Özlem Aytaç, P. Öner, F. F. Şenol, Zulal Ascı-Toraman
Objectives: Although the broth microdilution method (BMD) is recommended in determining colistin resistance, the search for alternative methods continues. We aimed to determine the effectiveness in detecting colistin sensitivity by comparing the liquid microdilution method, which is the gold standard method for colistin susceptibility testing, and the Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkAway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems, which are the commercial BMD methods. Methods: For this purpose, 100 multidrug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were tested for colistin susceptibility. Antibiotic susceptibility results were compared with broth microdilution, Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan Walkaway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: According to the criteria set by International Organization of Standardization (ISO), categorical agreement, major error, and very large error rates were not found in acceptable performance when the Phoenix and Sensitizer microdilution methods were compared with the gold standard method BMD. In addition, we determined that the categorical agreement (97%), major error (1%), and very large error (2%) rates of the MicroScan Walkaway method were acceptable. Conclusion: Since BMD is not a practical method, its use is not preferred. Simple and accurate phenotypic detection methods to determine colistin resistance in routine microbiology laboratories have not yet been defined. Although different results were obtained in different studies, MicroScan Walkaway provided the necessary criteria for the method acceptance in our study. Keywords: colistin, Acinetobacter baumannii, broth microdilution, sensititre, automated systems
{"title":"Comparison of Colistin Resistance Results of Multiple Resistant Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates with broth Microdilution, Sensititre, and Two Different Automated Systems","authors":"Özlem Aytaç, P. Öner, F. F. Şenol, Zulal Ascı-Toraman","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4092","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Although the broth microdilution method (BMD) is recommended in determining colistin resistance, the search for alternative methods continues. We aimed to determine the effectiveness in detecting colistin sensitivity by comparing the liquid microdilution method, which is the gold standard method for colistin susceptibility testing, and the Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkAway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems, which are the commercial BMD methods. \u0000\u0000Methods: For this purpose, 100 multidrug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were tested for colistin susceptibility. Antibiotic susceptibility results were compared with broth microdilution, Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan Walkaway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA).\u0000\u0000Results: According to the criteria set by International Organization of Standardization (ISO), categorical agreement, major error, and very large error rates were not found in acceptable performance when the Phoenix and Sensitizer microdilution methods were compared with the gold standard method BMD. In addition, we determined that the categorical agreement (97%), major error (1%), and very large error (2%) rates of the MicroScan Walkaway method were acceptable.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Since BMD is not a practical method, its use is not preferred. Simple and accurate phenotypic detection methods to determine colistin resistance in routine microbiology laboratories have not yet been defined. Although different results were obtained in different studies, MicroScan Walkaway provided the necessary criteria for the method acceptance in our study.\u0000\u0000Keywords: colistin, Acinetobacter baumannii, broth microdilution, sensititre, automated systems","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tugba Çınar, Uğur Önal, Özgür Yalçınbayır, H. Akalın
Neuroretinitis is a rare presentation of cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae. In this case report, we aimed to describe a 46-year-old male patient who presented with acute visual loss and was diagnosed as neuroretinitis. Fundus examination showed evidence of optic disc edema, macular star, and peripapillary hemorrhagia. The serological tests were positive for Bartonella with both IgM and IgG titers as 1/320. He was successfully treated with doxycycline for eight weeks. Both clinical and serological improvements were observed during the follow-up. Keywords : neuroretinitis, Bartonella henselae, cat-scratch diseases
