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Information privacy and the digital generation gap: An exploratory study 信息隐私与数字代沟:探索性研究
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1243852
Ruth Halperin, Y. Dror
ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the demise of privacy has been repeatedly pronounced by renowned technology executives such as Mark Zuckerberg, who have declared privacy to be passé and anachronistic—“so 20th century”—or the concern of old people. However, there has been relatively little research into privacy perception and behavior among different generations that may relate to how people navigate their private lives in online settings. Furthermore, recent research has revealed the ways in which privacy concerns of young Internet users are enacted, thus challenging overgeneralized claims of a clear-cut generation gap associated with online privacy. As information privacy problems are becoming thornier, unfounded statements voiced by stakeholders with vested interests should be put to one side. Instead, systematic research is needed to understand how privacy is perceived and managed by people of different age groups, and what measures can and should be taken to address current and future concerns of Internet users across generations. We explore these questions and account for the results using a representative sample from Israel.
在过去的十年里,著名的科技高管,如马克·扎克伯格,反复宣称隐私的消亡,他宣称隐私是过时的,是过时的——“20世纪”——或者是老年人的关注。然而,相对而言,关于不同代人的隐私感知和行为的研究很少,这些研究可能与人们如何在网络环境中浏览他们的私人生活有关。此外,最近的研究揭示了年轻互联网用户的隐私问题是如何制定的,从而挑战了与网络隐私相关的明确代沟的过度概括的说法。随着信息隐私问题的日益棘手,既得利益者的无端言论应该被搁置一边。相反,需要进行系统的研究,以了解不同年龄组的人是如何感知和管理隐私的,以及可以采取什么措施来解决各代互联网用户当前和未来的担忧。我们探讨了这些问题,并使用来自以色列的代表性样本来解释结果。
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引用次数: 11
Editorial preface 编辑前言
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1243847
Kallol Bagchi, Editor in Chief
This is the last issue of JIPS 2016. It has three articles and one book review. The first article, “Information privacy and the digital generation gap: An exploratory study” by Ruth Halperin and Yuval Dror, observes that more research is needed to understand how privacy is perceived and managed by people of different age groups and what measures are adequate for internet use across generations. They find that younger users are compelled to take privacy risks because of the desire for digital participation, whereas older users are seen to disclose less. They also observe that, “at the heart of the generation gap lies not the issue of awareness but rather the social price and lost opportunities of preserving privacy by restraining self-disclosure.” The next paper authored by O. Folorunso, Femi Ayo and Y. E Babalola introduces a network intrusion detection system based on combinatorial algorithm called CANIDS. The CANIDS uses additional databases for detecting new attacks and speeds up network traffic during traffic analysis. A comparison of CANIDS with similar online schemes was done and results show a better performance in terms of false positive rate and a better accuracy rate. The third article, “Perceived deception: Evaluating source credibility and self-efficacy,” by Dustin Ormond, Merrill Warkentin, Allen C. Johnston, and Samuel C. Thompson deals with scareware messages. They use the responses of 213 university faculty and staff and for analysis use a SEM. The study results show that high levels of deception detection, self-efficacy, and source trustworthiness increase the likelihood of an individual who perceives a scareware message as deceptive. Additionally, the authors observe that technology awareness enhances self-efficacy to detect deception and reduces individual perceptions of source trustworthiness. They also note that behavioral intention to use scareware is lower when the message is perceived as deceptive. In the Book Review section, Faruk Arslan reviews the book titled, Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread-The Lessons from a New Science, by Alex Pentland. He observes, “Social Physics is an intriguing and well-written book, which contains rich and relevant information for researchers and practitioners, who are interested in computational social science.”
