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Robo-Advisors: A Substitute for Human Financial Advice? 机器人理财顾问:人类理财建议的替代品?
Pub Date : 2019-06-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3414200
Lukas Brenner, Tobias Meyll
Using representative US investor data, we investigate whether automated financial advisors, also referred to as robo-advisors, reduce investors’ demand for human financial advice offered by financial service providers. Our results provide a strong negative relationship between using robo-advisors and seeking human financial advice. We show that the substitution effect of robo-advisors is especially driven by investors who fear to be victimized by investment fraud. Our findings suggest that robo-advisors seem to offer a valid alternative for seeking investment advice, especially among those investors who worry about potential conflicts of interest that appear in the context of human financial advice.
使用具有代表性的美国投资者数据,我们调查了自动财务顾问(也称为机器人顾问)是否减少了投资者对金融服务提供商提供的人类财务建议的需求。我们的研究结果表明,使用机器人理财顾问和寻求人类理财建议之间存在强烈的负相关关系。我们表明,机器人顾问的替代效应尤其受到投资者的驱动,他们害怕成为投资欺诈的受害者。我们的研究结果表明,机器人顾问似乎为寻求投资建议提供了一种有效的选择,尤其是对那些担心人类财务建议中出现潜在利益冲突的投资者而言。
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引用次数: 63
Factors Affecting Customers’ Purchasing Behavior in Online Shopping 影响顾客网上购物购买行为的因素
Pub Date : 2019-04-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3377148
S. Azami
Online shopping is a relatively new type of retail shopping. It has now been adopted all over the world including Turkey. Nowadays, online shopping is still not as well known or accepted as in many other developed countries, and though the knowledge of online shopping in most of the countries are now beginning to increase rapidly. There are many factors which effect on the intention of online customers’ behavior while performing online shopping. In this study, the effect and relationship of five important factors; web environment, product characteristics, security and confidence to internet, promotion offers and the price of product to customers purchasing behavior was tested and formed the basis of this research. The study was conducted from the international students of Istanbul Universities. The data was collected from 215 respondents who provided the data through closed ended questionnaires. The study analysis was done based on descriptive statistics and SEM analysis intended to determine the relationship between the factors and online purchasing behaviors. The study findings indicate that web environment, product characteristics and promotional offers had a significant relationship with the customers’ purchasing behavior in online shopping. However, security and confidence to internet and price of product had no significant relationship with customers’ purchasing behaviors in online shopping, though the existing effect between the variables were positive, but they were not significant. The study recommends for adoption of policy, managerial and regulative measures especially intended to enhance the management for supporting online purchasing as means to enhancing the mode of online purchasing for the growth of online trade.
网上购物是一种相对较新的零售购物方式。现在,包括土耳其在内的世界各地都采用了这种方法。如今,网上购物仍然不像在许多其他发达国家那样广为人知或被接受,尽管网上购物的知识在大多数国家现在开始迅速增长。影响网络顾客在进行网络购物时行为意向的因素有很多。在本研究中,五个重要因素的作用和关系;对网络环境、产品特点、网络安全与信心、促销优惠和产品价格对顾客购买行为的影响进行了测试,形成了本研究的基础。这项研究是在伊斯坦布尔大学的国际学生中进行的。数据收集自215名受访者,他们通过封闭式问卷提供数据。研究分析基于描述性统计和SEM分析,旨在确定因素与在线购买行为之间的关系。研究发现,网络环境、产品特征和促销优惠对消费者的网购行为有显著的影响。而网络安全、网络信心、产品价格对消费者网购购买行为的影响不显著,虽然变量之间存在正向影响,但均不显著。该研究建议采取政策、管理和监管措施,特别是加强支持网上采购的管理,以改进网上采购模式,促进网上贸易的增长。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Digital Marketing on the Growth of Consumerism 数字营销对消费主义增长的影响
Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3344421
T. Durai, R. King
Consumerism plays a significant role in the transition taking place in a world where everything is digitized. Businesses have started adopting various digital marketing approaches, the most favoured methods being content, social and mobile marketing. Various channels that constitute digital marketing such as mobile, search engine optimization, content marketing, social media marketing and media marketing need to be utilised by companies effectively to reach out to their consumers and in also ensure the success of the business. All of these elements put together sum up a cohesive digital marketing strategy. The adoption of innovative strategies is crucial as companies stand the risk of losing competitive advantage in an increasingly commoditised world. As technological change continues its advancement in an exponential manner with new digital platforms and devices it is only wise for businesses to make haste in embracing this market evolution. Furthermore India’s consumption power is so big owing to its huge market of over billion people where the youth below twenty on its own are defined by a population of 600 million. The internet users are also growing at a fast and steady pace. This paves way to huge opportunities for the marketers to take advantage of as there is positive and continuous growth by the internet users. All this advancement brings in a tectonic shift between the businesses and the consumer until a balance is attained in the digital marketing approach. Consumption structure and consumer needs are changing and their desires are growing. The future of digital marketing will be based in how marketers create ways to puzzle together the new and traditional media into a perfect fix based on the market environment. This paper intends to identify the factors that influence consumers through the growth of digital marketing.