{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Cat-Scratch Disease: A Case Report with Neuroretinitis and Review of Cases Reported from Turkey","authors":"Tugba Çınar, Uğur Önal, Özgür Yalçınbayır, H. Akalın","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4090","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroretinitis is a rare presentation of cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae. In this case report, we aimed to describe a 46-year-old male patient who presented with acute visual loss and was diagnosed as neuroretinitis. Fundus examination showed evidence of optic disc edema, macular star, and peripapillary hemorrhagia. The serological tests were positive for Bartonella with both IgM and IgG titers as 1/320. He was successfully treated with doxycycline for eight weeks. Both clinical and serological improvements were observed during the follow-up. \u0000\u0000Keywords : neuroretinitis, Bartonella henselae, cat-scratch diseases","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41613628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and opinions of male patients infected with the hepatitis B virus about their disease. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a military hospital in Ankara between July 2016 – July 2017. The study population consisted of 244 male patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the hospital within one year. No sample selection was made, and 208 patients accepted to participate were included in the study. The research data were collected by a questionnaire form consisting of 28 questions prepared by the researchers in line with the literature. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 22.0 program was used. Results: Of the patients, 86.5% were single, 50% were primary school graduates, 65.4% were self-employed, and their mean age was 22.67±2.9. According to the data, 53.4% of the patients were HBeAg-negative, and 46.6% were HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Healthcare personnel was the information source for 51.9% of the patients, and 80.8% felt the need to get more information about their disease. 88.4% of the patients stated that hepatitis B disease could be transmitted through the bloodstream, and 80.7% of them stated that being vaccinated prevented them from being sick. 86.5% of the patients stated that the purpose of the treatment of hepatitis B disease was to prevent the progression of the disease. Conclusions: According to the study’s results, we determined that the patients’ knowledge and attitudes about their diseases were insufficient. Keywords: attitude, hepatitis B virus, infectious diseases, knowledge
目的：本研究旨在评估男性乙型肝炎病毒感染者对其疾病的认识、态度和意见。方法：这项描述性研究于2016年7月至2017年7月在安卡拉的一家军事医院进行。研究人群包括244名在一年内入住该医院传染病诊所的男性患者。没有进行样本选择，208名接受参与的患者被纳入研究。研究数据由研究人员根据文献编制的28个问题组成的调查表收集。对于统计分析，请使用IBM SPSS Statistics For Windows。使用22.0版程序。结果：86.5%为单身，50%为小学毕业生，65.4%为个体经营者，平均年龄22.67±2.9岁。数据显示，53.4%的患者为HBeAg阴性，46.6%的患者为慢性乙型肝炎患者。医疗保健人员是51.9%患者的信息来源，80.8%的患者认为有必要获得更多关于他们疾病的信息。88.4%的患者表示，乙型肝炎可以通过血液传播，其中80.7%的患者表示接种疫苗可以防止他们生病。86.5%的患者表示，治疗乙型肝炎的目的是防止疾病的进展。结论：根据研究结果，我们确定患者对其疾病的知识和态度不足。关键词：态度、乙肝病毒、传染病、知识
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Opinions of Hepatitis B Virus Carrier Male Patients about the Disease","authors":"Ebru Dıgrak, Ayfer Tezel","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.3583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.3583","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and opinions of male patients infected with the hepatitis B virus about their disease.\u0000\u0000Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a military hospital in Ankara between July 2016 – July 2017. The study population consisted of 244 male patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the hospital within one year. No sample selection was made, and 208 patients accepted to participate were included in the study. The research data were collected by a questionnaire form consisting of 28 questions prepared by the researchers in line with the literature. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 22.0 program was used.\u0000\u0000Results: Of the patients, 86.5% were single, 50% were primary school graduates, 65.4% were self-employed, and their mean age was 22.67±2.9. According to the data, 53.4% of the patients were HBeAg-negative, and 46.6% were HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Healthcare personnel was the information source for 51.9% of the patients, and 80.8% felt the need to get more information about their disease. 88.4% of the patients stated that hepatitis B disease could be transmitted through the bloodstream, and 80.7% of them stated that being vaccinated prevented them from being sick. 86.5% of the patients stated that the purpose of the treatment of hepatitis B disease was to prevent the progression of the disease.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: According to the study’s results, we determined that the patients’ knowledge and attitudes about their diseases were insufficient. \u0000\u0000Keywords: attitude, hepatitis B virus, infectious diseases, knowledge","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taliha Karakök, S. Cesur, Esra Kaya-Kılıç, Melih Gaffar Gözükara, A. E. Karakoç, H. Başar, S. Kınıklı
