Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2021.117385
Inderpreet Singh, S. Gandhi
Today, it is normal. These environment issues are basic i.e., a dangerous atmospheric deviation, squander removal, environmental change, and contamination and so forth are influencing our day by day life. Green promoting alludes to the selling of items or administrations dependent on their ecological advantages, for example, the gift to decreasing natural contamination and safety measure of corruption. At this point numerous corporate are still wait to utilise green promoting rehearses significantly after government orders. Green advertising is the showcasing of merchandise and ventures that should be sold for condition. It incorporates a whole procedure of item creating to providing in advertise. For example, crude material utilised in item, innovation, bundling and dispersion. It is likewise called environmental.
{"title":"An analysis of consumer behaviour of green marketing","authors":"Inderpreet Singh, S. Gandhi","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2021.117385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2021.117385","url":null,"abstract":"Today, it is normal. These environment issues are basic i.e., a dangerous atmospheric deviation, squander removal, environmental change, and contamination and so forth are influencing our day by day life. Green promoting alludes to the selling of items or administrations dependent on their ecological advantages, for example, the gift to decreasing natural contamination and safety measure of corruption. At this point numerous corporate are still wait to utilise green promoting rehearses significantly after government orders. Green advertising is the showcasing of merchandise and ventures that should be sold for condition. It incorporates a whole procedure of item creating to providing in advertise. For example, crude material utilised in item, innovation, bundling and dispersion. It is likewise called environmental.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114234504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2021.117384
Koorosh Gharehbaghi, K. Tee, Sara Gharehbaghi
This paper will review a number of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) case studies to further determine their overall structural integrity performance. These studies looked at a different approach in identifying the structural capabilities and characteristics of the geopolymer, including overall compressive and shear assessments. The review of these research indicated that the structural, and load bearing capabilities of the geopolymer specimens were generally elevated. Based on such findings, it can be determined that generally GPC elements can be designed in the same manner as Portland Cement (PC) members. However, to further alleviating GPC predicaments, an extensive research which includes significant number of different test samples, is required. Subsequently, this would lead to further improving the accuracy in predicting failure points and the bond strength of the GPC. As a result, future research will secure the attention of the wider industry sectors by providing evidence which highlight the structural reliability of GPC.
{"title":"Review of geopolymer concrete: a structural integrity evaluation","authors":"Koorosh Gharehbaghi, K. Tee, Sara Gharehbaghi","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2021.117384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2021.117384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will review a number of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) case studies to further determine their overall structural integrity performance. These studies looked at a different approach in identifying the structural capabilities and characteristics of the geopolymer, including overall compressive and shear assessments. The review of these research indicated that the structural, and load bearing capabilities of the geopolymer specimens were generally elevated. Based on such findings, it can be determined that generally GPC elements can be designed in the same manner as Portland Cement (PC) members. However, to further alleviating GPC predicaments, an extensive research which includes significant number of different test samples, is required. Subsequently, this would lead to further improving the accuracy in predicting failure points and the bond strength of the GPC. As a result, future research will secure the attention of the wider industry sectors by providing evidence which highlight the structural reliability of GPC.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"70 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2021.117387
G. Desmoulin, T. Milner, Marc-André Nolette, K. Bird, E. Cepuš
Despite significant progress in aircraft crashworthiness, unexpected and oddly serious injuries are sometimes seen in otherwise survivable incidents. In one such case, a small fixed-wing aircraft crash-landed on a sand bar before flipping onto its roof, causing a spinal cord injury to one of four occupants while others only suffered minor injuries. An injury biomechanics investigation revealed that the L1 wedge fracture suffered by the victim was associated with axial compression combined with anterior flexion of the spine which would likely have been caused by the plane's flipping motion. Calculations revealed that these stresses would only have been present at the end of the flip when the plane landed on its wing and the victim impacted the ceiling of the aircraft upon the failure of his seatbelt. Further inspection then revealed a flaw in the seatbelt's attachment which may have caused it to come undone during the landing.
