There is a growing concern of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with several extra-skeletal pathological states, ranging from immune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disorders (coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension), infections (viral and bacterial), endocrine disorders (growth failure, infertility in males, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), neuro-psychiatric, and neuro-degenerative disorders, renal disorders, chronic lung disorders to cancer. Besides its positive effects on the musculo-skeletal system, vitamin D has shown to take an active part in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. It has been shown to control approximately 3% of the human genes directly or indirectly. Although there is a strong body of evidence toward implication of vitamin& D deficiency with several extra-skeletal disorders, it remains unclear if vitamin D supplementation may slow down, halt or even reverse the disease processes. This review aims to discuss the potential associations of vitamin D with various extra-skeletal disorders.
{"title":"Vitamin D: Extra-skeletal effects","authors":"Vishal Gupta","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.94632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.94632","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with several extra-skeletal pathological states, ranging from immune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disorders (coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension), infections (viral and bacterial), endocrine disorders (growth failure, infertility in males, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), neuro-psychiatric, and neuro-degenerative disorders, renal disorders, chronic lung disorders to cancer. Besides its positive effects on the musculo-skeletal system, vitamin D has shown to take an active part in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. It has been shown to control approximately 3% of the human genes directly or indirectly. Although there is a strong body of evidence toward implication of vitamin& D deficiency with several extra-skeletal disorders, it remains unclear if vitamin D supplementation may slow down, halt or even reverse the disease processes. This review aims to discuss the potential associations of vitamin D with various extra-skeletal disorders.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122677749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.151810
M. Nimesh, A. Dubey, U. Jhamb
{"title":"After-effect of empirical vitamin-D therapy: Vitamin-D intoxication","authors":"M. Nimesh, A. Dubey, U. Jhamb","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.151810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.151810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.123450
Sabitha Palazhy, P. Kamath, D. Vasudevan
Background : Coconut oil is the major cooking oil used by the people of Kerala. On account of its hypercholesterolemic effects, people are shifting to sunflower oil as an alternate cooking medium. The effect of dietary fats on small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a newly recognized cardiovascular risk factor, has not been thoroughly investigated in this population. Materials and Methods : We compared the effect of these two cooking oils on apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio, which is a surrogate for small, dense LDL particles, among 62 control subjects and 64 subjects with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into two subgroups based on the type of cooking medium used (coconut oil/sunflower oil). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apo B were estimated, and the LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio was calculated from these estimations. Results : Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apo B concentrations were significantly higher among diabetic subjects compared to the control groups. A predominance of small, dense LDL particles indicated by low LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio was observed among subjects of both control and diabetic groups. These parameters were not significantly different between subjects with the same clinical condition, but using different cooking media. Conclusions : Small, dense LDL particles could be a major risk factor in this population, given its high prevalence in the study population. As the parameters studied did not differ significantly between the subgroups, it may be concluded that a change in the type of cooking medium has not considerably affected these parameters.
{"title":"Assessment of small, dense LDL particles among subjects consuming coconut oil or sunflower oil as cooking medium by using LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio as a surrogate marker","authors":"Sabitha Palazhy, P. Kamath, D. Vasudevan","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.123450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.123450","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Coconut oil is the major cooking oil used by the people of Kerala. On account of its hypercholesterolemic effects, people are shifting to sunflower oil as an alternate cooking medium. The effect of dietary fats on small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a newly recognized cardiovascular risk factor, has not been thoroughly investigated in this population. Materials and Methods : We compared the effect of these two cooking oils on apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio, which is a surrogate for small, dense LDL particles, among 62 control subjects and 64 subjects with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into two subgroups based on the type of cooking medium used (coconut oil/sunflower oil). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apo B were estimated, and the LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio was calculated from these estimations. Results : Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apo B concentrations were significantly higher among diabetic subjects compared to the control groups. A predominance of small, dense LDL particles indicated by low LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apo B ratio was observed among subjects of both control and diabetic groups. These parameters were not significantly different between subjects with the same clinical condition, but using different cooking media. Conclusions : Small, dense LDL particles could be a major risk factor in this population, given its high prevalence in the study population. As the parameters studied did not differ significantly between the subgroups, it may be concluded that a change in the type of cooking medium has not considerably affected these parameters.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.146144
S. Kalra, B. Kalra, Y. Gupta
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended a reduction in intake of sugars, for both adults and children, to maintain oral and metabolic health. The WHO strongly recommends that the intake of free sugars should not exceed 10% of total energy intake, and “conditionally recommends,” or suggests, a further reduction to 5% of total energy. For a 2000 calorie daily diet, this means that not more than 200, and preferably only 100 calories should come from free sugars. In everyday terms, this is equivalent to 50 g and 25 g, or 10 and 5 teaspoonfuls, respectively, of sugar, every day.