Objectives: The probability of detecting viral and atypical agents in pneumonia patients has increased with the molecular methods used in recent years. We aimed to investigate pneumonia pathogens in endotracheal aspiration samples (ETA) of patients with severe community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) and culture method. Methods: A prospective study was performed between December 2019 and October 2020. Patients 18 years and older with pneumonia followed in ICU on the mechanical ventilator were included. COVID-19 patients were excluded. Patients were grouped as CAP, HAP, and VAP. Two ETA samples were obtained from patients within 48 hours of the pneumonia diagnosis. Respiratory pathogens were investigated in samples by viral-bacterial m-PCR and bacterial culture methods. Results: 74 patients were included in the study. m-PCR of ETA samples achieved pathogen detection in 87.8% of patients compared with 58.1% with culture methods. The most common pathogen detected by m-PCR was Streptococcus pneumoniae in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. The most common pathogen isolated by culture was Staphylococcus aureus in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. Atypical pneumonia pathogens were positive for 14.9% of the patients. Atypical pathogens were recovered from 28.5% of CAP patients and 23.1% of HAP patients. Viruses constituted all of the atypical pathogens recovered from HAP patients. No atypical pathogen was found in VAP patients. Conclusion: In this study, S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen detected with m-PCR, and S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most common pathogens detected with culture. Determination of microbial etiology of lower respiratory tract samples by molecular methods for diagnosing severe CAP and HAP may be beneficial in terms of treatment. Keywords: pneumonia, multiplex PCR, endotracheal aspirate, conventional methods
{"title":"Investigation of Microbial Etiology in Endotracheal Aspirate Samples of Severe Pneumonia Patients by Multiplex PCR and Culture Method","authors":"Taliha Karakök, S. Cesur, Esra Kaya-Kılıç, Melih Gaffar Gözükara, A. E. Karakoç, H. Başar, S. Kınıklı","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4004","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The probability of detecting viral and atypical agents in pneumonia patients has increased with the molecular methods used in recent years. We aimed to investigate pneumonia pathogens in endotracheal aspiration samples (ETA) of patients with severe community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) and culture method.\u0000\u0000Methods: A prospective study was performed between December 2019 and October 2020. Patients 18 years and older with pneumonia followed in ICU on the mechanical ventilator were included. COVID-19 patients were excluded. Patients were grouped as CAP, HAP, and VAP. Two ETA samples were obtained from patients within 48 hours of the pneumonia diagnosis. Respiratory pathogens were investigated in samples by viral-bacterial m-PCR and bacterial culture methods.\u0000\u0000Results: 74 patients were included in the study. m-PCR of ETA samples achieved pathogen detection in 87.8% of patients compared with 58.1% with culture methods. The most common pathogen detected by m-PCR was Streptococcus pneumoniae in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. The most common pathogen isolated by culture was Staphylococcus aureus in both CAP and HAP patients and Klebsiella spp. in VAP patients. Atypical pneumonia pathogens were positive for 14.9% of the patients. Atypical pathogens were recovered from 28.5% of CAP patients and 23.1% of HAP patients. Viruses constituted all of the atypical pathogens recovered from HAP patients. No atypical pathogen was found in VAP patients.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In this study, S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen detected with m-PCR, and S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most common pathogens detected with culture. Determination of microbial etiology of lower respiratory tract samples by molecular methods for diagnosing severe CAP and HAP may be beneficial in terms of treatment.\u0000\u0000Keywords: pneumonia, multiplex PCR, endotracheal aspirate, conventional methods","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42531986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Chronic hepatitis is a clinical and pathological condition defined by etiological, clinical, and pathological aspects, in which inflammation in the liver continues for more than six months. Hepatitis B virus is one of the most important causes of etiology. Although liver biopsy is accepted as the gold standard test, there is a need to search for an alternative method due to the risk of complications, invasiveness, and cost. Our aim in this study was; to evaluate the predictive value of calculating fibrosis four scores (FIB -4), age platelet index (API), AST ALT ratio (AAR), AST platelet ratio index (APRI), Hui score, Goteburg University cirrhosis index (GUCI) indices in relation to liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis B diagnosis who have not received any treatment before. Methods: The study included treatment-naive cases who underwent liver biopsy at Ankara University School of Medicine Hospitals Gastroenterology Clinics between March 2013 and November 2017 and at Ankara City Hospital Gastroenterology Clinic between 2019-2021. Non-invasive scores of the cases were evaluated simultaneously with liver biopsy. Results: A total of 159 patients, 45 (28.3%) female and 114 (71.7%) male, were included in our study. Eight non-invasive fibrosis markers were used, including APRI, FIB-4, AAR, API, CDS, Lok, GUCI, and Hui. GUCI and Hui non-invasive fibrosis markers were numerically superior to all other parameters in differentiating mild hepatitis from severe hepatitis and patients with cirrhosis, without cirrhosis. In the comparison of area under – receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values using the Hanley-McNeal test to differentiate the cirrhosis patient from the non-cirrhosis patient, statistical superiority was found only against AAR and API (p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion: Although many markers were found successful in our study, AUC values were not significantly superior to each other, and we determined that they could not be an alternative to liver biopsy on their own. Keywords: chronic hepatitis B, fibrosis, liver