{"title":"Injury biomechanics in aircraft crash-landing reconstruction","authors":"G. Desmoulin, T. Milner, Marc-André Nolette, K. Bird, E. Cepuš","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2021.117387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2021.117387","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant progress in aircraft crashworthiness, unexpected and oddly serious injuries are sometimes seen in otherwise survivable incidents. In one such case, a small fixed-wing aircraft crash-landed on a sand bar before flipping onto its roof, causing a spinal cord injury to one of four occupants while others only suffered minor injuries. An injury biomechanics investigation revealed that the L1 wedge fracture suffered by the victim was associated with axial compression combined with anterior flexion of the spine which would likely have been caused by the plane's flipping motion. Calculations revealed that these stresses would only have been present at the end of the flip when the plane landed on its wing and the victim impacted the ceiling of the aircraft upon the failure of his seatbelt. Further inspection then revealed a flaw in the seatbelt's attachment which may have caused it to come undone during the landing.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132010692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2021.117381
Prateek Mangal, A. Rajesh, Richa Misra
The fourth industrial revolution has come at a cost; our planet earth is enduring concurrent changes in population, infrastructure, natural resources etc. and its cumulative ill effects on global climate. These changes coupled with advancements in technology viz. sensors and data mining techniques have led to a growth in study of climate data. Climate change study is a data intensive subject which has seen numerous innovations in data collection methods, and study of that data using big data analytics. The study of climate change and its effects has been one of the top priorities in big climate data analytics implementations. However, the study of climate data by recent methods has revealed several challenges previously unrecorded in data mining literature. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of use of big data in climate change research and the opportunities and challenges pertaining to it and its social impact.
{"title":"Analysis of opportunities and challenges presented by big data in climate change research and its social impact","authors":"Prateek Mangal, A. Rajesh, Richa Misra","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2021.117381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2021.117381","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth industrial revolution has come at a cost; our planet earth is enduring concurrent changes in population, infrastructure, natural resources etc. and its cumulative ill effects on global climate. These changes coupled with advancements in technology viz. sensors and data mining techniques have led to a growth in study of climate data. Climate change study is a data intensive subject which has seen numerous innovations in data collection methods, and study of that data using big data analytics. The study of climate change and its effects has been one of the top priorities in big climate data analytics implementations. However, the study of climate data by recent methods has revealed several challenges previously unrecorded in data mining literature. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of use of big data in climate change research and the opportunities and challenges pertaining to it and its social impact.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117220338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFE.2021.10035567
T. Singh, K. Mishra, N. A. Ranvijay
{"title":"k-Means clustering-based evolutionary algorithm for solving optimisation problems","authors":"T. Singh, K. Mishra, N. A. Ranvijay","doi":"10.1504/IJFE.2021.10035567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFE.2021.10035567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028378
G. Desmoulin
{"title":"Application of biomechanical modelling to police shooting reconstruction","authors":"G. Desmoulin","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131869818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037773
S. Goyal, Jitendra Singh, A. Saraswat, N. Kanwar, M. Shrivastava, Om Prakash Mahela
Economic load dispatch (ELD) is economic scheduling of all generating units for variable load conditions of power system. At the same time, emission of pollutants from conventional thermal power plants need to be controlled for reducing air pollution. Therefore, optimisation of operating cost and emission of pollutants is required for the economic and safe power generation. This paper proposes optimisation of load scheduling for combined economic emission and load dispatch (CEELD) problems. Biogeography based optimisation (BBO) technique is employed to provide the lowest fuel cost at minimum emission of pollutants of all the generating units for a given load. The CEELD solution is obtained by applying BBO technique on a standard IEEE 30 bus - 6 generator system. All the parameters are evaluated in MATLAB for 50 and 100 population size at a given load. The results are compared with the existing methods to prove the efficacy of the proposed technique.
{"title":"A case study on combined economic emission and load dispatch using biogeography based optimisation technique","authors":"S. Goyal, Jitendra Singh, A. Saraswat, N. Kanwar, M. Shrivastava, Om Prakash Mahela","doi":"10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037773","url":null,"abstract":"Economic load dispatch (ELD) is economic scheduling of all generating units for variable load conditions of power system. At the same time, emission of pollutants from conventional thermal power plants need to be controlled for reducing air pollution. Therefore, optimisation of operating cost and emission of pollutants is required for the economic and safe power generation. This paper proposes optimisation of load scheduling for combined economic emission and load dispatch (CEELD) problems. Biogeography based optimisation (BBO) technique is employed to provide the lowest fuel cost at minimum emission of pollutants of all the generating units for a given load. The CEELD solution is obtained by applying BBO technique on a standard IEEE 30 bus - 6 generator system. All the parameters are evaluated in MATLAB for 50 and 100 population size at a given load. The results are compared with the existing methods to prove the efficacy of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028383
G. Desmoulin, Marc-André Nolette
Body-worn cameras are a tool commonly used in many police departments as a way to protect the officers and the public. However, their value has sometimes been questioned. A recent case, presented here, exemplifies the way body-cam footage can be used. Using the footage in conjunction with an injury biomechanics investigation process, it was possible to show that the officers involved delivered submaximal blows in order to control the suspect rather than aiming to deliberately harm the suspect. It was also shown that the duration of the baton intervention was reasonable as the time the officer took to change his response was within the limits presented in literature.
