Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555423
H. Mcheick, Houssam Hajj Hassan, Hanane Kteich
In this paper we present an application for COVID-19 contact tracing based on device-to-device technology. This paradigm allows communication between two devices without the need for network infrastructure. Recently, various technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct have been used in this field. Our approach is based on Wi-Fi Direct. We first explore similar approaches that have been developed. We then present the architecture of the proposed application and show a prototype implementation.
{"title":"D2D Communication: COVID-19 Contact Tracing Application Using Wi-Fi Direct","authors":"H. Mcheick, Houssam Hajj Hassan, Hanane Kteich","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555423","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an application for COVID-19 contact tracing based on device-to-device technology. This paradigm allows communication between two devices without the need for network infrastructure. Recently, various technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct have been used in this field. Our approach is based on Wi-Fi Direct. We first explore similar approaches that have been developed. We then present the architecture of the proposed application and show a prototype implementation.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122521929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555433
Raouia Masmoudi Ghodhbane
This paper deals with a power allocation optimization problem in a Cognitive Radio (CR) system composed of opportunistic unlicensed users called secondary users (SUs) and primary users (PUs) owning the spectrum licence. When the SU is allowed to transmit, these constraints guarantee: a maximum average transmit power and the protection of the PUs by maximum average interference levels at the PUs receivers. We study this optimization problem in a mix between underlay access strategy, where spectrum is always accessible to the SU subject to an interference constraint at the PU, and overlay access strategy where the secondary service accesses to the spectrum only during the idle periods. Thus, we propose a novel algorithm by taking into account the combination between idle and busy periods of the PUs. The performance of the maximum achievable capacity of the SU is illustrated for different interference power parameters. The simulation results show that the underlay behavior of the mixed strategy is dominant for very low interference and for very high interference, the overlay behavior of the mixed strategy is dominant.
{"title":"A Mixed Spectrum Sharing Strategy for Cognitive Radio Systems","authors":"Raouia Masmoudi Ghodhbane","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a power allocation optimization problem in a Cognitive Radio (CR) system composed of opportunistic unlicensed users called secondary users (SUs) and primary users (PUs) owning the spectrum licence. When the SU is allowed to transmit, these constraints guarantee: a maximum average transmit power and the protection of the PUs by maximum average interference levels at the PUs receivers. We study this optimization problem in a mix between underlay access strategy, where spectrum is always accessible to the SU subject to an interference constraint at the PU, and overlay access strategy where the secondary service accesses to the spectrum only during the idle periods. Thus, we propose a novel algorithm by taking into account the combination between idle and busy periods of the PUs. The performance of the maximum achievable capacity of the SU is illustrated for different interference power parameters. The simulation results show that the underlay behavior of the mixed strategy is dominant for very low interference and for very high interference, the overlay behavior of the mixed strategy is dominant.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127549603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555432
Syed Rameem Zahra, M. Chishti, A. Baba, Fan Wu
The global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded the limits of logic, province, concept, and spirituality. The COVID-19 has, along with its high rate of infection and mortality, induced the psychosocial effect of mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses in universal terms. It has not only taken the lives of millions of people but has tipped billions into poverty by taking away their livelihoods. Fortunately, the time of this pandemic collided with the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. By having the ability to blend the aspects of technology, economy and people’s requirements together, IoT can help in cushioning the drastic impact of Covid-19 on peoples’ psyche. This paper has been written to identify this impact. It also proposes an IoT based solution to stabilize the patients suffering from covid-19-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety.
{"title":"Cushioning the Impact of Covid-19 on the Psyche of Individuals by Using Internet of Things","authors":"Syed Rameem Zahra, M. Chishti, A. Baba, Fan Wu","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555432","url":null,"abstract":"The global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded the limits of logic, province, concept, and spirituality. The COVID-19 has, along with its high rate of infection and mortality, induced the psychosocial effect of mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses in universal terms. It has not only taken the lives of millions of people but has tipped billions into poverty by taking away their livelihoods. Fortunately, the time of this pandemic collided with the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. By having the ability to blend the aspects of technology, economy and people’s requirements together, IoT can help in cushioning the drastic impact of Covid-19 on peoples’ psyche. This paper has been written to identify this impact. It also proposes an IoT based solution to stabilize the patients suffering from covid-19-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126025949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555428
A. Fornés-Leal, R. Usach, C. Palau, M. Esteve, D. Lioprasitis, A. Priovolos, G. Gardikis, Spyros Pantazis, S. Costicoglou, A. Perentos, E. Hadjioannou, M. Georgiades, Alexander Phinikarides
This paper shows how the Open5GENESIS suite can be used for executing 5G experiments at rural and underserved areas, integrating technologies such as edge computing and satellite backhaul. The use case considered is a smart farming application for weed detection, realized by means of Virtualized Network Functions and tailored functions. The 5GENESIS experimentation methodology is summarized, showing its flexibility for orchestrating, managing and retrieving metrics of this particular experiment. Results show that the use of edge computing in the use case considered reduces the end-to-end latency significantly.