在这个一切都数字化的世界里,消费主义在转型中扮演着重要的角色。企业已经开始采用各种数字营销方法,最受欢迎的方法是内容营销、社交营销和移动营销。企业需要有效地利用数字营销的各种渠道,如移动、搜索引擎优化、内容营销、社交媒体营销和媒体营销,以接触消费者,并确保业务的成功。所有这些元素结合在一起就形成了一个有凝聚力的数字营销策略。在一个日益商品化的世界里,企业面临着失去竞争优势的风险,因此采用创新战略至关重要。随着新的数字平台和设备的出现,技术变革继续以指数级的方式发展,企业赶紧拥抱这一市场演变才是明智的。此外,由于拥有超过10亿人口的巨大市场,印度的消费能力如此之大,其中20岁以下的年轻人被定义为6亿人口。互联网用户也在快速稳定地增长。这为市场营销人员提供了巨大的机会,因为互联网用户的积极和持续增长。所有这些进步带来了企业和消费者之间的结构性转变,直到在数字营销方法中达到平衡。消费结构和消费需求在发生变化,消费欲望在增长。数字营销的未来将取决于营销人员如何根据市场环境创造方法,将新媒体和传统媒体融合成一个完美的解决方案。本文旨在通过数字营销的增长来确定影响消费者的因素。
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引用次数: 8
A Study of Consumer Buying Behavior in Selection of Wedding Cards In Nagpur City 那格浦尔市消费者选择结婚贺卡的购买行为研究
Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3341919
Snehal Godbole
Customer is the king. It stands true as no business in any given conditions or circumstances can prosper without consumers. Consumer is the most important link and therefore the study of Consumer Behavior has gained importance over the last few decades. Every aspect of the business revolves around consumer and their satisfaction level achieved. This consumer behavior study is based on the consumer buying behavior. The aim of this research paper is to ascertain the framework for the study of consumer behavior and the dynamics which have an impact on consumer choices and their buying behavior. The focus of this research paper is on selection of wedding cards in Nagpur city. A sample of 100 customers was taken for the study which includes the customers visiting the outlets for wedding cards selection. For collection of data a structured questionnaire was used and the technique used for research data collection was convenience sampling technique. The collected data is analysed using excel, pie charts and various statistical techniques. Findings, recommendations and conclusion are given.
