Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131951
M. Baruah, B. Kalra, S. Kalra
{"title":"Quaternary prevention in medical nutrition therapy","authors":"M. Baruah, B. Kalra, S. Kalra","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126382311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131959
Arun Kumar, R. Jain, P. Khanna
Context: Adolescence is a period of transition and is associated with the risk of many nutrition and health-related problems. Teachers and grass root level health service providers i.e., multi-purpose health workers, being the key stakeholders, are expected to provide them nutrition and health guidance. Aims: To assess nutrition and health guidance to adolescents by their school teachers and multipurpose health workers. Settings and Design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural block in the field practice area attached to Department of Community Medicine, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak (India). Materials and Methods: All the multipurpose health workers (males and females) [i.e., MPHW (M and F)] who were working in the study area i.e., those posted at the sub-centers, Primary Health Centers, or Community Health Centers for more than 6 months were included in the study. For selecting the teachers, 4 large schools with strength of more than 250 students (2 Girls and 2 Boys Senior Secondary Schools) were randomly selected by simple random sampling. All the teachers who were teaching the standards 9 to 12 in those schools were also enrolled in the study. Thus, the study population comprised of 49 and 94 such workers and teachers, respectively. Data were collected with the help of predesigned, pre-tested, and semi-structured schedules by interviewing the study subjects. Statistical Analysis Used: Proportions, chi square test, Fisher exact test Results and Conclusion: Only 58/94 (61.7%) and 40/94 (42.6%) teachers stated to have provided guidance on substance abuse and HIV/AIDS/STDs/RTIs/Menstrual hygiene, respectively. Surprisingly, 35/49 (71.4%) workers provided guidance on nutrition and anemia to the adolescents, whereas only 10/49 (20.4%) and 11/49 (22.4%) workers provided the guidance on substance abuse and HIV/AIDS/STDs/RTIs/Menstrual hygiene, respectively.
{"title":"Pattern of nutrition and health guidance to adolescents by their teachers and multipurpose health workers in a rural block of district: Jhajjar (Haryana)","authors":"Arun Kumar, R. Jain, P. Khanna","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131959","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Adolescence is a period of transition and is associated with the risk of many nutrition and health-related problems. Teachers and grass root level health service providers i.e., multi-purpose health workers, being the key stakeholders, are expected to provide them nutrition and health guidance. Aims: To assess nutrition and health guidance to adolescents by their school teachers and multipurpose health workers. Settings and Design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural block in the field practice area attached to Department of Community Medicine, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak (India). Materials and Methods: All the multipurpose health workers (males and females) [i.e., MPHW (M and F)] who were working in the study area i.e., those posted at the sub-centers, Primary Health Centers, or Community Health Centers for more than 6 months were included in the study. For selecting the teachers, 4 large schools with strength of more than 250 students (2 Girls and 2 Boys Senior Secondary Schools) were randomly selected by simple random sampling. All the teachers who were teaching the standards 9 to 12 in those schools were also enrolled in the study. Thus, the study population comprised of 49 and 94 such workers and teachers, respectively. Data were collected with the help of predesigned, pre-tested, and semi-structured schedules by interviewing the study subjects. Statistical Analysis Used: Proportions, chi square test, Fisher exact test Results and Conclusion: Only 58/94 (61.7%) and 40/94 (42.6%) teachers stated to have provided guidance on substance abuse and HIV/AIDS/STDs/RTIs/Menstrual hygiene, respectively. Surprisingly, 35/49 (71.4%) workers provided guidance on nutrition and anemia to the adolescents, whereas only 10/49 (20.4%) and 11/49 (22.4%) workers provided the guidance on substance abuse and HIV/AIDS/STDs/RTIs/Menstrual hygiene, respectively.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127755530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131955
Manisha Naithani, J. Bharadwaj, Anshuman Darbari
Among cations of biologic importance, Magnesium (Mg) is the forgotten member, often labeled as fifth electrolyte and sometimes even as the body's 'orphan ion', because of an apparent lack of a specific endocrine control. Magnesium is an important co-factor in many enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Ionized Mg is the physiologically active form of the element. It has been mentioned in various epidemiological and correlation studies that low Magnesium status is widely prevalent. Data from many studies indicate that in about 60% of adults the Magnesium intakes from food do not meet the estimated average requirement. Recommended dietary allowance especially for Indians are still undefined.