{"title":"Reduce free sugars for a healthy life","authors":"S. Kalra, B. Kalra, Y. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.146144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.146144","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended a reduction in intake of sugars, for both adults and children, to maintain oral and metabolic health. The WHO strongly recommends that the intake of free sugars should not exceed 10% of total energy intake, and “conditionally recommends,” or suggests, a further reduction to 5% of total energy. For a 2000 calorie daily diet, this means that not more than 200, and preferably only 100 calories should come from free sugars. In everyday terms, this is equivalent to 50 g and 25 g, or 10 and 5 teaspoonfuls, respectively, of sugar, every day.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127718996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.151799
A. Unnikrishnan, A. Bhatt, GauriAmit Kukade, Tushima Mashelkar
{"title":"Resolution of severe hyperglycemia by a balanced low-calorie diet in type 2 diabetes","authors":"A. Unnikrishnan, A. Bhatt, GauriAmit Kukade, Tushima Mashelkar","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.151799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.151799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116962735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A journey: From granny's kitchen to state-of-the-art laboratory","authors":"M. Baruah, B. Kalra, R. Sahay","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.94625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.94625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127116423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.123444
S. Dhole, Vinod D Mundada
Background : Traditionally, a fat child is considered as an 'attractive' child and is often referred to as a 'healthy' child, one who is likely to survive the rigors of undernourishment and infection. The obesity has been defined as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired. Obesity can be seen as the first wave of a defined cluster of non communicable diseases called New World Syndrome creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in poorer countries. Objective : To study the prevalence of childhood obesity in study area. Materials and Methods : The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Municipal Corporation area among school going children during the period of 1 st Sept 2009 to 31 st August 2010. We prepared the list of children, roll number wise from selected school. Four hundred school children were included in study (286 from government school and 114 from private school). Selection was done by systematic sampling method. First we selected 10 th roll number and then every 10 th roll number children was included in the study. Those children who were absent on the day of survey were not included. The weight and height was measurement by the investigator himself to avoid possible observer's bias. Shoes, Chapels were removed before taking the weight and weight. Results and Conclusion : The study conducted among a sample of 400 school children of Municipal corporation area revealed that 30 (7.5%) of the children were overweight, 25 (6.3%) were obese and 345 (86.3%) of them were normal. Out of a total of 400 children screened, 206 (51.5%) were girls and 194 (48.5%) were boys. Among the total girls, 10.2% were overweight and 6.3% were obese, 83.5% were normal. Similarly, among total boys 4.6% were overweight and 6.2% were obese, 89.2% were normal. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in girls than boys. Difference in the distribution of children according to sex was not statistically significant. The age group of 13-14 years showed highest prevalence in overweight (18%) and obesity (9%).
{"title":"Assessment of obesity in school children","authors":"S. Dhole, Vinod D Mundada","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.123444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.123444","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Traditionally, a fat child is considered as an 'attractive' child and is often referred to as a 'healthy' child, one who is likely to survive the rigors of undernourishment and infection. The obesity has been defined as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired. Obesity can be seen as the first wave of a defined cluster of non communicable diseases called New World Syndrome creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in poorer countries. Objective : To study the prevalence of childhood obesity in study area. Materials and Methods : The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Municipal Corporation area among school going children during the period of 1 st Sept 2009 to 31 st August 2010. We prepared the list of children, roll number wise from selected school. Four hundred school children were included in study (286 from government school and 114 from private school). Selection was done by systematic sampling method. First we selected 10 th roll number and then every 10 th roll number children was included in the study. Those children who were absent on the day of survey were not included. The weight and height was measurement by the investigator himself to avoid possible observer's bias. Shoes, Chapels were removed before taking the weight and weight. Results and Conclusion : The study conducted among a sample of 400 school children of Municipal corporation area revealed that 30 (7.5%) of the children were overweight, 25 (6.3%) were obese and 345 (86.3%) of them were normal. Out of a total of 400 children screened, 206 (51.5%) were girls and 194 (48.5%) were boys. Among the total girls, 10.2% were overweight and 6.3% were obese, 83.5% were normal. Similarly, among total boys 4.6% were overweight and 6.2% were obese, 89.2% were normal. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in girls than boys. Difference in the distribution of children according to sex was not statistically significant. The age group of 13-14 years showed highest prevalence in overweight (18%) and obesity (9%).","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133725189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.105329
A. Chander, R. Chopra, N. Batra
Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in India and other developing countries. The ocular manifestations of vitamin A are collectively called xerophthalmia and range from conjunctival xerosis to severe blinding complications such as keratomalacia. Vitamin A deficiency exists as a major public health nutrition problem among preschool-aged children, especially in the South East Asian region, as well as among the pregnant and lactating women. Deficiency can be diagnosed by the ocular manifestations such as Bitot's spots, serum retinol levels, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Improving vitamin A status in the diet or by periodic administration of vitamin A to children can reduce both mortality and blindness. This review is an attempt to highlight the ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency, its prevalence, treatment, and preventive strategies.