顾客是王道。这句话是正确的,因为在任何特定条件或环境下,没有消费者,任何企业都无法繁荣。消费者是最重要的环节,因此在过去的几十年里,消费者行为的研究变得越来越重要。业务的每一个方面都围绕着消费者及其满意度的实现。这个消费者行为研究是基于消费者的购买行为。本研究论文的目的是确定消费者行为研究的框架,以及影响消费者选择和购买行为的动力学。本研究论文的重点是在那格浦尔市的婚礼贺卡的选择。我们选取了100位顾客作为研究样本,其中包括那些到商店挑选结婚贺卡的顾客。数据收集采用结构化问卷调查,研究数据收集采用方便抽样技术。收集的数据使用excel、饼图和各种统计技术进行分析。给出了调查结果、建议和结论。
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引用次数: 0
Antecedents to Purchase Intention – A Perceptual Study About 'YouTube' Videos 购买意向的前因——关于“YouTube”视频的感性研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3323763
Garima Mathur, A. Khandelwal, Radhika Mittal
Companies in the world are constantly seeking for new ways to reach consumers. Recently, there are numerous social media platforms through which people are connected. Companies are using social media to influence customer Purchase Intention. YouTube is one of the new social media platforms used by the companies for advertisement of their products. The increasing focus on social media shaped state of the art advertising and shifted the way companies interact with their target groups. The main objective of this research is to identify the factors that affect purchase intention of customer who watch product related YouTube videos. This study is one of the rare studies that combine YouTube videos and their effects on purchase intention. Number of Views, Likes, Comments and Replies (NVLCR), Perceived Credibility (PC), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Video Characteristics (PVC), Attitude towards Purchase (ATP) are various factors studied in association with purchase intention. In this study, a Video was shown to the respondents and Online Questionnaire based on video was filled by respondents. Multiple Regression Test was applied to the relationships between variables.
世界各地的公司都在不断寻找接触消费者的新方法。最近,有许多社交媒体平台,人们通过这些平台联系在一起。公司正在利用社交媒体来影响客户的购买意愿。YouTube是这些公司用来宣传其产品的新社交媒体平台之一。对社交媒体的日益关注塑造了最先进的广告,并改变了公司与目标群体互动的方式。本研究的主要目的是确定影响观看产品相关YouTube视频的客户购买意愿的因素。本研究是少有的结合YouTube视频及其对购买意愿影响的研究之一。观看、点赞、评论和回复数(NVLCR)、感知可信度(PC)、感知有用性(PU)、感知视频特征(PVC)、购买态度(ATP)是与购买意愿相关的各种因素。在本研究中,向被调查者展示了一段视频,并由被调查者填写基于视频的在线问卷。变量间关系采用多元回归检验。
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引用次数: 5
A Study on Information Credibility in the Social Media Marketing Adoption: Evidence from Indonesia 社交媒体营销采用中的信息可信度研究:来自印度尼西亚的证据
Pub Date : 2018-12-16 DOI: 10.5861/IJRSM.2019.4000
H. B. Winarko
This research is aimed to explore how the credibility factors such as medium and message credibility influence the information credibility in the context of adoption behavior, especially when young consumers are searching information for any promoted SME products or services offered through the social media networks. The quantitative methodology used by developing new research model based-on marketing communication theories to examine factors that significantly influence in the adoption process of digital marketing technique for SME markets. The results indicate that information credibility is significantly affected by the medium credibility and message credibility. Additionally the research found surprisingly that information credibility was not giving a strong affect directly toward millennial adoption on social media marketing platform. However the study found that the usage of social media marketing strategy to promote SME products and services was recommended effectively, especially targeting for the millennial consumer segments since they are considered as the important digital native generational consumers in Indonesia market.