这是JIPS 2016的最后一期。它有三篇文章和一篇书评。第一篇文章,“信息隐私和数字代沟:一项探索性研究”,由Ruth Halperin和Yuval Dror撰写,观察到需要更多的研究来了解不同年龄段的人是如何感知和管理隐私的,以及哪些措施适合跨代使用互联网。他们发现,年轻用户因为渴望数字参与而被迫承担隐私风险,而年长用户则较少披露。他们还观察到,“代沟的核心不在于意识问题,而在于通过限制自我披露来保护隐私的社会代价和失去的机会。”O. Folorunso、Femi Ayo和Y. E . Babalola撰写的下一篇论文介绍了一种基于组合算法CANIDS的网络入侵检测系统。CANIDS使用额外的数据库来检测新的攻击,并在流量分析期间加快网络流量。将CANIDS与类似的在线方案进行了比较,结果表明CANIDS在假阳性率和准确率方面具有更好的性能。第三篇文章,“感知欺骗:评估信息来源的可信度和自我效能”,作者是Dustin Ormond, Merrill Warkentin, Allen C. Johnston和Samuel C. Thompson。他们使用213名大学教职员工的回答,并使用扫描电子显微镜进行分析。研究结果表明,高水平的欺骗检测,自我效能和来源可信度增加了个人认为恐吓信息具有欺骗性的可能性。此外,作者观察到,技术意识提高了自我效能感,以发现欺骗,并降低了个人对来源可信度的看法。他们还注意到,当信息被认为是欺骗性的时候,使用恐吓软件的行为意图就会降低。在书评部分,Faruk Arslan评论了Alex Pentland的《社会物理学:好思想如何传播——新科学的教训》一书。他说:“《社会物理学》是一本有趣的、写得很好的书,它为对计算社会科学感兴趣的研究人员和实践者提供了丰富而相关的信息。”
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引用次数: 0
Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread-The Lessons from a New Science, by Alex Pentland 亚历克斯·彭特兰著《社会物理学:好思想如何传播——一门新科学的教训》
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1243849
Faruk Arslan
In Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread-The Lessons from a New Science, Alex Pentland introduces the readers to a new field of science: social physics. This new field is defined by the author as “a quantitative social science that describes reliable, mathematical connections between information and idea flow on the one hand and people’s behavior on the other” (Pentland, 2014). This science is geared towards developing insights about the “flow of ideas between people” with the objective of creating better social structures such as companies and cities, for example. Pentland notes how the current studies in the social sciences suffer from using static and limited datasets, through which scientists can discover statistical regularities of social phenomena, but can’t exactly build a “causal theory of social structure.” The growing capability of big data technologies, which facilitate the retrieval, storage and analysis of massive amount of individual and peer to peer interaction data, act as the primary enabler of social physics. Through these technologies, the researcher can build a “living laboratory” and mine the “realities” occurring within the social structure using a diverse set of data-rich platforms such as digital sensing platforms and actual individual behavior. It is important to note that social physics rests upon a key premise—a lot of human behavior is habitual and primarily influenced by social learning, which occurs via peer to peer interaction within a social network. Pentland provides sufficient amount of empirical evidence throughout the book in support of this. The author organizes the book into four main parts following an introductory chapter (Chapter 1: From Ideas to Action). The Part I focuses on the field of social physics, whereas the Part II is dedicated to “idea machines”, which discusses the generation of collective intelligence and how social network incentives can be used as a tool to induce organizational change. Parts III and IV are dedicated to data-driven cities and societies respectively. In addition, the author provides four appendices to elaborate on key topics: Reality Mining (Appendix 1), OpenPDS (Appendix 2), Fast, Slow and Free Will (Appendix 3) and Math (Appendix 4). The author concludes this book by providing detailed notes for each chapter, references and index of key terms used in the book. In the upcoming paragraphs, I will provide a review of the key ideas discussed in each part of the book and conclude my review.
在《社会物理学:好思想如何传播——一门新科学的教训》一书中,亚历克斯·彭特兰向读者介绍了一个新的科学领域:社会物理学。这个新领域被作者定义为“一门定量的社会科学,一方面描述了信息和思想流动之间可靠的数学联系,另一方面描述了人们的行为”(Pentland, 2014)。这门科学旨在发展对“人与人之间的思想流动”的见解,其目标是创造更好的社会结构,例如公司和城市。彭特兰指出,目前的社会科学研究受困于使用静态和有限的数据集,通过这些数据集,科学家们可以发现社会现象的统计规律,但不能准确地建立一个“社会结构的因果理论”。不断增长的大数据技术的能力,促进了检索,存储和分析大量的个人和点对点交互数据,是社会物理学的主要推动力。通过这些技术,研究人员可以建立一个“生活实验室”,利用数字传感平台和实际个人行为等多种数据丰富的平台,挖掘社会结构中发生的“现实”。值得注意的是,社会物理学建立在一个关键前提之上——许多人类行为是习惯性的,主要受社会学习的影响,而社会学习是通过社会网络中的对等互动发生的。Pentland在书中提供了大量的经验证据来支持这一点。在第一章(从思想到行动)之后,作者将本书分为四个主要部分。第一部分侧重于社会物理学领域,而第二部分则致力于“思想机器”,其中讨论了集体智慧的产生以及如何将社会网络激励用作诱导组织变革的工具。第三部分和第四部分分别致力于数据驱动的城市和社会。此外,作者还提供了四个附录来详细阐述关键主题:现实挖掘(附录1),OpenPDS(附录2),快速,缓慢和自由意志(附录3)和数学(附录4)。作者通过提供每章的详细注释,参考文献和书中使用的关键术语索引来结束本书。在接下来的段落中,我将对书中每个部分讨论的关键思想进行回顾,并总结我的评论。
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引用次数: 2
Perceived deception: Evaluating source credibility and self-efficacy 感知欺骗:评估信息源可信度和自我效能
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1243857
Dustin Ormond, Merrill Warkentin, Allen C. Johnston, S. Thompson
ABSTRACT Detecting scareware messages that seek to deceive users with fear-inducing words and images is critical to protect users from sharing their identity information, money, and/or time with bad actors. Through a scenario-based experiment, the present study evaluated factors that aid users in perceiving deceptive communications. An online experiment was administered yielding 213 usable responses. The data from the study indicate high levels of deception detection self-efficacy and source trustworthiness increase the likelihood an individual will perceive a scareware message as deceptive. Additionally, technology awareness enhances self-efficacy to detect deception and reduces individual perceptions of source trustworthiness. Finally, the data significantly illustrate behavioral intention to use scareware is lower when the message is perceived as deceptive.