{"title":"Role of Non-Invasive Scoring Systems in Detecting Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"Emra Asfuroğlu-Kalkan Asfuroglu-Kalkan, I. Soykan","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4338","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Chronic hepatitis is a clinical and pathological condition defined by etiological, clinical, and pathological aspects, in which inflammation in the liver continues for more than six months. Hepatitis B virus is one of the most important causes of etiology. Although liver biopsy is accepted as the gold standard test, there is a need to search for an alternative method due to the risk of complications, invasiveness, and cost. Our aim in this study was; to evaluate the predictive value of calculating fibrosis four scores (FIB -4), age platelet index (API), AST ALT ratio (AAR), AST platelet ratio index (APRI), Hui score, Goteburg University cirrhosis index (GUCI) indices in relation to liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis B diagnosis who have not received any treatment before.\u0000\u0000Methods: The study included treatment-naive cases who underwent liver biopsy at Ankara University School of Medicine Hospitals Gastroenterology Clinics between March 2013 and November 2017 and at Ankara City Hospital Gastroenterology Clinic between 2019-2021. Non-invasive scores of the cases were evaluated simultaneously with liver biopsy.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 159 patients, 45 (28.3%) female and 114 (71.7%) male, were included in our study. Eight non-invasive fibrosis markers were used, including APRI, FIB-4, AAR, API, CDS, Lok, GUCI, and Hui. GUCI and Hui non-invasive fibrosis markers were numerically superior to all other parameters in differentiating mild hepatitis from severe hepatitis and patients with cirrhosis, without cirrhosis. In the comparison of area under – receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values using the Hanley-McNeal test to differentiate the cirrhosis patient from the non-cirrhosis patient, statistical superiority was found only against AAR and API (p<0.001, p<0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Although many markers were found successful in our study, AUC values were not significantly superior to each other, and we determined that they could not be an alternative to liver biopsy on their own.\u0000\u0000Keywords: chronic hepatitis B, fibrosis, liver","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Determining colistin susceptibility according to the reference method is a significant problem for clinical microbiology laboratories. There is a need for a fast, easy-to-apply, and accurate method for laboratories with limited opportunities. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of the colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) test. Methods: A total of 193 Gram-negative bacteria, which were isolated from various clinical specimens in our laboratory, were included in the study. Colistin susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution as the reference method. The CBDE test was performed as previously described. For each bacterial isolate, 0, ½, 1, 2, and 4 colistin discs (10 µg; BD) were added to 5 tubes containing cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB). The final colistin concentrations in the tubes were 0 (growth control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined by visual evaluation 16-20 hours after the bacterial inoculation. Results: In the Enterobacterales group, the categorical agreement was 94%, the major error was 5%, and the very major error was 0%. In the non-fermentative bacteria group, the categorical agreement was found to be 94%, the major error 1%, and the very major error 33%, respectively. Conclusion: The CBDE test is a good alternative to broth microdilution in routine microbiology laboratories for the Enterobacterales group since it provides easy-to-apply, cost-effective testing for colistin susceptibility and has a high categorical agreement compared to the reference microdilution method. Keywords: colistin, disc elution, antibiotic resistance, broth microdilution, Enterobacterales