本研究旨在探讨在采用行为的背景下,媒介和消息可信度等可信度因素如何影响信息可信度,特别是当年轻消费者通过社交媒体网络搜索中小企业推广的产品或服务时。基于营销传播理论开发新的研究模型,采用定量方法考察影响中小企业市场采用数字营销技术的因素。结果表明,信息可信度受到媒介可信度和消息可信度的显著影响。此外,研究令人惊讶地发现,信息可信度并没有对千禧一代在社交媒体营销平台上的采用产生直接的强烈影响。然而,研究发现,使用社交媒体营销策略来推广中小企业的产品和服务是有效的,特别是针对千禧一代的消费者群体,因为他们被认为是印尼市场上重要的数字原生代消费者。
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引用次数: 2
Pleasing Scents: The Effect of Gender Incongruent Scents on the Repurchase Intention of the Consumers 令人愉悦的气味:性别不一致的气味对消费者再购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.33844/MBR.2018.60257
Z. Afaq, Shahab Aziz, A. Sindhu, S. Bashir
The current research aims to outspread the sensory marketing research by (1) examining whether gender incongruent scents evoke nostalgia in the customers and secondly, by exploring if nostalgia can inflict feelings of pleasure and arousal and thus drives a consumer to develop a repurchase intention. The scent chosen was a masculine scent, targeted at female consumers of clothing outlets. A scent pretest was carried out to choose the most masculine, pleasing scent followed by an experiment conducted at the Malls of Twin Cities in which 288 participants participated. The data analysis was carried out using variance based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM). The results confirmed that gender incongruent scents may evoke nostalgia. Moreover, creating feelings of pleasure and arousal leads a consumer to develop a positive repurchase intention. The findings of the study are important for the marketers to consider atmospheric cues as effective marketing strategies for the customer engagement in the retail settings. The research signifies the importance of scents in developing pleasure and arousal in a consumer; however, this alone is not important to develop a repurchase intention. Gender incongruent scents in addition to other ambient cues may prove to be an effective marketing tool for the marketers.
本研究旨在扩展感官营销研究的范围:(1)研究性别不一致的气味是否会引起顾客的怀旧情绪;(2)探索怀旧情绪是否会给消费者带来愉悦和兴奋的感觉,从而促使消费者产生再购买意愿。选择的香味是一种男性香味,针对的是服装专卖店的女性消费者。研究人员先对气味进行预测,选出最男性化、最令人愉悦的气味,然后在双子城的购物中心进行实验,共有288名参与者参加。数据分析采用基于方差的偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLSSEM)。结果证实,性别不一致的气味可能会引起怀旧情绪。此外,创造快乐和兴奋的感觉会导致消费者产生积极的再购买意愿。研究结果对营销人员在零售环境中考虑将氛围线索作为有效的客户参与营销策略具有重要意义。这项研究表明,气味对消费者产生愉悦感和兴奋感的重要性;然而,仅凭这一点对形成回购意向并不重要。性别不一致的气味加上其他环境线索可能被证明是营销人员的有效营销工具。
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引用次数: 2
Marketing Strategies of Services and Purchasing Incentives in Asia 亚洲地区服务营销策略与购买激励
Pub Date : 2018-09-29 DOI: 10.35609/jmmr.2018.3.3(2)
Firend Al. R., Wang Qian
Objective - This research explores the changing mechanism in the relationship between retailers and consumers whereby consumers face higher-prices due to inflation while their earnings, and thereby their disposal income, does not simultaneously increase.Methodology/Technique - An examination is conducted on the use of loyalty cards in the Malaysian retail sector to determine whether Asian consumers are enticed by the use of loyalty programs, which can be seen as an attempt to save money when making purchases.Findings - The findings suggest that loyalty programs will expand in the future to include other offerings as they gain momentum and popularity. This research concludes that Malaysian consumers, like most of Southeast Asian consumers, are price adverse, and hence will take opportunities to save money when making purchases.Novelty - The findings of this research can be generalized to the Southeast Asian region due to the similarity of consumption and national characteristics between Malaysian and Southeast Asian consumers.Type of Paper: Empirical.Keywords: Marketing; Strategy; Incentives; Services; Retail; Loyalty, Asia.JEL Classification: M30. M31. M39