{"title":"Vitamin A deficiency: An eye sore","authors":"A. Chander, R. Chopra, N. Batra","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.105329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.105329","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in India and other developing countries. The ocular manifestations of vitamin A are collectively called xerophthalmia and range from conjunctival xerosis to severe blinding complications such as keratomalacia. Vitamin A deficiency exists as a major public health nutrition problem among preschool-aged children, especially in the South East Asian region, as well as among the pregnant and lactating women. Deficiency can be diagnosed by the ocular manifestations such as Bitot's spots, serum retinol levels, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Improving vitamin A status in the diet or by periodic administration of vitamin A to children can reduce both mortality and blindness. This review is an attempt to highlight the ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency, its prevalence, treatment, and preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114796692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.146161
S. Sibilla, M. Borumand
Context: Many people around the world strive to achieve younger-looking skin. This is often promised by topical treatments. Oral treatments for skin ageing have been unsuccessful due to their constituents being broken down by acid and enzymes in the gut; however several studies have shown that hydrolyzed collagen is absorbed in the gut and then delivered to skin and joints through the blood stream. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether an oral nutritional supplement drink containing hydrolyzed collagen and other specific ingredients reported to have antiageing properties, would have a positive effect on skin wrinkling, elasticity and hydration. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on healthy subjects to assess whether this oral supplement could improve certain specific skin properties of post-menopausal women, namely depth of facial wrinkles, skin elasticity and hydration. Results: The evidence provided here proves that the combination of specific ingredients present in this nutritional drink acts to significantly reduce the depth of facial wrinkles and increase skin elasticity and hydration. Conclusions: This study shows that the oral nutritional supplement consisting of hydrolyzed collagen, hyaluronic acid, and essential vitamins and minerals, leads to a significant improvement in wrinkle depth. It is also able to induce noticeable improvement in elasticity and hydration of the skin.
{"title":"Effects of a nutritional supplement containing collagen peptides on skin elasticity, hydration and wrinkles","authors":"S. Sibilla, M. Borumand","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.146161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.146161","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Many people around the world strive to achieve younger-looking skin. This is often promised by topical treatments. Oral treatments for skin ageing have been unsuccessful due to their constituents being broken down by acid and enzymes in the gut; however several studies have shown that hydrolyzed collagen is absorbed in the gut and then delivered to skin and joints through the blood stream. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether an oral nutritional supplement drink containing hydrolyzed collagen and other specific ingredients reported to have antiageing properties, would have a positive effect on skin wrinkling, elasticity and hydration. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on healthy subjects to assess whether this oral supplement could improve certain specific skin properties of post-menopausal women, namely depth of facial wrinkles, skin elasticity and hydration. Results: The evidence provided here proves that the combination of specific ingredients present in this nutritional drink acts to significantly reduce the depth of facial wrinkles and increase skin elasticity and hydration. Conclusions: This study shows that the oral nutritional supplement consisting of hydrolyzed collagen, hyaluronic acid, and essential vitamins and minerals, leads to a significant improvement in wrinkle depth. It is also able to induce noticeable improvement in elasticity and hydration of the skin.","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121834912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2278-019X.123453
Divyansh Bajaj, J. Bhutani, Sukriti Bhutani
{"title":"Undergraduate medical education in India: Role of nutrition","authors":"Divyansh Bajaj, J. Bhutani, Sukriti Bhutani","doi":"10.4103/2278-019X.123453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.123453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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