{"title":"Evaluation of Colistin Susceptibility Results in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli by Colistin Broth Disk Elution Method","authors":"Ayşe Özkaçmaz, Fikriye Milletli-Sezgin","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4245","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determining colistin susceptibility according to the reference method is a significant problem for clinical microbiology laboratories. There is a need for a fast, easy-to-apply, and accurate method for laboratories with limited opportunities. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of the colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) test.\u0000\u0000Methods: A total of 193 Gram-negative bacteria, which were isolated from various clinical specimens in our laboratory, were included in the study. Colistin susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution as the reference method. The CBDE test was performed as previously described. For each bacterial isolate, 0, ½, 1, 2, and 4 colistin discs (10 µg; BD) were added to 5 tubes containing cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB). The final colistin concentrations in the tubes were 0 (growth control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined by visual evaluation 16-20 hours after the bacterial inoculation.\u0000\u0000Results: In the Enterobacterales group, the categorical agreement was 94%, the major error was 5%, and the very major error was 0%. In the non-fermentative bacteria group, the categorical agreement was found to be 94%, the major error 1%, and the very major error 33%, respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The CBDE test is a good alternative to broth microdilution in routine microbiology laboratories for the Enterobacterales group since it provides easy-to-apply, cost-effective testing for colistin susceptibility and has a high categorical agreement compared to the reference microdilution method. \u0000\u0000Keywords: colistin, disc elution, antibiotic resistance, broth microdilution, Enterobacterales","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measles, an old and highly contagious disease successfully controlled by vaccination, has revived worldwide epidemics without reaching its elimination and eradication goals. In this review, epidemiological data from the United States and Turkey were mainly analyzed. Vaccine rejection or hesitation has been mentioned as one of the reasons for the recurrence of measles. This review includes evaluating the cases followed in our hospital in three time periods when the number of measles cases increased in our country. Demographic data, vaccination status of the patients, complications, and prognosis were also emphasized. Keywords: measles, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, vaccination refusal, measles elimination
{"title":"Re-Emergence of Measles in the World and Our Country: Causes and Consequences","authors":"G. Tanır, R. Yalçınkaya","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.3742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.3742","url":null,"abstract":"Measles, an old and highly contagious disease successfully controlled by vaccination, has revived worldwide epidemics without reaching its elimination and eradication goals. In this review, epidemiological data from the United States and Turkey were mainly analyzed. Vaccine rejection or hesitation has been mentioned as one of the reasons for the recurrence of measles. This review includes evaluating the cases followed in our hospital in three time periods when the number of measles cases increased in our country. Demographic data, vaccination status of the patients, complications, and prognosis were also emphasized.\u0000\u0000Keywords: measles, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, vaccination refusal, measles elimination","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41914914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elif Sargın-Altunok, A. Batırel, Zeynep Ersöz, Deniz Akay-Güven, Sultan Öztürk-Aydemir
Objectives: All over the world, there has been a rapid and significant increase in the number of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, which was over the capacity of the intensive care units (ICU). This resulted in an increased risk of healthcare-associated infections. The most significant increase was in central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Our study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on CLABSI rates in patients in the COVID-ICU and the factors affecting it. Methods: Adult patients hospitalized in the ICU between January 01, 2021, and December 31, 2021, and diagnosed with CLABSI were evaluated retrospectively. Only the first infection data of patients diagnosed with more than one CLABSI during hospitalization were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups COVID-ICU and general ICU patients and were compared in terms of infection rate, risk factors, and agent distributions. Results: Twenty-two patients in the COVID-ICU and 32 patients in the general ICUs were diagnosed with CLABSI, and the infection rates were 2.05 and 1.03, respectively. The patients in the COVID-ICU had a shorter length of stay in the ICU and a significantly shorter time from ICU admission to CLABSI diagnosis. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms developed most frequently in both groups, and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent among them. Conclusion: CLABSI is seen more frequently and earlier in patients followed in the COVID-ICU. According to our study, this situation did not significantly affect mortality. To prevent CLABSI in COVID-ICUs and improve health care quality, additional management strategies must be determined, and close data monitoring is needed. Keywords: bloodstream infection, intensive care unit, COVID-19, central venous catheter, etiologic microorganisms