{"title":"Body-worn cameras: a useful tool for police incident reconstruction","authors":"G. Desmoulin, Marc-André Nolette","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028383","url":null,"abstract":"Body-worn cameras are a tool commonly used in many police departments as a way to protect the officers and the public. However, their value has sometimes been questioned. A recent case, presented here, exemplifies the way body-cam footage can be used. Using the footage in conjunction with an injury biomechanics investigation process, it was possible to show that the officers involved delivered submaximal blows in order to control the suspect rather than aiming to deliberately harm the suspect. It was also shown that the duration of the baton intervention was reasonable as the time the officer took to change his response was within the limits presented in literature.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"68 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131523097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028380
A. Sandra
The maintenance schedule of the concession agreement made for construction of the National Highway projects in India under built operate transfer (BOT) Toll basis says that the pavement need to be overlaid whenever the performance indicators such as Roughness or Benkelman beam deflections (BBDs) exceed the trigger value or when the age of the pavement is more than five years. Due to improved quality in construction and good maintenance practices followed during service life, many roads are performing well even after five years of the construction and their performance indicators are below the trigger value and do not warrant for an overlay. Nevertheless, the concession agreements demand the overlay irrespective of the condition of pavement which is wastage of natural resources. With this background, in the present study, a five years road section from Ambala - Chandigarh of NH-22 was taken as a case study and studied various parameters which affect the pavement performance. Based on the study, it is concluded that the selected pavement for study is performing better ever after five years and overlay is not required immediately.
{"title":"Investigations to assess the requirement of overlay every 5th year after initial construction on national highway projects: a case study","authors":"A. Sandra","doi":"10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijfe.2019.10028380","url":null,"abstract":"The maintenance schedule of the concession agreement made for construction of the National Highway projects in India under built operate transfer (BOT) Toll basis says that the pavement need to be overlaid whenever the performance indicators such as Roughness or Benkelman beam deflections (BBDs) exceed the trigger value or when the age of the pavement is more than five years. Due to improved quality in construction and good maintenance practices followed during service life, many roads are performing well even after five years of the construction and their performance indicators are below the trigger value and do not warrant for an overlay. Nevertheless, the concession agreements demand the overlay irrespective of the condition of pavement which is wastage of natural resources. With this background, in the present study, a five years road section from Ambala - Chandigarh of NH-22 was taken as a case study and studied various parameters which affect the pavement performance. Based on the study, it is concluded that the selected pavement for study is performing better ever after five years and overlay is not required immediately.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133359208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037771
K. Kaur, Yogesh Kumar
Swarm intelligence algorithms have attaining much acceptance nowadays due to the fact that several real-life optimisation issues have become progressively large, difficult and vibrant. The size and complexity of the various problems currently need the implementation of approaches and desired solutions whose efficacy is computed by their capacity to discover suitable outcomes within a sensible quantity of time, as compared to the capability to assurance the optimal solution. The paper covers the swarm intelligence algorithms and their significance in various computing system for cyber security. The paper also focus on the role and applicability of numerous swarm intelligence techniques such as firefly optimisation, bat optimisation, Lion optimisation, chicken optimisation, social spider and many more in the field of cloud, fog and edge computing systems for cyber security. The review also highlights the work done by researchers in intrusion detection, attacks detection and effects of it on networks using swarm intelligence.
{"title":"Study on swarm intelligence algorithms in different computing techniques for cyber security","authors":"K. Kaur, Yogesh Kumar","doi":"10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFE.2020.10037771","url":null,"abstract":"Swarm intelligence algorithms have attaining much acceptance nowadays due to the fact that several real-life optimisation issues have become progressively large, difficult and vibrant. The size and complexity of the various problems currently need the implementation of approaches and desired solutions whose efficacy is computed by their capacity to discover suitable outcomes within a sensible quantity of time, as compared to the capability to assurance the optimal solution. The paper covers the swarm intelligence algorithms and their significance in various computing system for cyber security. The paper also focus on the role and applicability of numerous swarm intelligence techniques such as firefly optimisation, bat optimisation, Lion optimisation, chicken optimisation, social spider and many more in the field of cloud, fog and edge computing systems for cyber security. The review also highlights the work done by researchers in intrusion detection, attacks detection and effects of it on networks using swarm intelligence.","PeriodicalId":443235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Engineering","volume":"50 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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