{"title":"Magnesium: The fifth electrolyte","authors":"Manisha Naithani, J. Bharadwaj, Anshuman Darbari","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131955","url":null,"abstract":"Among cations of biologic importance, Magnesium (Mg) is the forgotten member, often labeled as fifth electrolyte and sometimes even as the body's 'orphan ion', because of an apparent lack of a specific endocrine control. Magnesium is an important co-factor in many enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Ionized Mg is the physiologically active form of the element. It has been mentioned in various epidemiological and correlation studies that low Magnesium status is widely prevalent. Data from many studies indicate that in about 60% of adults the Magnesium intakes from food do not meet the estimated average requirement. Recommended dietary allowance especially for Indians are still undefined.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134409807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131962
P. Giri, D. Phalke
Background: Infant feeding and complementary feeding practices are the determinants of growth and development. Inadequate nutrition contributes substantially to childhood death and disease. Restriction of diet during common childhood illnesses further compromises the nutritional status of the child. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the beliefs and practices among rural caregivers regarding diet during common childhood illnesses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatrics department of Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni from April to June 2012 by interviewing 200 caregivers of ill children. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire, which based on the beliefs and practices regarding dietary pattern in common childhood illnesses, was used to collect the data. Results were analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions whenever appropriate. Results: In this study, caregivers believed that a child must be fed less during illness. Majority (89%) believed that curd should be restricted during measles, and 69% and 72% believed that oily foods should be restricted during jaundice and fever, respectively. Feeding the child with khichadi (81.5%) was most preferred during measles, while banana (95%) was preferred food during diarrhea. About 32% preferred thinner consistency of food, and 21% believed that the breastfeeding should be decreased during illness. Conclusion: There is scope of improving feeding practices and to remove misbelieves among few caregivers. Health workers should educate elderly caregivers and mothers about the same.
{"title":"Beliefs and practices regarding diet in common childhood illnesses among rural caregivers","authors":"P. Giri, D. Phalke","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131962","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant feeding and complementary feeding practices are the determinants of growth and development. Inadequate nutrition contributes substantially to childhood death and disease. Restriction of diet during common childhood illnesses further compromises the nutritional status of the child. \u0000 Objectives: The present study aims to determine the beliefs and practices among rural caregivers regarding diet during common childhood illnesses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatrics department of Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni from April to June 2012 by interviewing 200 caregivers of ill children. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire, which based on the beliefs and practices regarding dietary pattern in common childhood illnesses, was used to collect the data. Results were analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions whenever appropriate. \u0000 Results: In this study, caregivers believed that a child must be fed less during illness. Majority (89%) believed that curd should be restricted during measles, and 69% and 72% believed that oily foods should be restricted during jaundice and fever, respectively. Feeding the child with khichadi (81.5%) was most preferred during measles, while banana (95%) was preferred food during diarrhea. About 32% preferred thinner consistency of food, and 21% believed that the breastfeeding should be decreased during illness. \u0000 Conclusion: There is scope of improving feeding practices and to remove misbelieves among few caregivers. Health workers should educate elderly caregivers and mothers about the same.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128906827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131964
N. K. Reddy, Tushima Mashelkar, S. Kalra
{"title":"Nutrition and Bhagavad Gita: The scientific evidence","authors":"N. K. Reddy, Tushima Mashelkar, S. Kalra","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127276358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131958
M. Zafar, Z. Fatmi, Khalid Shafi
Background: In Pakistan, poor infant and young child feeding practices are contributing to the burden of infectious diseases and malnutrition. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the determinants of selected feeding practices and key indicators of breastfeeding in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Total 5718 children aged 0 to 23 months from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey of 2006-2007 were included. WHO recommended infant and young child feeding indicators were estimated, and selected feeding indicators were examined against a set of individual-, household-, and community-level variables using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Only 26.3% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, 97.6% had ever breastfed, 92.5% were currently breastfeeding, and 62.7% were currently bottle feeding. Bottle feeding rates were higher among infants whose mothers partner had worked (OR = 1.66), had ever been employed (OR = 1.17), birth order > 5 (OR = 1.25) and in the Richest wealth quintiles (OR for the richest = 2.34). The likelihood of not initiating breastfeeding within first hour after birth was higher for mothers those who were not visited to the antenatal clinic (OR = 1.54), no post natal visits (OR = 1.45), working mother (OR = 1.76), delivery at facility based centre (OR = 1.95), richer households (OR = 1.77), birth order > 5 (OR = 1.67), and formally married women (OR = 2.31). Conclusions: Breastfeeding practice indicators suggest that there is need for promotion of correct/recommended breastfeeding practices in the community. Breast feeding promotion should targeted those women who have younger age and working in the urban areas.