{"title":"Deployment of 5G Experiments on Underserved Areas using the Open5GENESIS Suite","authors":"A. Fornés-Leal, R. Usach, C. Palau, M. Esteve, D. Lioprasitis, A. Priovolos, G. Gardikis, Spyros Pantazis, S. Costicoglou, A. Perentos, E. Hadjioannou, M. Georgiades, Alexander Phinikarides","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555428","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows how the Open5GENESIS suite can be used for executing 5G experiments at rural and underserved areas, integrating technologies such as edge computing and satellite backhaul. The use case considered is a smart farming application for weed detection, realized by means of Virtualized Network Functions and tailored functions. The 5GENESIS experimentation methodology is summarized, showing its flexibility for orchestrating, managing and retrieving metrics of this particular experiment. Results show that the use of edge computing in the use case considered reduces the end-to-end latency significantly.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555408
Christian Überall, M. Bartholet, Roman Khudaybergenov
The automation of the production is needed to guarantee that the non-value-added activities are reduced to a minimum. Manufacturing systems like MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) can plan production processes that consist of several production process steps. However, these systems cannot inform a production machine to continue or start the production process automatically. This paper will present a technique that covers this kind of problem by using the lightweight MQTT protocol. The presented research/system offers the possibility to implement an event-driven approach to enable automated production without solid knowledge in programming easily (e.g., PLC programming).
{"title":"Smart & automated production based on MQTT","authors":"Christian Überall, M. Bartholet, Roman Khudaybergenov","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555408","url":null,"abstract":"The automation of the production is needed to guarantee that the non-value-added activities are reduced to a minimum. Manufacturing systems like MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) can plan production processes that consist of several production process steps. However, these systems cannot inform a production machine to continue or start the production process automatically. This paper will present a technique that covers this kind of problem by using the lightweight MQTT protocol. The presented research/system offers the possibility to implement an event-driven approach to enable automated production without solid knowledge in programming easily (e.g., PLC programming).","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555415
Marian Ulbricht, J. Acevedo, Surik Krdoyan, F. Fitzek
The rapid advance of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in the Industrial Internet Of Things (IIoT) environment is accelerating the fourth industrial revolution, collectively known as Industry 4.0. With greater numbers of CPSs at the field level, an increasing number of solutions from Information Technology (IT) are finding application in Operation Technology (OT). Technology diffusion is hindered by the strong boundary between IT and OT. Due to the lack of real-time capable communication in IT, this strong boundary is formed. With the extension of standard Ethernet, which dominates the communication in IT, by the missing real-time mechanisms, a convergent network from the field to the cloud is being created. Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) refers to the real-time Ethernet according to IEEE802.1Q. With TSN, the boundary between IT and OT will become much blurrier and applications and products from IT will be able to find their way into OT much more easily. This paper focuses on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products that can be safely deployed in OT environments with appropriate real-time communication. In particular, the critical and essential aspect of time synchronization, which allows secure participation in the OT network in the first place, is examined in more detail. As a IT cross-border enabler platform of IT applications in field of OT, the Raspberry Pi is used with an expansion board for TSN communication.
{"title":"Precise fruits: Hardware supported time-synchronisation on the RaspberryPI","authors":"Marian Ulbricht, J. Acevedo, Surik Krdoyan, F. Fitzek","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555415","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advance of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in the Industrial Internet Of Things (IIoT) environment is accelerating the fourth industrial revolution, collectively known as Industry 4.0. With greater numbers of CPSs at the field level, an increasing number of solutions from Information Technology (IT) are finding application in Operation Technology (OT). Technology diffusion is hindered by the strong boundary between IT and OT. Due to the lack of real-time capable communication in IT, this strong boundary is formed. With the extension of standard Ethernet, which dominates the communication in IT, by the missing real-time mechanisms, a convergent network from the field to the cloud is being created. Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) refers to the real-time Ethernet according to IEEE802.1Q. With TSN, the boundary between IT and OT will become much blurrier and applications and products from IT will be able to find their way into OT much more easily. This paper focuses on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products that can be safely deployed in OT environments with appropriate real-time communication. In particular, the critical and essential aspect of time synchronization, which allows secure participation in the OT network in the first place, is examined in more detail. As a IT cross-border enabler platform of IT applications in field of OT, the Raspberry Pi is used with an expansion board for TSN communication.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122067256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555420
Safaa S. Qasim Al-Maliki, Junhui Zhao, Zaid H. Ali
This document proposes methodologies for the design and operation of a microgrid (MG) for the main campus of the University of New Haven. In this MG, a battery power storage system (BESS), photovoltaic production systems (PV) and controllable loads are included. Intense penetration of the PV may cause overvoltage problems in this MG. A new operational strategy is being considered by coordinating the BESS, PV, and loads to prevent overvoltages and ensure this MG’s safe operation. In this operational strategy, subsidence regulators have been implemented to provide appropriate references to PV and BESS to maintain MG voltage within the safety range. PV output may be reduced to ensure voltage security. The work was audited according to a variable solar irradiation scenario.