检测那些试图用令人恐惧的文字和图像欺骗用户的恐吓软件信息对于保护用户不与坏人分享他们的身份信息、金钱和/或时间至关重要。通过一个基于场景的实验,本研究评估了帮助用户感知欺骗性通信的因素。进行了一项在线实验,得到了213个可用的回答。该研究的数据表明,高水平的欺骗检测自我效能和来源可信度增加了个人将恐吓信息视为欺骗性的可能性。此外,技术意识提高了自我效能感,以发现欺骗,并降低了个体对来源可信度的感知。最后,数据显着说明使用恐吓软件的行为意愿较低,当信息被认为是欺骗性的。
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引用次数: 11
Personnel security and open source intelligence: Employing social media analytics in pre-employment screening and selection 人事安全和开源情报:在就业前筛选和选择中使用社交媒体分析
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1213997
Julian M. Montaquila, Cierra N. Godwin
ABSTRACT Inarguably, social networking sites have become immensely popular. The proliferation of the type and number of social media venues are well exceeded by the quantity of data they produce. Moreover, these sites engender collateral information previously unavailable to personnel security professionals. While a recent literature review suggests this data is increasingly used in background investigations, its analysis appears devoid of any standardized protocol. The absence of any uniform procedure appears confirmed via a recent review of background investigation manuals from state peace officer accreditation organizations. As a result, specific resources, techniques, and case examples are discussed, and the federal security clearance process is provided as a recommended protocol for investigators.
毫无疑问,社交网站已经变得非常流行。社交媒体场所的类型和数量的激增远远超过了它们产生的数据量。此外,这些网站提供了以前人事安全专业人员无法获得的附带信息。虽然最近的文献综述表明,这些数据越来越多地用于背景调查,但其分析似乎缺乏任何标准化的协议。最近对州治安官认证组织的背景调查手册的审查似乎证实了没有任何统一的程序。因此,本文讨论了具体的资源、技术和案例,并为调查人员提供了联邦安全审查程序作为推荐的协议。
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引用次数: 4
A simulation-based approach to predicting influence in social media communities: A case of U.S. border security 基于模拟的预测社交媒体社区影响力的方法:以美国边境安全为例
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1206758
Wingyan Chung
ABSTRACT Predicting influence in social media (SM) communities has a strong implication for cybersecurity and public policy setting. However, the rapidly growing volume and large variety of SM have made the prediction difficult. Unfortunately, research that combines the power of simulation, SM networks, and SM community features to predict influence is not widely available. In this research, we developed and validated a simulation-based approach to predicting influence in SM communities. The approach uses a power-law distribution to simulate user interaction and leverages statistical distributions to model SM posting and to predict influence of opinion leaders. We applied the approach to analyzing 1,323,940 messages posted by 380,498 users on Twitter about the U.S. border security and immigration issues. Three models for predicting behavioral responses were developed based on exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, and gamma distribution. Evaluation results show that the simulation-based approach accurately modeled real-world SM community behavior. The gamma model achieved the best prediction performance; the Weibull model ranked second; and the exponential model had a significantly lower performance. The research should contribute to developing a simulation-based approach to characterizing SM community behavior, implementing new models for SM behavior prediction, providing new empirical findings for understanding U.S. border security SM community behavior, and offering insights to SM-based cybersecurity.
预测社交媒体(SM)社区的影响力对网络安全和公共政策制定具有重要意义。然而,快速增长的体积和种类繁多的SM使预测变得困难。不幸的是,结合模拟、SM网络和SM社区特征的力量来预测影响的研究并不广泛。在这项研究中,我们开发并验证了一种基于模拟的方法来预测SM社区的影响力。该方法使用幂律分布来模拟用户交互,并利用统计分布来模拟SM发布并预测意见领袖的影响。我们应用该方法分析了Twitter上380,498名用户发布的有关美国边境安全和移民问题的1,323,940条消息。建立了基于指数分布、威布尔分布和伽马分布的三种行为反应预测模型。评估结果表明,基于仿真的方法可以准确地模拟现实世界中的SM社区行为。其中,gamma模型的预测效果最好;Weibull模型排名第二;而指数模型的性能明显较低。该研究将有助于开发基于模拟的方法来表征SM社区行为,实现新的SM行为预测模型,为理解美国边境安全SM社区行为提供新的实证发现,并为基于SM的网络安全提供见解。
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引用次数: 0
Social media analytics: Security and privacy issues 社交媒体分析:安全和隐私问题
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1213994
Wingyan Chung
Social media (SM) have gained widespread usage in public and private domains. Individuals and organizations use SM to express themselves, to shape political agenda, to gain public acceptance, to bu...