{"title":"Determinants of child feeding practices in Pakistan; secondary data analysis of demographic and health survey 2006-07","authors":"M. Zafar, Z. Fatmi, Khalid Shafi","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131958","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Pakistan, poor infant and young child feeding practices are contributing to the burden of infectious diseases and malnutrition. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the determinants of selected feeding practices and key indicators of breastfeeding in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Total 5718 children aged 0 to 23 months from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey of 2006-2007 were included. WHO recommended infant and young child feeding indicators were estimated, and selected feeding indicators were examined against a set of individual-, household-, and community-level variables using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Only 26.3% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, 97.6% had ever breastfed, 92.5% were currently breastfeeding, and 62.7% were currently bottle feeding. Bottle feeding rates were higher among infants whose mothers partner had worked (OR = 1.66), had ever been employed (OR = 1.17), birth order > 5 (OR = 1.25) and in the Richest wealth quintiles (OR for the richest = 2.34). The likelihood of not initiating breastfeeding within first hour after birth was higher for mothers those who were not visited to the antenatal clinic (OR = 1.54), no post natal visits (OR = 1.45), working mother (OR = 1.76), delivery at facility based centre (OR = 1.95), richer households (OR = 1.77), birth order > 5 (OR = 1.67), and formally married women (OR = 2.31). Conclusions: Breastfeeding practice indicators suggest that there is need for promotion of correct/recommended breastfeeding practices in the community. Breast feeding promotion should targeted those women who have younger age and working in the urban areas.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114256584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131965
G. Bhutani, P. Verma
{"title":"Throwing light on excessive fat consumption in pregnancy","authors":"G. Bhutani, P. Verma","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131967
M. Al-Mendalawi
{"title":"Assessment of obesity in school children","authors":"M. Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131957
S. Scrivens
This review forms part of a series on Eponyms in Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals. The Ketogenic Diet (KD), a therapeutic diet for seizure control in intractable epilepsy, works on the principle of producing ketones as the body's main energy source as opposed to glucose by means of a high fat diet with limited protein and minimal carbohydrate (CHO). A >90% reduction in seizure frequency ranging from 31% to 86% has been recorded in patients following the KD for 3 months and >6 years respectively. Short- and long-term side effects include dehydration, kidney stones, and restricted growth with 82% of children following the KD for >6 years being under the 10 th centile for height and weight. Side effects of the KD must be weighed up against benefits in terms of quality of life gained through reduction in seizures.
{"title":"Eponyms in medical nutrition and nutraceuticals: The Ketogenic diet for seizure control","authors":"S. Scrivens","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131957","url":null,"abstract":"This review forms part of a series on Eponyms in Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals. The Ketogenic Diet (KD), a therapeutic diet for seizure control in intractable epilepsy, works on the principle of producing ketones as the body's main energy source as opposed to glucose by means of a high fat diet with limited protein and minimal carbohydrate (CHO). A >90% reduction in seizure frequency ranging from 31% to 86% has been recorded in patients following the KD for 3 months and >6 years respectively. Short- and long-term side effects include dehydration, kidney stones, and restricted growth with 82% of children following the KD for >6 years being under the 10 th centile for height and weight. Side effects of the KD must be weighed up against benefits in terms of quality of life gained through reduction in seizures.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115929136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.131953
V. Chaudhary, S. Bano
There have been many nutritional aspects in diagnostic radiology, which have always been of interest to the clinicians as well as to the patients. Some of the important nutrition-related aspects in radiological investigations are discussed here.
{"title":"Nutritional considerations in modern radiology","authors":"V. Chaudhary, S. Bano","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.131953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.131953","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many nutritional aspects in diagnostic radiology, which have always been of interest to the clinicians as well as to the patients. Some of the important nutrition-related aspects in radiological investigations are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130817544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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