’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Potentiality of Wheat Exports: A Panel Gravity Model Approach","authors":"K. P. Timsina, R. Culas","doi":"10.1080/10669868.2021.1974640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2021.1974640","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper estimates the trade creation and export diversion effects of different Australia’s free trade agreements (FTAs) using the panel data from 1996 to 2017. The heteroscedasticity robust Regression Error Specification Test confirms the relevance of Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator over Ordinary Least Square estimator. Results showed that the total trade creation effects of FTAs in wheat trade is higher than Intra block export diversion. The exhausted wheat exports potentiality from Australia to the countries like Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines has suggested seeking for additional potential markets based on demand in the future.","PeriodicalId":44266,"journal":{"name":"Journal of East-West Business","volume":"28 1","pages":"61 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44745906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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