目的-本研究探讨了零售商和消费者之间关系的变化机制,即消费者由于通货膨胀而面临更高的价格,而他们的收入,从而他们的可支配收入,并没有同时增加。方法/技术-对马来西亚零售部门使用忠诚卡进行了检查,以确定亚洲消费者是否被使用忠诚计划所吸引,这可以被视为在购物时省钱的一种尝试。调查结果——调查结果表明,随着忠诚度计划的发展势头和受欢迎程度的提高,它将在未来扩展到其他产品。这项研究得出的结论是,马来西亚消费者和大多数东南亚消费者一样,对价格不感兴趣,因此在购物时会抓住机会省钱。新颖性-这项研究的结果可以推广到东南亚地区,因为马来西亚和东南亚消费者之间的消费和民族特征相似。论文类型:实证。关键词:销售;策略;激励机制;服务;零售;忠诚、亚洲。JEL分类:M30。M31。M39
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引用次数: 0
The Choice between Uniqueness and Conformity in Mass Customization 大规模定制中独特性与整合性的选择
Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12327
M. Zaggl, M. Hagenmaier, C. Raasch
Extant research emphasizes that consumers use mass customization toolkits to create products they consider to be unique, and that perceived uniqueness is an important part of customer value. This research investigates the conditions of the customer's quest for uniqueness. It is motivated by the observation that decisions are often driven by others’ choices and a desire to fit in, rather than to be distinct. We hypothesize that consumers are more inclined to choose uniqueness for hedonic product attributes but tend toward conformity in utilitarian attributes, and that consumers’ need for uniqueness and product involvement moderate the choice. In a series of experiments, we find support for most hypotheses. We introduce conformity as a driver of choice behavior in mass customization toolkits and suggest that mass customization can best be seen as enabling consumers’ preferred mix of uniqueness and conformity. Our results also inform managerial practice, highlighting that mass customization toolkits should consider customers’ uniqueness and conformity requirements. We suggest reducing the number of utilitarian options while increasing the variety for hedonic attributes.
现有的研究强调,消费者使用大规模定制工具包来创造他们认为独特的产品,而感知的独特性是客户价值的重要组成部分。这项研究调查了顾客追求独特性的条件。它的动机是观察到决策往往是由他人推动的’选择和渴望融入,而不是与众不同。我们假设消费者在享乐性产品属性上更倾向于选择独特性,而在功利性产品属性上更倾向于一致性,并且消费者’对独特性和产品参与的需求缓和了选择。在一系列实验中,我们发现大多数假设都得到了支持。我们在大规模定制工具包中引入一致性作为选择行为的驱动因素,并建议大规模定制最好被视为使消费者’喜欢独特和从众的组合。我们的研究结果也为管理实践提供了信息,强调大规模定制工具包应该考虑客户’唯一性和一致性要求。我们建议减少实用选项的数量,同时增加享乐属性的种类。
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引用次数: 20
Impact of Product-Related and Social Factors on Purchase Intention of Smart-Phone Buyers in Nepal 产品相关因素和社会因素对尼泊尔智能手机购买者购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3238642
Prof. Arhan Sthapit, PhD, Wilaiporn Laohakosol, Ayush Sharma
The paper examines the impact of product-related factors (price, quality, and country of origin, product feature) and social factors (social influence and compatibility) on the purchase intention of smart-phone buyers in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Based on the primary data survey method, questionnaires were administered on 340 graduate students of seven business schools inside the Kathmandu Valley selected through a judgmental sampling technique. The results of the causal-comparative analysis, based on correlation and regression analyses, showed that among the considered independent variables, compatibility, social influence and product features would significantly influence the purchase intention of the smart-phone buyers, while price, quality and country of origin had no significant relationship with the purchase intention. However, all the independent variables were found to be positively correlated with the purchase intention of smart-phone buyers. The implication of findings is that the Nepali buyers are more likely to purchase smart-phones if they find attractive product features compatible with their needs and social sphere.
本文考察了产品相关因素(价格、质量、原产国、产品特性)和社会因素(社会影响和兼容性)对尼泊尔加德满都谷地智能手机购买者购买意愿的影响。基于初级数据调查方法,通过判断抽样技术对加德满都谷地内7所商学院的340名研究生进行问卷调查。基于相关分析和回归分析的因果对比分析结果显示,在考虑的自变量中,兼容性、社会影响力和产品特性对智能手机购买者的购买意愿有显著影响,而价格、质量和原产国对购买意愿的影响不显著。然而,所有自变量都被发现与智能手机购买者的购买意愿呈正相关。研究结果的含义是,尼泊尔买家更有可能购买智能手机,如果他们发现有吸引力的产品功能符合他们的需求和社会领域。
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引用次数: 7
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Behavioral Marketing eJournal
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