{"title":"Does COVID-19 Increase the Risk of Central-Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections?","authors":"Elif Sargın-Altunok, A. Batırel, Zeynep Ersöz, Deniz Akay-Güven, Sultan Öztürk-Aydemir","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4272","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: All over the world, there has been a rapid and significant increase in the number of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, which was over the capacity of the intensive care units (ICU). This resulted in an increased risk of healthcare-associated infections. The most significant increase was in central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Our study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on CLABSI rates in patients in the COVID-ICU and the factors affecting it.\u0000\u0000Methods: Adult patients hospitalized in the ICU between January 01, 2021, and December 31, 2021, and diagnosed with CLABSI were evaluated retrospectively. Only the first infection data of patients diagnosed with more than one CLABSI during hospitalization were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups COVID-ICU and general ICU patients and were compared in terms of infection rate, risk factors, and agent distributions. \u0000\u0000Results: Twenty-two patients in the COVID-ICU and 32 patients in the general ICUs were diagnosed with CLABSI, and the infection rates were 2.05 and 1.03, respectively. The patients in the COVID-ICU had a shorter length of stay in the ICU and a significantly shorter time from ICU admission to CLABSI diagnosis. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms developed most frequently in both groups, and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent among them.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: CLABSI is seen more frequently and earlier in patients followed in the COVID-ICU. According to our study, this situation did not significantly affect mortality. To prevent CLABSI in COVID-ICUs and improve health care quality, additional management strategies must be determined, and close data monitoring is needed.\u0000\u0000Keywords: bloodstream infection, intensive care unit, COVID-19, central venous catheter, etiologic microorganisms","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46908632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cumhur Özmen, S. Şimşek-Yavuz, S. Başaran, A. Çağatay, Halit Özsüt, H. Eraksoy
Abstract Objectives: We aimed to compare classical methods and chromogenic media to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization among hospitalized patients and determine the risk factors causing infection in colonized patients. Methods: Between January and August 2017, 100 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in the Reanimation Intensive Care Unit and the Trauma Emergency Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital were examined. From the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rectal swabs were collected once every week and were tested for the presence of CRE by using the classical method defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ChromID CARBA chromogenic medium, and direct inoculation into MacConkey agar plates. In addition, MIC values for imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem and colistin were determined by using the Etest. Results: Rectal BDE carriage was detected by at least one method in 46 (46%) of 100 patients included in the study. Sensitivity and specificity values of the CDC classical method, direct MacConkey inoculation, and ChromID CARBA medium in the first 24 hours were found as 78%-42%, 87%-80%, and 91%-98%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values of these methods after 72 hours were determined as 78%-100%, 87%-100%, and 91%-100%, respectively. Conclusion: We observed that, although the ChromID CARBA method performed better than classical CDC and direct MacConkey inoculation methods, direct MacConkey inoculation can still be employed, especially in areas with limited resources. Keywords: carbapenem, carbapenemase, rectal colonization
{"title":"Comparison of Classical methods and Chromogen Media for Detection of Stool Colonisation by Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","authors":"Cumhur Özmen, S. Şimşek-Yavuz, S. Başaran, A. Çağatay, Halit Özsüt, H. Eraksoy","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000Objectives: We aimed to compare classical methods and chromogenic media to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization among hospitalized patients and determine the risk factors causing infection in colonized patients.\u0000\u0000Methods: Between January and August 2017, 100 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in the Reanimation Intensive Care Unit and the Trauma Emergency Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital were examined. From the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rectal swabs were collected once every week and were tested for the presence of CRE by using the classical method defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ChromID CARBA chromogenic medium, and direct inoculation into MacConkey agar plates. In addition, MIC values for imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem and colistin were determined by using the Etest. \u0000\u0000Results: Rectal BDE carriage was detected by at least one method in 46 (46%) of 100 patients included in the study. Sensitivity and specificity values of the CDC classical method, direct MacConkey inoculation, and ChromID CARBA medium in the first 24 hours were found as 78%-42%, 87%-80%, and 91%-98%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values of these methods after 72 hours were determined as 78%-100%, 87%-100%, and 91%-100%, respectively. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: We observed that, although the ChromID CARBA method performed better than classical CDC and direct MacConkey inoculation methods, direct MacConkey inoculation can still be employed, especially in areas with limited resources. \u0000\u0000Keywords: carbapenem, carbapenemase, rectal colonization","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Durduran, Nazlım Aktug-Demir, Lutfi Saltuk Demir, B. Kandemir, I. Duman, Mehtap Yücel
Objective: To increase vaccine awareness, we aimed to determine individuals’ knowledge and behavioral approach to the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained online between June and July 31, 2021. One thousand one hundred seventy-six people over the age of 18 were included in the study. The researchers developed a data collection form consisting of 27 questions. Mean±standard deviation and median (1st quarter-3rd quarter) values, numbers, and percentages were used to summarize the data. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to show the relationship between categorical variables. Independent predictors of participants’ vaccine hesitancy/rejection were analyzed using logistic regression. Statistically, data with p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 1176 people, 55.7% of whom were women, with a mean age of 39.75±11.27 years, were included in the study. 71.6% of the participants were married, and 78.9% had a university/postgraduate degree. 9.7% of the participants stated that they were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine, and 7.1% refused the COVID-19 vaccine or would not be vaccinated when it was their turn. According to the logistic regression model established to examine the factors that may affect vaccine rejection; Age, the resources used to obtain information about the vaccine, the thought that it would not protect for two years, or the vaccine side effects were high, and the most effective way to get rid of the pandemic was not vaccination, were determined as the factors affecting vaccine rejection. Conclusion: As a result of the research, it was found that the participants had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. It was determined that 9.7% of the study group had vaccine hesitancy, and 7.1% had vaccine rejection. Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine rejection, COVID-19 vaccines
{"title":"Social Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccine 1 Year After The Pandemic","authors":"Y. Durduran, Nazlım Aktug-Demir, Lutfi Saltuk Demir, B. Kandemir, I. Duman, Mehtap Yücel","doi":"10.36519/kd.2022.4208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2022.4208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To increase vaccine awareness, we aimed to determine individuals’ knowledge and behavioral approach to the COVID-19 vaccine.\u0000\u0000Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained online between June and July 31, 2021. One thousand one hundred seventy-six people over the age of 18 were included in the study. The researchers developed a data collection form consisting of 27 questions. Mean±standard deviation and median (1st quarter-3rd quarter) values, numbers, and percentages were used to summarize the data. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to show the relationship between categorical variables. Independent predictors of participants’ vaccine hesitancy/rejection were analyzed using logistic regression. Statistically, data with p<0.05 were considered significant.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 1176 people, 55.7% of whom were women, with a mean age of 39.75±11.27 years, were included in the study. 71.6% of the participants were married, and 78.9% had a university/postgraduate degree. 9.7% of the participants stated that they were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine, and 7.1% refused the COVID-19 vaccine or would not be vaccinated when it was their turn. According to the logistic regression model established to examine the factors that may affect vaccine rejection; Age, the resources used to obtain information about the vaccine, the thought that it would not protect for two years, or the vaccine side effects were high, and the most effective way to get rid of the pandemic was not vaccination, were determined as the factors affecting vaccine rejection.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: As a result of the research, it was found that the participants had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. It was determined that 9.7% of the study group had vaccine hesitancy, and 7.1% had vaccine rejection.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine rejection, COVID-19 vaccines","PeriodicalId":44309,"journal":{"name":"Klimik Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：