社交媒体(SM)在公共和私人领域都得到了广泛的应用。个人和组织使用SM来表达自己,塑造政治议程,获得公众认可,但…
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引用次数: 10
The role of personalized services and control: An empirical evaluation of privacy calculus and technology acceptance model in the mobile context 个性化服务和控制的作用:移动环境下隐私演算和技术接受模型的实证评估
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1206757
Zhan Liu, Jialu Shan, Y. Pigneur
ABSTRACT The past few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the use of smartphones. Such widespread use brings with it concerns over the protection of privacy. Building upon existing privacy concern literature, this study has developed a theoretical framework that combines a privacy calculus model with a technology acceptance model (TAM) in the mobile application context. Also examined is the role of personalized services and users’ perceived information control in this domain. Based on a study of 308 participants, the results reveal that perceived enjoyment has replaced perceived ease-of-use as a main predictor of perceived behavioral intentions in a mobile TAM. The findings also show that personalized services and users’ perceived information control have a strong effect on both privacy calculus and mobile TAM.
在过去的几年里,智能手机的使用呈爆炸式增长。如此广泛的使用带来了对隐私保护的担忧。在现有隐私问题文献的基础上,本研究开发了一个理论框架,将移动应用环境下的隐私演算模型与技术接受模型(TAM)相结合。本文还研究了个性化服务和用户感知信息控制在这一领域中的作用。基于一项对308名参与者的研究,结果表明,在移动TAM中,感知乐趣已经取代感知易用性,成为感知行为意图的主要预测因素。研究结果还表明,个性化服务和用户感知的信息控制对隐私计算和移动TAM都有很强的影响。
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引用次数: 11
Social media policies in the Department of Defense—Do they address the risk? 国防部的社交媒体政策——它们解决了风险吗?
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1180942
Katherine “Suzy” Cole-Miller, W. D. Ward, Ann L. Fruhling, Kathryn Cooper
ABSTRACT The rapid adoption and increased availability of social media has brought dynamic changes to the way people and organizations access and distribute information. Use of social media carries an inherent risk. Organizations use policies to encourage acceptable and responsible use of social media while limiting the activities they perceive as causing the most risk. This article will explore the social media policies of the Department of Defense by using a previously established methodology to determine if the policies are sufficiently addressing the risk as well as encouraging responsible use. The aim of this study is to provide recommendations based on the analysis and review of the policies.
社交媒体的迅速普及和日益普及给人们和组织获取和传播信息的方式带来了动态变化。使用社交媒体有其固有的风险。组织使用政策来鼓励接受和负责任地使用社交媒体,同时限制他们认为造成最大风险的活动。本文将探讨国防部的社交媒体政策,通过使用先前建立的方法来确定这些政策是否足以解决风险并鼓励负责任的使用。本研究的目的是在分析和检讨政策的基础上提出建议。
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引用次数: 4
The impact of exposure to news about electronic government surveillance on concerns about government intrusion, privacy self-efficacy, and privacy protective behavior 政府电子监控新闻曝光对政府入侵、隐私自我效能和隐私保护行为的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2016-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15536548.2016.1163026
S. Mamonov, M. Koufaris
ABSTRACT Government electronic surveillance programs are an active topic in public debates, yet little is known about how awareness of government electronic surveillance programs affects technology users’ concerns, beliefs, and behaviors. This study examined the impact of exposure to news stories about government surveillance on users’ concerns about government intrusion, their privacy self-efficacy, and the strength of passwords they use to protect information. Findings were that the exposure to news about government surveillance increases the level of concerns about government intrusion and has a negative impact on privacy self-efficacy. Further, contrary to expectations, this exposure also leads to weaker passwords used to protect information. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.
政府电子监控项目是公众辩论中的一个活跃话题,但人们对政府电子监控项目的认识如何影响技术用户的关注、信仰和行为知之甚少。这项研究考察了曝光有关政府监控的新闻报道对用户对政府入侵的担忧、他们的隐私自我效能以及他们用于保护信息的密码强度的影响。研究发现,政府监控新闻的曝光增加了对政府入侵的担忧程度,并对隐私自我效能产生负面影响。此外,与预期相反,这种暴露还会导致用于保护信息的密码变得更弱。讨论了可能的解释和研究结果的含义。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
International Journal of Information Security and Privacy
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