{"title":"Campus Microgrid-Design and Secure Operation to Prevent Overvoltage","authors":"Safaa S. Qasim Al-Maliki, Junhui Zhao, Zaid H. Ali","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555420","url":null,"abstract":"This document proposes methodologies for the design and operation of a microgrid (MG) for the main campus of the University of New Haven. In this MG, a battery power storage system (BESS), photovoltaic production systems (PV) and controllable loads are included. Intense penetration of the PV may cause overvoltage problems in this MG. A new operational strategy is being considered by coordinating the BESS, PV, and loads to prevent overvoltages and ensure this MG’s safe operation. In this operational strategy, subsidence regulators have been implemented to provide appropriate references to PV and BESS to maintain MG voltage within the safety range. PV output may be reduced to ensure voltage security. The work was audited according to a variable solar irradiation scenario.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114186712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial applications are moving towards deployment using the microservice architecture. These microservices heavily rely on the networking stack for communication which, along with the container abstraction layer causes a significant overhead. With increasing core count on modern processors, these microservices are likely to be scheduled on the same host. In this paper, we attempt to analyze and optimize inter-microservice communication on the same host. We characterize three popular communication protocols - REST, gRPC, and Thrift, in terms of their network, memory, CPU utilization, and response time. Our studies showed that Thrift and gRPC are relatively faster than REST and hence, suitable for inter-microservice interactions owing to their speeds and compression. We leverage the shared memory between the microservices on the same host, using Unix Domain Sockets along with appropriate NUMA tuning that achieved an 86.48% reduction in response time.
{"title":"Performance Characterization of Communication Protocols in Microservice Applications","authors":"Prajwal Kiran Kumar, Radhika Agarwal, Rahul Shivaprasad, D. Sitaram, Subramaniam Kalambur","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555425","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial applications are moving towards deployment using the microservice architecture. These microservices heavily rely on the networking stack for communication which, along with the container abstraction layer causes a significant overhead. With increasing core count on modern processors, these microservices are likely to be scheduled on the same host. In this paper, we attempt to analyze and optimize inter-microservice communication on the same host. We characterize three popular communication protocols - REST, gRPC, and Thrift, in terms of their network, memory, CPU utilization, and response time. Our studies showed that Thrift and gRPC are relatively faster than REST and hence, suitable for inter-microservice interactions owing to their speeds and compression. We leverage the shared memory between the microservices on the same host, using Unix Domain Sockets along with appropriate NUMA tuning that achieved an 86.48% reduction in response time.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124653659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555411
Kinan Ghanem, Jidapa Hansawangkit, R. Asif, Stephen Ugwuanyi, Ross McPherson, J. Irvine
This work is based on the contributions and analysis from several ongoing technical projects and research activities of applying several security approaches in smart grid, namely, secondary substation of the future. The bandwidth requirements of Secure Authentication (SA), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) encryption needed to secure future smart grid is presented along with a comparison between overheads from each security technique. Recommendations and discussions that cover the main challenges and prospects for the appropriate security approach for secondary substations are also presented.
{"title":"Bandwidth Efficient Secure Authentication and Encryption Techniques on IEC-60870-5-104 for Remote Outstations","authors":"Kinan Ghanem, Jidapa Hansawangkit, R. Asif, Stephen Ugwuanyi, Ross McPherson, J. Irvine","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555411","url":null,"abstract":"This work is based on the contributions and analysis from several ongoing technical projects and research activities of applying several security approaches in smart grid, namely, secondary substation of the future. The bandwidth requirements of Secure Authentication (SA), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) encryption needed to secure future smart grid is presented along with a comparison between overheads from each security technique. Recommendations and discussions that cover the main challenges and prospects for the appropriate security approach for secondary substations are also presented.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131347592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555410
Stephen Ugwuanyi, J. Irvine
The requirements of industrial, consumer or generic Internet of Things (IoT) networks are evolving due to advances in sensor and wireless networks, embedded systems, edge and cloud computing. IoT is becoming increasingly pervasive in the industrial domain, and these networks face the additional challenge of evolving network architecture towards integrating Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) networks. This paper analyses the underpinning cybersecurity risks and attack landscape in Industrial IoT (IIoT) and suggests potential countermeasure opportunities for future hybrid IoT applications based on lessons from IIoT projects.
{"title":"Industrial and Consumer Internet of Things: Cyber Security Considerations, Threat Landscape, and Countermeasure Opportunities","authors":"Stephen Ugwuanyi, J. Irvine","doi":"10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartNets50376.2021.9555410","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements of industrial, consumer or generic Internet of Things (IoT) networks are evolving due to advances in sensor and wireless networks, embedded systems, edge and cloud computing. IoT is becoming increasingly pervasive in the industrial domain, and these networks face the additional challenge of evolving network architecture towards integrating Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) networks. This paper analyses the underpinning cybersecurity risks and attack landscape in Industrial IoT (IIoT) and suggests potential countermeasure opportunities for future hybrid IoT applications based on lessons from IIoT projects.","PeriodicalId":443191,"journal":{"name":"2021 International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets)","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123268671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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